In the text, one reason given for having counseling students receive some form of
psychotherapy is to help them:
a. work through early childhood trauma.
b. learn to deal with transference and countertransference.
c. recognize and resolve their co-dependent tendencies.
d. become self-actualized individuals.
Which of the following statements about theories or models of
counseling/psychotherapy is true?
a. Extensive research has shown that certain popular models of psychotherapy are
“wrong.”
b. There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society.
c. Accepting the validity of one model implies rejecting the validity of other models.
d. Theoretical pluralism has been frowned on by several major professional
organizations.
Which of the following personal characteristics of the therapist is most important,
according to Carl Rogers?
a. Unconditional positive regard
b. Acceptance
c. Genuineness
d. Accurate empathic understanding
From the very first solution-focused interview, the therapist is mindful of working
toward:
a. the miracle question.
b. pretherapy change.
c. formula first session task
d. termination.
Which of the following is nota basic characteristic of behavior therapy?
a. Treatment goals are specific and concrete.
b. It is grounded in learning theory.
c. Many specific techniques are supported by research.
d. The therapist is manipulative and controlling.
What is the current thinking in the field regarding the role of spirituality in counseling?
a. There is growing evidence that spiritual practice is therapeutically relevant, ethically
appropriate, and potentially significant topics for practice of counseling in secular
settings.
b. Counselors are encouraged to be cautious and engage in peripheral discussions about
spirituality only.
c. There is little interest in integrating spiritual issues in counseling.
d. Counselors should take a directive approach in helping clients meet their spiritual
needs.
If you try to figure out in advance how to proceed with a client, you may be depriving
the client of the opportunity to become an active partner in her or his own therapy.
a. True
b. False
A limit of the feminist approach from a diversity perspective is:
a. if therapists do not fully understand and respect the cultural values of clients from
diverse groups, they run the risk of imposing their own values.
b. the lack of sensitivity to individual differences in clients.
c. the broad focus on respect and equality.
d. the emphasis on the use of standardized therapeutic techniques.
Clients place more value on the personality of the therapist than on the .
a. specific techniques used.
b. specific words the therapist used.
c. therapist’s theoretical orientation.
d. aesthetics of the therapeutic setting.
The cognitive distortion that consists of forming conclusions based on an isolated detail
of an event is:
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction.
The ego defense mechanism in which a person exhibits behavior that clearly shows
signs of reverting to less mature stages is ________?
a. fixation
b. rationalization
c. regression
d. introjection
Carl Rogers encouraged counselors to use a nonconfrontational manner with their
clients.
a. True
b. False
Existential therapy is:
a. a deterministic approach to therapy.
b. an expansion of the Adlerian school of therapy.
c. a phenomenological approach to therapy.
d. a structured approach to therapy.
Since Corey challenges the deterministic notion that humans are the product of their
early conditioning and, thus, are victims of their past, he believes that an exploration of
the past is rarely useful.
a. True
b. False
_is an efficacious approach to helping people who experience psychological distress
improve their functioning.
a. Psychotherapy
b. Treatment
c. Intervention
d. Techniques
Which statement is nottrue?
a. Because cognitive factors have a place in the practice of behavior therapy, techniques
from this approach can be used to attain humanistic ends.
b. Contemporary behavior therapy is grounded on a scientific view of human behavior.
c. Behavioral methods can be applied to a diverse client population.
d. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with therapists’ behavioral
control.
Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral
action-oriented therapies?
a. Existential therapy
b. Cognitive behavior therapy
c. Choice theory/relative therapy
d. Behavior therapy
Existential guilt is being aware of having evaded a commitment, or having chosen not
to choose.
a. True
b. False
All of the following are characteristics that form the basis for an integrative framework
in brief therapy except:
a. time limitation.
b. focus.
c. the assignment of behavioral tasks.
d. counselor indirectiveness.
Therapists who have little respect for their clients can anticipate that their therapeutic
work will not be fruitful.
a. True
b. False
In feminist therapy, the following technique(s) is/are used to help clients recognize the
impact of gender-role socialization:
a. free association.
b. unbalancing.
c. scaling questions.
d. consciousness-raising.
Which of the following is the correct order in terms of the historical development of
Carl Rogers’s approach to counseling?
a. Client-centered to person-centered to nondirective
b. Client-centered to nondirective to person-centered
c. Nondirective to client-centered to person-centered
d. Nondirective to person-centered to client-centered
Effective psychotherapy is a practice in which the:
a. therapist solves problems for clients.
b. therapist is merely a skilled technician.
c. client and therapist collaborate in coconstructing solutions regarding life’s tasks.
d. client is in complete control of the direction of the therapy.
During her sessions, Justine questions whether she is trying to meet her clients’ needs or
her own needs. Justine is:
a. being overly analytical.
b. actively working toward expanding her self-awareness and learning to recognize her
areas of prejudice and vulnerability.
c. self-absorbed and insecure.
d. behaving unethically since she is preoccupied during her clients’ sessions.
Carl Rogers’s original emphasis was on reflection of feelings expressed by the client.
a. True
b. False
_includes a shift from placing the problem internally and “blaming the victim” to
consideration of social factors in the environment that contribute to a client’s problem.
a. Paradoxical intention
b. Reframing
c. Relabeling
d. Genderrole analysis
Resolution of sexual conflicts and sex-role identity is a critical function of the:
a. oral stage.
b. anal stage.
c. phallic stage.
d. genital stage.
It is essential that counselors establish a relationship with their clients, so that the
clients will:
a. be less divulging during an assessment.
b. be less focused on the here and now.
c. feel trusting enough to participate in the learning that can result from Gestalt
experiments.
d. be more willing to be involved in process-oriented diagnosis.
Reality therapy is often considered as a:
a. long in-depth process.
b. mentoring process.
c. symptom focusing theory.
d. past processing theory.
Gestalt therapy is a form of:
a. Freudian psychoanalytic therapy.
b. neo-Freudian analytic therapy.
c. behavior therapy.
d. existential therapy.
All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except for:
a. hypnosis.
b. relaxation training.
c. the development of an anxiety hierarchy.
d. psychoeducation.
Which of the following approaches is based on the premise that there are multiple
realities and multiple truths?
a. Behavior therapy
b. Postmodern approaches
c. Rational emotive behavior therapy
d. Gestalt therapy