The concept of resistance can best be described as:
a. everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material.
b. that which needs to be analyzed and interpreted.
c. an inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy.
d. an unwillingness to freely share with the analyst certain thoughts and feelings.
e. all of these
The role of the client in rational emotive behavior therapy is like that of a:
a. co-therapist.
b. passive observer.
c. student or learner.
d. partner.
Who among the following is not considered a relational Gestalt therapist?
a. Fritz Perls
b. Laura Perls
c. Miriam Polster
d. Erv Polster
What is the technique in family therapy that casts a new light on a problem and
provides a different interpretation for a problematic situation?
a. reorganization
b. family mapping
c. restructuring
d. reframing
e. joining
Which of the following is (are) a contribution of reality therapy?
a. It helps clients deal emotionally with unfinished business from their past.
b. It provides insight into the causes of one’s problems.
c. It provides a structure for both clients and therapist to evaluate the degree and the
nature of changes.
d. Most of its concepts have been subjected to empirical testing.
According to Glasser, many of the problems of clients are caused by:
a. unfinished business with parents.
b. sibling rivalry.
c. early childhood trauma.
d. their inability to connect or to have a satisfying relationship with at least one of the
significant people in their lives.
e. the failure to succeed in changing the other person in the relationship.
Which of the following would not be part of an Adlerian approach to working with
Stan?
a. giving homework assignments
b. gathering data about his dreams
c. examining his private logic
d. exploring his family constellation
e. confronting the ways he is seeking to escape his freedom through drugs and alcohol
The basic goal of existential psychotherapy is:
a. to expand self-awareness.
b. to increase choice potentials.
c. to help clients accept the responsibility of choosing.
d. to help the client experience authentic existence.
e. all of these
In doing a lifestyle assessment with Ruth, the therapist is likely to gather information
about her life except for:
a. her transference toward the therapist.
b. family influences.
c. early memories
d. birth order
e. early childhood experience
The founder(s) of narrative therapy is (are):
a. Michael White and David Epston.
b. Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer.
c. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck.
d. Donald Meichenbaum.
e. Albert Bandura.
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) storied lives, (b) personal is political, (c) deconstruction, (d) search for unique
outcomes, (e) re-authoring
Jean-Pierre told the family therapist that his wife loses control of her temper with their
children because of his demanding work schedule and his inability to be there to
support her. Which communication stance has he adopted?
a. blaming
b. placating
c. super reasonable
d. irrelevant
Which of the following therapists would focus on systemic issues with Stan?
a. A family therapist
b. A Gestalt therapist
c. A psychoanalyst
d. A person-centered therapist
e. A solution-focused therapist
Which child is most likely to demand center stage, tends to have difficulties in life
when he or she is no longer the center of attention, and is likely to become dependently
tied to the mother?
a. the oldest child
b. the second child
c. the middle child
d. the youngest child
e. the only child
Insight in analytic therapy typically requires the client to experience therapeutic
regression and the “working through” of distortions in the context of the therapeutic
relationship. These processes:
a. require an immense amount of commitment from the client and are only for the
strong willed.
b. cannot be terminated prematurely without danger of psychological harm to the client.
c. suggest the client has to be psychologically “reborn”.
d. are well-understood by managed care institutions and are usually financially
supported.
e. are resigned to the unconscious and will happen no matter what the client or therapist
does.
Which of the following principles of feminist psychology is most aimed at advancing a
transformation in society?
a. The person is political.
b. Commitment to social change.
c. Women’s ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored.
d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress.
e. All types of oppression are recognized.
In terms of ethical accountability, behavior therapy:
a. does not address this issue.
b. provides a basis for responsible practice.
c. offers a greater chance of abusing interventions than do other approaches.
d. makes use of techniques that have questionable validity.
e. is the only ethical form of therapy today.
