Electronic versions of printed publications, such as newspapers and journals, should be
evaluated with more caution than the print versions of these publications.
A listener’s elaboration likelihood is determined before the speech; the speaker cannot
really affect an audience member’s level of elaboration.
Identifying listeners’ reference groups is fairly simple because most listeners belong to
just one reference group.
Because quoted testimony is stronger than paraphrased testimony, one should always
use accurate quotes rather than paraphrased material.
The public forum is limited to large political questions like public health policy.
The most important principle to follow in using objects as visual aids is to make sure
that the object is easy to handle.
Lavish praise is the key to delivering an effective eulogy.
The test of careful listening is whether you can identify the thesis and explain how it
was developed.
Student speakers should use a performative style in classroom speeches.
Speech anxiety creates heightened physical reactions that many speakers use to their
advantage.
Plagiarism violates the ethical principle of respect for the topic.
A speech topic that cannot be adequately discussed in the time allowed is not
appropriate in scope.
When your audience knows about a topic but is unfamiliar with the details, the best
purpose to focus on is agenda setting.
Speakers can cultivate a more effective speaking style through strategic planning.
As you enter class, you see all of your classmates frantically studying their notes; from
this you infer that there must be a quiz that you had forgotten about. This inference is
reasoning by sign.
Selective listening often leads the audience to assume that the speaker’s position is the
same as their own opinion, even when it is not.
The most effective way to improve one’s style is to practice a few skills at a time,
gradually integrating more and more strategies into your repertoire of skills.
Informative speaking can create positive feeling because knowledge and information
are power, so being informed makes listeners feel powerful.
Even careless listeners can determine whether the main ideas support the thesis.
Narratives can be effective because they have a powerful dramatic structure.
Agenda-setting speeches get listeners to think about issues they had previously ignored.
Through audience analysis and careful strategic planning, a speaker can ensure that
listeners will interpret the speech as the speaker intends.
Rhythm in a speech helps audience members understand the speech because it improves
their ability to anticipate what is coming next.
Common knowledge is useful as supporting material not because it is true but because
most people presume that it is true.
Because the preparation outline provides important structure and detail, it is the outline
that should be used when delivering the speech.
Through the effective use of reinforcement strategies, a speaker can reverse the
forgetting curve and create a remembering curve.
Graphs are visual aids showing how variables are related to each other.
Documents are automatically credible because listeners know that they are accurate and
trustworthy.
During his speech on changing general education requirements at the university, Ben
made it a point to discuss the need for gainful employment, a concern he shared with
his audience. By doing so, Ben was attempting to establish identification with his
audience.
Informative strategies rely on the metaphor of the speaker as leader and the audience as
followers.
The most effective introductions are prepared in outline form.
When the speaker assumes that one thing causes an event, but in fact another factor
really caused the event, the speaker is committing a common cause fallacy.
One important goal of research is to make your ideas clear and pertinent to the
audience.
Analyzing the topic to identify issues is essential to deciding what the speech must
cover.
Listeners resist persuasion quite often because change is too much trouble.
A line graph is most effective in comparing and contrasting statistics.
Some very accomplished speakers can give excellent presentations without a fully
developed preparation outline.
Each listener interprets the speaker’s message differently.
Speakers need to adhere strictly to the constraints of the speaking situation.
To best illustrate basic makeup application techniques for work and for evening, the
speaker should use a(n) __________.
a. chart
b. object
c. film
d. person
Theforgetting curve is a measure of __________.
a. how listeners’ opinions change from positive to negative
b. how easy it is for speakers to forget parts of their memorized speeches
c. the relationship between what listeners understand and what they remember
d. the rate at which information is forgotten over time
The strength of a ceremonial speech depends primarily on the __________.
a. speaker’s ability to use words and images to capture the occasion
b. speaker’s ability to use compelling reasoning
c. uniform worn by the speaker
d. clarity of the informative strategies
Hillary’s informative speech focused on clarifying the audience’s understanding of
feminism. Which informative strategy did she need to rely on most?
a. reporting
b. defining
c. demonstrating
d. describing
Reflexivity refers to the tendency of speakers to __________ more than writers do.
a. refer to themselves and to the audience
b. use less complex sentence structures
c. repeat themselves
d. analyze their ideas
What type of supporting material includes averages, medians, indices, and standardized
scores?
a. facts
b. statistics
c. examples
d. documents
Which of the following is a possible drawback to consider when planning
computer-generated visual aids?
a. Your audience may be distracted from your speech.
b. It is tempting to make too many visual aids.
c. Your computer-generated visual aids are likely to be too colorful.
d. The background on PowerPoint™ slides is often distracting.
