The ability to express novel and useful ideas, to sense and elucidate relationships, and
ask previously unthought-of but important questions is
A) talent.
B) genius.
C) creativity.
D) insight.
Functional behavioral assessment is used to reduce or eliminate negative behaviors. The
purposes the negative behaviors serve for a person are
A) antecedents.
B) setting events.
C) consequences.
D) quasi-negative reinforcers of the first magnitude.
Research indicates that
a. some instructional approaches, such classwide peer tutoring, allow teachers to
provide culturally sensitive instruction to all members of a diverse group at once.
b. students with different cultural backgrounds need to be taught differently.
c. certain aspects of cultural heritage determine to a significant extent how students
learn best.
d. African-American boys learn best through project-based, hands-on instruction.
An example of a disability with a highly organized subculture is
a. mental retardation.
b. autism.
c. deafness.
d. epilepsy.
Each of the following is an example of social support EXCEPT
a. a family’s church
b. a parental support group
c. a subscription to a disability journal
d. an internet news group
Each of the following is a reason why early, comprehensive, intense, and sustained
intervention is so rare EXCEPT
A) worry about labeling and stigma.
B) lack of familiarity with the early signs of problems.
C) optimism about a child’s development (i.e.,”he”ll grow out of it”).
D) lack of resources for any but the most severe cases.
The term ‘spectrum” in autism spectrum disorders refers to the fact that people with
ASD
A) have a variety of symptoms and degrees of impairment that fall along a continuum.
B) have symptoms that are like waves, they come and go.
C) are almost always (at least over 50%) obsessed with the colors of objects in their
environment.
D) are overrepresented in the LGBT population.
Shaunta has a speech disorder which causes her to stutter. This is a disorder of
A) articulation.
B) motor-speech.
C) voice.
D) fluency.
Authorities have used all of the following as a historical basis for the existence of
ADHD EXCEPT
A) Still’s children with”defective moral control.”
B) Goldstein’s brain-injured soldiers of World War I.
C) Cruickshank’s poems of children led astray by goblins and fairies.
D) Weikard’s chapter on “Lack of Attention.”
The seminal work in the field of autism began in what year?
A) 1992
B) 1929
C) 1943
D) 1907
Methods of progress monitoring that involve a cycle of teaching, followed by testing,
and then reteaching as necessary are
A) dynamic assessments.
B) curriculum-based language and communication assessment.
C) curriculum-based management.
D) response to intervention.
All of the following are cautions concerning Ritalin EXCEPT
A) It should not be prescribed at the first sign of a behavioral problem.
B) The results for academic outcomes are unclear.
C) Proper dosage levels vary considerably.
D) It is an over-the-counter substance with little chance of abuse.
Special ability, aptitude, or accomplishment ordinarily refers to
A) talent.
B) creativity.
C) genius.
D) insight.
Rating scales used for ADHD are generally filled out by each of the following EXCEPT
A) parents
B) medical doctors
C) teachers
D) the child
Repetitive movements such as rocking, rubbing the eyes, and grimacing displayed by
some people who are blind are known as
a. blindisms.
b. redundant behavior.
c. stereotypic behavior.
d. perseverations.
Research has consistently shown that students who are positively reinforced for correct
responses
a) learn at the same rate as when they are not reinforced.
b) are susceptible to a “rebound effect,” whereby punishment is ineffective.
c) learn at a faster rate than when they are not reinforced.
d) are highly likely to become dependent on reinforcement.
Quick measurements to determine who may need further assessment are
a. outcome measures.
b. progress monitors.
c. diagnoses.
d. screening measures.
Joint attention is the process of
A) looking at a stimulus within milliseconds of another person looking at the same
stimulus.
B) anticipating another person’s focus of attention.
C) one person alerting another to a stimulus via nonverbal means, such as gazing or
pointing.
D) two people using the same cues to help focus their attention.
Early Childhood programs designed to enhance the development of children already
identified with intellectual disabilities place a great deal of emphasis on
a) transitions.
b) physical therapy.
c) feeding techniques.
d) language and conceptual development.
A distinctive feature of the social support approach is that it focuses on
a. developing informal sources of support.
b. creating a network of professionals to assist the family.
c. expanding access to social services in the community
d. changing the community rather than the family.
Stiffness or tenseness of muscles and inaccurate voluntary movements is known as
A) choreoathetosis.
B) atonicity.
C) spasticity.
D) reflexivity.
When performance tests, rather than verbal tests, are used,
A) the IQ scores of both those who are hearing and those who are deaf are lower.
B) the IQ scores of those who are deaf are lower than those who are hearing.
C) the IQ scores of those who are deaf are higher than those who are hearing.
D) there is no difference in IQ scores between those who are deaf and those who are
hearing.
Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate
through normal speech can express wants and needs, share information, engage in
social closeness, or manage social etiquette is
a) facilitated communication.
b) augmentative or alternative communication.
c) manual communication.
d) applied functional communication.
Which of the following is a reason why ADHD was not included when the federal
government began tracking the prevalence of disabilities?
A) There was a large body of research suggesting it is not a distinct disability.
B) The advocacy base for children with ADHD was not yet well-developed.
C) There was already a category for minimal brain injury.
D) The federal government put a cap on the number of disability types to be served by
public schools.
Which one of the following is regarded by some parents as a positive effect of having a
child with a disability?
a. entitles the family to financial benefits
b. causes family members to be more tolerant of others
c. reduces parents’concerns about social issues
d. puts an end to unstable marital relationships
Cognitive training involves all of the following EXCEPT
A) changing thought processes.
B) providing strategies for learning.
C) teaching self-initiative.
D) multisensory training.
Most authorities agree that in accepting and fostering cultural diversity, schools should
a. also provide instruction in skills needed to survive and prosper in the larger context
of American culture.
b. not require students to learn English if they live in a community that is
predominantly non-English speaking.
c. identify multiple sets of performance standards so that all students can succeed.
d. act as”gatekeepers,”requiring that students graduating from high school meet
standards of both the dominant culture and the subculture.
A six-month-old child who cannot walk or talk would best be described as having a(n)
a. disability.
b. age-appropriate disability.
c. age-appropriate inability.
d. instructional inability.
The federal definition of E/BD has been most widely criticized for its exclusion of
children with
A) autism.
B) schizophrenia.
C) social maladjustment.
D) attention deficit disorder.
According to one point of view, general education and special education teachers
should work together but have distinctive roles. This point of view suggests that
a. general education teachers are content specialists who should be trained by a special
education coach.
b. general education teachers can gradually take the place of special education teachers.
c. special educators have no more specialized expertise in teaching individualized
curricula than do general educators.
d. the popular co-teaching model of collaboration provides the required kind of
intensive instruction needed by students with disabilities.
A group sharing a set of specific abilities or disabilities that are especially valued or that
require special accommodation within a given subculture is called a/an
a. microcultural group.
b. ethnic group.
c. exceptionality group.
d. macrocultural group.
Despite problems in defining E/BD, most children with severe E/BD are easily
recognized because
A) teachers are trained in the use of behavior rating scales.
B) systematic screening procedures are used in most schools.
C) their behavior attracts immediate attention.
D) most schools have psychologists on-site.
Most authorities agree that a student with Usher syndrome should
a) begin using braille and O & M training as soon as all sight is gone.
b) begin using braille while sighted, but wait for O & M training until all sight is gone.
c) begin braille and O & M training while functioning as a seeing person.
d) begin O & M training while sighted, but wait until sight is gone to begin braille.
Most professionals agree that programming for transition to adulthood for students with
intellectual disabilities should begin
a) at birth.
b) during the elementary years.
c) when students express interest in a vocation.
d) when the student enters high school.
A situation in which a person with a disability becomes a regular employee, performs a
valued function in a regular work setting, and receives fair pay while receiving training,
social skills instruction, and other services is
A) job coaching.
B) job shadowing.
C) supported employment.
D) partial employment.
Describe four ways that special and general education teachers can collaborate to serve
students with ADHD.
What characteristics should early education and interventions for students with autism
have?
What is meant by the statement”we should speak of people who exhibit gifted behavior,
rather than of gifted people?”
Describe two ways that special and general education teachers can collaborate to serve
students with visual impairments.
Why do estimates of the prevalence of E/BD vary so much across different studies?
Discuss the controversy surrounding the relationship between special and general
education and describe reasons behind reform proposals.
What is meant by the statement:”It may not be that they do not know how to behave
appropriately so much as that they are unable to do so”?
Describe three strategies to help a student with autism be included more in a general
education classroom.
List at least three of the six theories of language development that have dominated the
study of human communication at various times. Which theory is widely viewed as
having the most direct implications for speech-language pathologists and teachers?
Why?
Why is it important for teachers to know about and to practice proper positioning and
handling of students with physical disabilities?
Discuss the factors that have led to expanded employment opportunities for individuals
with physical disabilities.
Describe ways that many physical disabilities could be prevented.
Why should students with Usher syndrome receive intensive and extensive instruction
in Braille and orientation and mobility even when they are still able to see?
Write a case description of a student who is defined as legally blind but has low vision
from an educational perspective.
What does the term “least restrictive environment” mean when applied to education for
exceptional children? Provide an example to support your explanation.
Distinguish between a communication disorder and a communication variation. When
might a communication variation demand special teaching?
Write a description of what you think life might have been like for Helen Keller and
Laura Bridgman if they had not had the intensive and extensive instruction they
received from Annie Sullivan and Samuel Gridley Howe, respectively.