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) empowerment and egalitarianism, (b) power analysis and power intervention, (c)
choice theory, (d)social action, (e) self in relation theory
Which of the following themes would clients in feminist therapy be least likely to
explore?
a. messages received while growing up
b. critically evaluating social dictates and expectations
c. power and control
d. transference reactions toward their therapist
e. external forces influencing behavior
Which approach would focus on Ruth’s lifestyle, examine her early recollections, and
be interested in her family constellation?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. narrative therapy
c. solution-focused brief therapy
d. reality therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
The concept of “private logic” refers to:
a. the person’s search for meaning in life.
b. concepts about self, others, and life that constitute the philosophy on which one’s
lifestyle is based.
c. irrational ideas that lead to emotional upsets.
d. catastrophic expectations that lead to anxiety.
Which approach would most likely be most appropriate in challenging Ruth to find
meaning in her life?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. existential therapy
d. cognitive-behavior therapy
e. solution-focused brief therapy
Which of the following interventions is not associated with the third wave of behavior
therapy?
a. dialectical behavior therapy
b. relaxation training
c. acceptance and commitment therapy
d. mindfulness based cognitive therapy
One contribution of psychoanalytic therapy has been its:
a. subjective approach.
b. reliance on research for validation.
c. detailed and comprehensive description of personality structure and functioning.
d. emphasis on an I/Thou relationship.
e. emphasis on the disputation of irrational beliefs.
The one central principle agreed upon by family therapy practitioners, regardless of
their particular approach, is that
a. the client is connected to living systems.
b. family dysfunction is typically caused by the most dominant family member.
c. lack of differentiation is the primary cause of all family dysfunction.
d. the empty chair technique is the most effective technique.
e. none of these
“Fictional finalism” is an Adlerian term meaning:
a. the unrealistic ideas that we have about the way life should be.
b. our strict adherence to certain beliefs that are not based on reality.
c. an imagined central goal that guides our behavior.
d. our stubborn resistance to change.
Which of the following approaches does not place emphasis on homework outside of
therapy sessions?
a. cognitive behavioral therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. reality therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. both (b) and (c)
What is not a part of the steps in a self-directed change program?
a. exploration of one’s family constellation
b. selection of specific goals
c. self-monitoring
d. self-reinforcement procedures
e. working out a plan for change
When practicing mindfulness:
a. clients learn to focus on one thing at a time and to bring their attention back to the
present moment when distractions arise.
b. clients develop an attitude of curiosity and compassion to present experience.
c. clients learn how to be aware of themselves without being judgmental.
d. clients train themselves to intentionally focus on their present experience while at the
same time achieving a distance from it.
e. all of these.
From a social constructionist perspective, change begins with:
a. deconstructing the power of cultural narratives.
b. understanding the roots of a problem.
c. the therapist’s skill in using confrontational techniques.
d. understanding and accepting objective reality.
e. disputing irrational beliefs.
Given the complexity of the multilayered approach to family therapy, the therapist must
adopt the role of “expert.”
Ellis was originally trained as a psychoanalyst.
From the Adlerian perspective, objective reality is more important than how we
interpret reality and the meanings we attach to what we experience.
Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is synonymous with Gestalt therapy.
Narrative therapists pay significant attention to a client’s past as it helps them
understand the origins of client’s stories.
Freud postulated the concepts of both life instincts and death instincts.
Rollo May has been instrumental in translating some concepts drawn from existential
philosophy and applying them to psychotherapy.
The concept of lifestyle refers to an individual’s core beliefs and assumptions through
which the person organizes his or her reality and finds meaning in life events.
Therapists should not admit their mistakes since that could diminish their clients’
confidence in them.
Narrative therapy has been effectively applied in school settings.
The outcomes of existential therapy have been submitted to rigorous empirical testing.
Understanding family process is almost always facilitated by “how” questions.
From a cognitive perspective, depression is largely due to one’s attitudes and beliefs.
Reality therapy is a popular approach in correctional work.
Those practicing brief therapy are in business to change clients, to give them quick
advice, and to solve their problems for them.
The general goals of counselors must be congruent with the personal goals of the client.
Glasser took the position that schools needed to be structured in ways to help students
achieve a success identity as opposed to a failure identity.
The narrative approach is part of the social construction model.
The female therapist may share some of her own struggles with sex role oppression
with her client.