In an attempt to add vividness to his speech, Victor claimed that opponents of the
administration’s policies were “just a bunch of braying, belligerent bullies.” What
stylistic device was he using?
a. metaphor
b. simile
c. personification
d. alliteration
Explicit references to the audience, inclusive language, and a clear organizational
pattern are all strategies for encouraging __________.
a. decorum
b. resonance
c. commitment
d. reinforcement
Reasoning by comparing people, places, things, and events that are familiar to the
audience to those that are unfamiliar to them is reasoning by __________.
a. analogy
b. cause
c. example
d. testimony
When Kendra emphasized how rewarding it is to volunteer by describing her own
experiences with Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, she was __________.
a. providing supporting material
b. previewing her points
c. creating a sense of finality
d. answering the question, “So what?”
What do concrete words, maxims, and the active voice help to increase in your
message?
a. clarity
b. vividness
c. rhythm
d. irony
As the chair of the United Way campaign, Maggie wanted to convince all her coworkers
that civic engagement was an important goal for the company. Her purpose was to
__________.
a. set an agenda
b. strengthen commitment
c. weaken a feeling
d. induce a specific action
Jimmy argues that the fact that major-league athletes are bigger, stronger, and faster
than they were 20 years ago is an indicator that steroid use among these athletes has
increased. What type of reasoning is this?
a. analogy
b. testimony
c. sign
d. narrative
Columnar, statistical, visual list, and sequence of steps are all types of __________.
a. graphs
b. charts
c. diagrams
d. models
People seek to attain pleasure and avoid pain; this is the most basic theory of
__________.
a. motivation
b. needs
c. resonance
d. persuasion
When applying the expediency standard to a speech, you are evaluating __________.
a. whether the speech accomplishes its stated purpose
b. whether the speaker was ethical
c. whether the speaker addressed the situation artfully
d. whether the speaker supported each point with evidence
Checking for proper subordination ensures that __________.
a. the claims in the outline are precise and clear
b. the purpose of the speech is appropriate to the situation
c. the main points are parallel in importance
d. the supporting material is relevant to the idea it supports
When Mr. Douglas was preparing to speak to the PTA at his son’s school, his audience
analysis was limited to assuming that his listeners would share a common concern for
their children’s welfare. This approach to audience analysis represents __________.
a. informal audience analysis
b. formal audience analysis
c. focusing on the universal audience
d. focusing on audience roles
Informative strategies ask listeners to __________.
a. change their understanding of a subject
b. believe what the speaker believes about a topic
c. take some action on an issue
d. tell others what they have learned about a subject
Articulation is defined as __________.
a. the distinctness with which words are sounded
b. the clarity of individual sounds
c. the accepted way to sound any given word
d. the pronunciation pattern for a sentence as a whole
Public debates are a form of __________.
a. deliberative speaking
b. ceremonial speaking
c. forensic speaking
d. epideictic speaking
Caleb knew that his fellow union members opposed a plan to cut overtime at the plant,
but he wanted them to view it more positively. He planned to discuss the likelihood that
the plant would close altogether if payroll costs were not reduced. His purpose was to
__________.
a. provide new information or perspective
b. set an agenda
c. strengthen commitment
d. weaken commitment
Chip gave an impassioned speech about legalizing marijuana with a fair amount of
evidence and reasoning to back up his argument. Rather than refute Chip’s arguments,
however, his classmate Charlie simply responded by calling Chip a “whacked-out
stoner.” Charlie was resisting persuasion by __________.
