Research on braille leads to all the following recommendations EXCEPT
a. daily braille instruction for a period of 1.5 to 2 hours during the early elementary
grades.
b. Pre-braille instruction (e.g., exposure to names in braille,
i. tactile labels, writing experiences) for preschool and kindergarten-
ii. age students.
c. Braille slate and stylus instruction several days a week for moderate to short time
periods beginning in third or fourth grade
d. discouraging keyboard instruction until the student has reached a 5th grade
proficiency level in reading braille.
Approximately what percentage of the population of people with blindness currently
uses braille as a primary reading method?
a. 12%
b. 34%
c. 62%
d. 84%
All of the following are common criticisms of standardized tests EXCEPT
a. failing to take cultural diversity into account.
b. focusing on deficits of the individual.
c. underestimating abilities of students from the majority culture.
d. failing to provide information useful in teaching.
Most professionals now agree that the intelligence of people with blindness
a. is slightly higher than that of people with sight.
b. is markedly lower than that of people with sight.
c. is slightly lower than that of people with sight.
d. can”t be compared directly to that of people with sight.
Explain why ADHD is not included as a separate category of special education under
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and why many professionals are
disappointed with this situation.
Echolocation
a. can be accomplished by clicking one’s tongue.
b. is one of the few skills obtainable by people who are blind but not those who are
sighted.
c. demonstrates that blindness results in an inherent, automatic ability to use the sense
of hearing better than the sighted can.
d. demonstrates that humans are able to hear much higher frequencies with practice.
Which of the following statements about the conceptual abilities of children with visual
impairment is true?
a. The performance of infants with visual problems is the same as that of their peers
with sight on conceptual tasks.
b. Adults should directly encourage infants and toddlers with vision problems to explore
their environment as they are less likely than their sighted peers to do so on their own.
c. Touch is just as efficient as sight for arriving at conceptualizations of objects.
d. Infants with vision problems pick up information incidentally in the same way as
their peers with sight.
The greatest problem with using technology for people with physical disabilities is
A) teaching them to use existing technologies.
B) accurately evaluating them to determine what would be most useful.
C) devising more sophisticated assistive technology.
D) the high cost of assistive technology.
In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness, two principles that practitioners
and parents should keep in mind are
a) incidental learning and structured routines.
b) direct instruction and structured routines.
c) direct instruction and variable routines.
d) indirect instruction and structured routines.
Clara has good vision for assignments written on the blackboard, but she has difficulty
with the print in her textbook. She may have a refraction problem known as
a. Myopia (nearsightedness.)
b. Hyperopia (farsightedness.)
c. astigmatism.
d. glaucoma.
In addition to its effect on the immune system, AIDS poses all of the following threats
to children EXCEPT
A) intellectual disability.
B) emotional or behavioral disorders.
C) seizures.
D) muscular dystrophy.
Shaunta’s mother told her to pick up her stuffed bear and put it away. Shaunta threw
herself to the ground and began kicking and screaming. Shaunta’s mom put the bear
away herself, telling Shaunta,”O.K, O.K., calm down.”Shaunta quickly ended her
tantrum and returned to playing. Which statement is true?
a) The mother’s behavior makes future tantrums less likely.
b) The mother’s behavior reinforced the tantrum behavior.
c) The mother imposed an unreasonable demand on her child.
d) People with multiple severe disabilities should not be expected to do chores.
A syndrome that causes deaf-blindness and is characterized by a number of physical
defects, such as an abnormally shaped pupil, and results in difficulties in swallowing
and breathing is
a) Usher syndrome.
b) Down syndrome.
c) Asperger syndrome.
d) CHARGE syndrome.
Diagnosis of young children with ADHD is particularly difficult because
A) there is no funding to do assessment in preschool.
B) the symptoms usually do not appear before a child is eight years of age.
C) preschool teachers have no training in identifying children with disabilities.
D) many preschoolers without ADHD exhibit a great deal of activity and impulsivity.
Causes of voice disorders include all of the following EXCEPT
A) hearing loss.
B) cleft palate.
C) chicken pox.
