Joe was on a CRF schedule to reinforce the behavior of raising his hand before
speaking out. His teacher decided she needed to thin his schedule of reinforcement from
a CRF to VI 10 schedule. Joe’s use of handing raising decreased and he began to call
out without raising his hand. The behavioral principle which explains this situation is
__________.
a. ratio strain
b. thinning
c. Premack Principle
d. pairing
Which of the following is considered a form of an aversive stimulus?
a. overcorrection
b. time-out ribbon
c. response cost
d. noncontingent reinforcement
Types of data collection procedures that have been successfully used by students as
means for self recording are:
a. event
b. latency
c. anecdotal records
d. all of the above
When an intervention like a token system works for all but one or two students in a
group, it is likely that:
a. those students are too seriously disturbed to respond
b. there is powerful competing reinforcers available outside the token system
c. the students’ home situation is so poor that their behavior is essentially unchangeable
d. those students will respond only to punishment
After lunch Mrs. Davis began to work with Marquis on acquisition of his sight words.
Marquis was reinforced on a CRF schedule with primary reinforcers (popcorn).
However, Mrs. Davis notices that the popcorn was not serving as a reinforcer. What
behavioral term describes the phenomenon that Mrs. Davis was observing?
a. deprivation
b. satiation
c. pairing
d. reinforcer sampling
Which of the following IS a characteristic of a FR schedule of reinforcement?
a. The length of intervals affects the rate of responding
b. As the schedule ratio increases, the student will often stop responding for a period of
time following delivery of the reinforcer.
c. Behaviors occur at a relatively low rate
d. All of the above
Which of the following would NOT be considered a communicative function of
inappropriate behavior?
a. Lying in the floor instead of sitting in the desk
b. Refusing to answer when called upon
c. Painting finger nails during English class
d. Feeling angry as the result of a request
Mr. Hawkins wants Abel to learn to purchase a newspaper from a newspaper vending
machine. Over two weeks, Abel purchases newspapers from four different newspaper
machines. This is an example of what generalization technique?
a. Train loosely
b. Train sufficient exemplars
c. Sequentially modify
d. Train to generalize
__________ produces a written description of nearly everything that occurred in a
specific time period or setting.
a. Latency recording
b. Anecdotal reports
c. Event recording
d. Permanent product recording
On average, students in science Group A ask for assistance 8″12 times per 20-minute
period. The teacher wants to decrease this behavior. She tells the group that if they are
able to complete their 20-minute lab assignment with no more than three requests for
assistance, they will receive 5 bonus points for their work. This is an example of:
a. Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior
b. Differential reinforcement of other behaviors
c. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors
d. Noncontingent reinforcement
During a functional analysis condition a student is presented with a difficult task and
begins to scream. The teacher quickly removes the task and the student stops
screaming. Which of the following might be the function of his behavior?
a. self-stimulation
b. attention
c. escape
d. none of the above
The design associated with sequential modification is:
a. Multiple baseline design
b. Reversal design
c. Changing conditions design
d. Alternating treatment design
A _________ position holds that human behavior is lawful and its causes can be
identified in environmental events.
a. Deterministic
b. Constructivist
c. Positivist
d. Gestalt
Operant conditioning deals with __________ behaviors.
a. emotional
b. trained
c. reflexive
d. voluntary
In mediating generalization, students may be taught to:
a. recognize reinforcers in the environment
b. monitor and report on their own behavior generalization
c. recruits reinforcers which may be available
d. responds to specific discriminative stimuli in multiple environments
A _____ is an additional stimulus that increases the probability that an SD will
occasion the desired response.
a. Concept
b. Reinforcer
c. Consequence
d. Prompt
Initially, Isabel is taught to use her augmentative communication system to indicate it’s
time for lunch when prompted by the teacher and when she feels hunger. Through
instruction over time and withdrawal of the teacher’s verbal prompt, Isabel now
independently indicates it’s time for lunch when her stomach begins growling. This is
an example of what generalization technique?
a. Sequentially modify
b. Train loosely
c. Mediate generalization
d. Introduce to naturally maintaining contingencies
What do researchers need before they can say that a functional relation is
demonstrated?
a. Prediction
b. Verification of prediction
c. Replication of effect
d. All of the above
Ms. Coulter was successful using a token reinforcement system with Jordan to decrease
his inappropriate behaviors in her class. Mr. Johnson is now going to implement the
same token system in his class in hopes that Jordan’s behavior will improve. This is an
example of what generalization technique?
a. Train loosely
b. Sequentially modify
c. Introduce to naturally maintaining contingencies
d. Mediate generalization
Replication effect can be seen in a reversal design in the:
a. first and second phases
b. third and fourth phases
c. first and third phases
d. second and fourth phases
Each time George puts a quarter in the gumball machine, he receives a gumball. George
is on what schedule of reinforcement?
a. CRF
b. FI
c. VR
d. VRD
Which of the following theorists is credited with classical conditioning?
a. B.F. Skinner
b. Jean Piaget
c. Ivan Pavlov
d. none of the above
During A-B-C descriptive analysis, data should be collected for a minimum of
a. 3 days
b. 5 days
c. 9 days
d. 10 days
Which symbol is associated with a lack of reinforcement?
a. SΔ
b. SD
c. SR+
d. SR-
A behavioral objective should be written such that its contents are:
a. observable
b. measurable
c. repeatable
d. all of the above
When data are converted to the seconds/minutes/hours for which a behavior occurred,
the type of recording used to collect the data was:
a. latency recording
b. time sampling
c. interval recording
d. duration recording
A behavior that lends itself to trapping includes:
a. Grooming skills
b. Social skills
c. Communication skills
d. All of the above
Which of the following would be found on the ordinate?
a. number of behaviors
b. rate of behaviors
c. percentage of behaviors
d. all of the above
A ______ is a class of stimuli that have characteristics in common.
a. Prompt hierarchy
b. Shape
c. SD
d. Concept
In learning applied behavior analysis procedures, good supervision includes:
a. training and observation
b. training and evaluation
c. training and implementation
d. both a and b
Discuss how single subject designs are evaluated through visual analysis of data.
The following criteria are examples associated with which behavioral procedure?
Richard will remain in his seat for three minutes.
Richard will remain in his seat for five minutes.
Richard will remain in his seat for ten minutes.
a. shaping
b. chaining
c. fading
d. none of the above