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Experiments in criminal justice raise ethical as well as ______________ issues.
a. quality
b. objectivity
c. subjectivity
d. privacy
In the first quarter of the 19th century, one major component that influenced American
-policing was:
a. politics.
b. incompetence.
c. minorities.
d. inefficiency.
McGruff has:
a. been received favorably by the public.
b. become a dated concept and is being phased out of the crime prevention arena.
c. had little impact on what people know and do about crime prevention.
d. both b and c
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to aggression and violence in
bars?
a. drinking of alcohol
b. high proportion of young female
c. aggressiveness of bouncers
d. refusal of service to intoxicated patrons strangers
_______________ is the most commonly abused illicit drug at all ages.
a. Glue
b. Cocaine
c. Marijuana
d. Methamphetamine
A partnership where a probation officer rides along with a patrol officer:
a. has been described as the perfect match.
b. can result in a probationer's immediate arrest for a violation of probation.
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
One way in which community involvement can help reduce or prevent gang activity in
schools is:
a. for parents to prohibit their children from participating in gangs.
b. for the community to apply pressure to the entertainment media regarding destructive
shows, music, and videos.
c. It can"t. It will only promote fear and hysteria if the community is told of gang
activity.
d. none of the above
According to the text, zero tolerance strategies in schools:
a. are quite effective in reducing school violence.
b. grew out of antiviolence policies enacted during the turbulent 1960s.
c. no matter what the underlying circumstances, a student will be suspended or
expelled.
d. all of the above
According to the text, ______________ and secrecy within a police department can
result in a code of silence.
a. corruption
b. brutality
c. solidarity
d. paranoia
Which region of the United States has the highest number of gang members?
a. the East
b. North
c. the West
d. the South
Those individuals who embrace uncertainty and change are called:
a. early adopters.
b. late adopters.
c. innovators.
d. late majority.
The police image is affected by:
a. individual officer backgrounds.
b. the media.
c. officers' personal experiences.
d. all of the above
One way to enhance the media's understanding of police work is to invite the local
newspaper and broadcast reporters to enroll in a:
a. police speech class.
b. citizens' police academy.
c. criminal justice class.
d. none of the above
Each police agency exercises discretion when it establishes its:
a. procedures.
b. policies.
c. mission.
d. all of the above
The system that tries to keep juvenile status offenders and delinquents from the court's
-jurisdiction is called:
a. bifurcation.
b. rehabilitation.
c. diversion.
d. plea bargaining.
The least-effort principle proposes that:
a. criminals tend to commit crimes near but not too close to their residence.
b. criminals tend to target victims who offer the least resistance.
c. criminals tend to target areas near major roads that offer escape routes.
d. criminals tend to be lazy.
The __________ encodes a message and then transmits the message.
a. telephone
b. transmitter
c. sender
d. receiver
In 1999, a/an ______________ school for public safety and law was established in
largely Hispanic and African American neighborhoods of East Brooklyn.
a. alternative
b. residential
c. creative
d. magnet
Which of the following is not a risk faced by children in violent homes?
a. being neglected
b. lead poisoning
c. observing traumatic events
d. being abused themselves
According to the text, all are goals of the police athletic league except:
a. partnering with the Big Brothers/Big Sisters association.
b. reducing gang membership.
c. reducing the use and sale of drugs.
d. reducing violence in the community.
According to the text, key collaborators include all of the following except:
a. parks employees.
b. courts.
c. victims.
d. taxi drivers.
As stated in the text, a full-service gang unit uses which of the following components?
a. pressure
b. institutionalization
c. prevention
d. none of the above
Although there has not been a 'standardized" organizational structure in law
enforcement, the organizational structure of traditional law enforcement has been:
a. based on a military model.
b. a triage-shaped hierarchy.
c. centralized model.
d. decentralized model.
In 1929, President Herbert Hoover appointed the National Commission on Law
Observance and Enforcement (Wickersham Commission) to study:
a. the criminal justice system.
b. juvenile delinquency.
c. crime trends in the general population.
d. corruption in the private business sector.
What is an exemption to the Freedom of Information Act?
a. when national security is involved
b. when releasing information may compromise an investigation
c. when individuals' privacy may be violated
d. all of the above
Binge drinking is defined as having _______________ or more drinks in a row at least
once in the past 2 weeks.
a. three
b. four
c. five
d. six
This court case, decided by the Unites States Supreme Court in 1963, required states to
-provide free counsel to indigent defendants in all felony cases.
a. Mapp v. Ohio
b. Escobedo v. Illinois
c. Weeks v. United States
d. Gideon v. Wainwright
According to the text, gang membership increased most significantly in the Northeast
and:
a. Southeast.
b. Northwest.
c. Southwest.
d. South.
The NIJ's Locally Initiated Research Partnerships in Policing usually involves
partnerships between the local police department or other law enforcement agency and:
a. elementary schools throughout the state.
b. a local university.
c. local community corrections.
d. national crime prevention organizations such as MADD.
One hazard of citizen patrols is the possibility of:
a. volunteerism.
b. reciprocity.
c. vigilantism.
d. all of the above
According to the text, criticism of the partnerships in community policing usually
centers on _______________ and _______________.
A/An ________________ sells only to people they know or who are vouched for by
other buyers.
The use of police discretion is governed in every case by policies and procedures that
cover every possible circumstance an officer may face.
Reliance on generalizing may result in stereotyping.
As the text states, ________________ of prevention benefits occurs when criminals
believe that the opportunity blocking of one type of criminal activity is also aimed at
other types of criminal activity.
The "perp walk" serves as visible evidence of the process of justice.
According to the text, the basic goals of community policing and team policing are the
same.
A law enforcement response to domestic violence that is controversial is a
________________ policy.
According to the text, the most common threats include ________________ agents,
________________ agents, and ________________ exposure.
Gangs have a strong appeal for many children who live in communities where gangs
thrive.
Ethical behavior by individual officers and by the department as a whole is
indispensable to effective police"community partnerships.
_________________ is the concept of punishing all offenses severely, no matter how
minor.
According to the text, community-based corrections gained popularity in the 1990s but
are still resisted by many neighborhoods.
Describe and explain formal and informal power structure in most communities.
Answer:
Answer varies.
Cracking down on crime often results in _________________, the relocation of crime
and criminals to neighboring areas outside the enforcement zone.
Discuss the continuum of compromise and why it is referred to the 'slippery slope."
Answer:
Answer varies.
