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The results of the most recent and methodologically sophisticated studies provide
evidence that the contemporary sentencing process is not racially neutral.
The standard of proof for the government prosecutor under the adversary system is
beyond a reasonable doubt.
In recent years, state supreme courts have become important policymakers in a number
of contentious areas, such as same-sex marriages and parental rights in divorce cases.
Legal sanctions against domestic violence are limited to criminal law.
The ________________ is the supreme and fundamental law of the lan
d.
Researchers find that urban courts make greater use of probation and shorter prison
terms than their rural counterparts.
Researchers estimate that over 70 percent of all serious offenses are committed by
roughly seven percent of offenders.
The American Bar Association has recommended the of commercial bail.
The same differences of opinion about crime that characterize society as a whole
likewise divide courthouse actors.
The exclusionary rule bars evidence from being used in the prosecution's case-in-chief
if it was obtained in violation of a defendant's constitutional rights.
The U.S. Supreme Court adopted a "____________________ stages" test, under which
a defendant is entitled to legal representation at every stage of prosecution "where
substantial rights of the accused may be affected."
Federal district court judges must be residents of the district in which they preside.
The U.S. Supreme Court, in the case In re _________________________, ruled that the
due process clause of the 14th Amendment applied to juvenile court proceedings.
The principal objective of a unified court system is to shift judicial administration from
local control to centralized management.
Miranda applies only to interrogations.
In the courtroom work group, the judge generally knows less about the case than the
attorneys.
The two types of sentencing guidelines are voluntary and
___________________________.