a. denial
b. dismissal
c. belittling the source
d. labeling
Christina wanted to find out how her planned persuasive speech advocating an increase
in student fees would affect her audience. She discussed her ideas with a group of her
classmates to probe their feelings about the topic. Which method of audience analysis
was Christina using?
a. formal
b. informal
c. general
d. specific
Because a plain style is favored by most Americans, speakers can achieve an effective
plain style by __________.
a. spending hours on preparation, organization, editing, and practice
b. focusing more on clarity than on vividness and rhythm
c. inserting stories and personification as often as possible
d. concentrating on developing content and focusing less on language strategies
Because a narrative works like an extended example, what should be used to test its
inference?
a. plot
b. representativeness
c. explicitness of the moral
d. personalization
When analyzing the four factors of the rhetorical situation, which of the following is a
unique concern for the speaker?
a. exigence
b. ethos
c. deliberation
d. extemporaneity
Which of the following is a common characteristic of commemorative celebrations?
a. honors and pokes fun
b. celebrates one key feature of the occasion
c. praises the accomplishments of the honorees
d. refers to and emphasizes the event being celebrated
One way in which listeners resist persuasion is to attend to and remember only the parts
of a message that they already agree with and to interpret ambiguous messages in a way
that supports what they already believe. When listeners engage in this process, they are
resisting persuasion by __________.
a. ignoring the question
b. selective acceptance
c. selective listening
d. belittling the source
What is true of analyzing your own ethos?
a. Your speech should minimize perceptions of difference.
b. You should avoid trite references to community building.
c. You should not advocate positions that contradict those of your audience.
d. You can study audience perceptions of your ethos but are unlikely to be able to
change them.
Which of the following purposes requires a combination of informative and persuasive
strategies?
a. agenda setting
b. inducing action
c. creating a positive or negative feeling
d. weakening commitment
When a problem affects the public, cooperative action and subjective judgment is
needed, the decision requires subjective judgment, and a decision is required, what has
been created?
a. public speech
b. public forum
c. rhetorical situation
d. frame of reference
What is the best advice for maintaining eye contact when speaking to a large audience?
a. Focus just above listeners’ heads so as not to be intimidated by the size of the crowd.
b. Divide listeners into three or four groups and shift your focus among them,
corresponding to transitions.
c. Do not worry about eye contact with a group that large; no one will really notice.
d. Make eye contact only with the listeners who are close enough to notice.
When listeners assume that they know what the speaker will say before it is said, they
are creating a listening problem known as __________.
To keep any speech interesting and to keep the audience listening, you want to create
__________ in the seven dimensions of your voice.
Why is it important to study listening in a public speaking class? How important is this
topic relative to the others in the text?
When practicing, if you cannot practice in the room where you”ll speak, you should
__________ that setting as closely as possible.
A __________ graph illustrates how two variables change in relation to each other, as
plotted on a horizontal axis and vertical axis.
__________ style should be more informal, repetitive, and simpler than written style.
What are the four general categories your textbook outlines for ceremonial speeches?
Identify a specific type of speech in each category, and provide an actual or
hypothetical example of such a speech.
The __________ outline helps the speaker compose the speech, select the best
evidence, and discover which points have insufficient supporting material.
List the three general strategies for accomplishing speech goals. Identify how they are
different, and tell when each might be appropriate.
Public speaking requires more than learning knowledge; you need to put it into
__________.
Community service and involvement is the way in which most people are likely to
become active participants in the __________.
When you offer an __________, you make a general statement more meaningful by
illustrating a specific instance of it.
Because a speaker must provide connections to bridge the gap between elements in the
speech, it is important to include __________ in the speech.
The singing of “Take Me Out to the Ballgame” during the seventh-inning stretch of
every Cubs game is a(n) __________.
__________ lend weight to the thesis by explaining, illustrating, or defending it.
What are the two most important goals for any speech, and what are two ways of
accomplishing each goal? Identify differences between the goals.
How do visual aids enhance comprehension and retention? Are the visual aids that
enhance comprehension different from those that enhance retention?