D) nodules.
Seizures may differ on all of the following dimensions EXCEPT
A) duration.
B) latency.
C) frequency.
D) causes.
The concept of multiple intelligences
A) is scientifically untenable.
B) is no longer popular.
C) has been validated by research.
D) has proven application to teaching.
Joe tends to believe whatever he is told, even highly questionable statements or claims,
despite any evidence. This tendency is
a) self-deception.
b) gullibility.
c) unreasonable trust.
d) learned helplessness.
All of the following are examples of behavioral inhibition EXCEPT
A) the ability to wait one’s turn.
B) refraining from interrupting in conversations.
C) working for immediate gratification or short-term rewards.
D) resisting potential distractions while working.
The greatest complicating factor in most students’return to school following TBI is
a) social skills.
b) physical appearance.
c) physical strength.
d) language or speech disorders.
Changes in the number of students in the learning disabilities category has been
attributed to all of the following factors EXCEPT
A) poor diagnostic procedures.
B) teachers’reluctance to change teaching methods.
C) increase in poverty and stress on families and children.
D) increase in prevalence of mental retardation.
The educational definition of blindness and low vision stresses
a. the method of reading instruction.
b. using visual acuity as a predictor of how people will function.
c. the method of vision assessment.
d. using whatever remaining sight a person has.
A teacher sets up a machine that beeps at random intervals; research has demonstrated
that, if students check “yes” or “no” in answer to whether they were paying attention
when the beeper beeps,
A) their self-determination skills will decrease .
B) their actual attention will decrease because of being distracted by the beeps.
C) their actual attention will improve.
D) their actual attention will improve, only if they are auditory-learners.
Some educators have suggested that the phrase “least restrictive environment” is not
appropriate for describing the placement of students. Which term do they suggest as
more accurate?
a. most enabling environment
b. most specialized environment
c. least isolated environment
d. most dedicated environment
What percentage of the school-aged population exhibits serious and persistent
emotional/behavioral problems, according to credible studies in the U.S. and other
countries?
A) less than 1%
B) about 2%
C) 6″10%
D) 10-15%.
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a potentially debilitating disease that
A) causes rapid deterioration of muscle tissue.
B) is characterized by pain in and around the joints and muscles.
C) is associated with neurological degeneration.
D) occurs only in the elderly.
In contingency-based self-management, the”contingency”is usually a type of
A) punishment.
B) reward.
C) aversive.
D) contract.
Students with ADHD receive special education services under the Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in which category?
A) ADHD
B) learning disabilities
C) emotional or behavioral disorders
D) other health impaired (OHI)
A deaf baseball player for whom a petition has been circulated for him to be inducted
into the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame is:
A) Yogi Berra.
B) Johnny Lipon.
C) “Dummy” Hoy.
D) Al Kaline.
A mixing of sensory or cognitive systems whereby stimulation of one elicits stimulation
of the other is
A) mirror neurons.
B) synaesthesia.
C) hyperresponsiveness.
D) hyposensitivity.
Standardized tests
a. have no place in special education.
b. should be used to compare students with disabilities before and after they receive
special instruction.
c. can be used effectively to compare students with disabilities to those without
disabilities.
d. are useful for making instructional decisions.
Considering the needs of all potential users, including those with disabilities, when
developing a technology is referred to as
a. inclusive technology.
b. universal design.
c. intuitive planning.
d. intuitive design.
Historically, residential institutions were the preferred means of service delivery
because they
a. offered a number of specialized services in one place.
b. provided more opportunities for social development.
c. maximized the academic achievement of students with visual impairment.
d. reduced the burden on families of caring for a child with blindness.
The concept of transition involves more than just employment. It has a broad emphasis
to include
a. movement from general education to special education.
b. more parental responsibility for meeting transition goals.
c. concern for outcomes such as independent living and community adjustment.
d. greater emphasis on vocational issues.
Positive behavior and intervention supports should be applied
a. during routines in which the family normally engages.
b. only when the family is in therapy.
c. when the family has accepted that the child has a disability.
d. in highly structured situations.