1.WhichofthefollowingIQscoresisconsideredwithintherangeofintellectualdisabilities?
a.120 b.100
c.80 d.60
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.02-Explainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationsofintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
NOTES: IndividualswithanIQofapproximately70-75orlowerwouldbeconsideredashaving
mentalretardation.
2.AccordingtotheAmericanAssociationonIntellectualandDevelopmentalDisabilities(AAIDD)acomponentofthe
definitionofintellectualdisabilityis
a.readingachievement. b.emotionalstability.
c.adaptiveskills. d.braindevelopment.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.02-Explainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationsofintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.6.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusefoundational
knowledgeofthefieldandtheirprofessionalEthicalPrinciplesandPracticeStandards
toinformspecialeducationpractice,toengageinlifelonglearning,andtoadvancetheir
profession.
NOTES: TheAAIDDhassixmajorcomponents:1)Intellectualabilities;2)Adaptivebehavior;3)
Participation,interactions,andsocialroles;4)Physicalandmentalhealth;5)
Environmentalcontext;and6)Ageofonset.
3.Theabilitytouseconceptual,social,andpracticalskillstofunctionineverydaylifeisdescribedas
a.communicationbehavior. b.adaptivebehavior.
c.self-advocacybehavior. d.intellectualbehavior.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.02-Explainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationsofintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: AAIDDdefinesadaptivebehaviorasacollectionofconceptual,social,andpractical
4.Withinanindividual,limitationsoften_____strengths.
a.cancelout b.coexistwith
c.outweigh d.outnumber
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.02-Explainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationsofintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
5.Downsyndromeisaconditionthatismostoftenincludedunderwhichofthefollowingclassificationsystems?
a.Medicaldescriptors b.SeverityoftheCondition
c.AdaptiveSkills d.Classificationbasedonneededsupport
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.02-Explainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationsofintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
NOTES: Downsyndromeiscommonlyclassifiedundermedicaldescriptors.
6.Supportsthatareprovidedonanas-neededbasisare
a.intermittent. b.limited.
c.intensive. d.pervasive.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.02-Explainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationsofintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
7.Marioneedscontinualdailysupportinatleastsomeenvironments,includingworkandhome.Tobeeffectivethese
supportsmustnotbetime-limited.AAIDDwouldclassifyMario’sneededsupportsas
a.intermittent. b.limited.
c.extensive. d.pervasive.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.02-Explainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationsofintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
NOTES: Extensivesupportsarecharacterizedbyregular(daily)involvementinatleastsome
environments.Extensivesupportsarenottimelimited.
8.Whichcharacteristicsaretypicalofstudentswithintellectualdisabilities?
a.Diminishedlearningand
memory
b.Inefficientself-regulation
c.Difficultywithadaptive
skills
d.Diminishedlearningandmemory,inefficientself-regulation,anddifficulty
withadaptiveskills
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Analyzing
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithintellectualdisabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
9.Memorydeficitsinindividualswithintellectualdisabilitiesmaybeattributedtodifficultyin
a.focusingonrelevantstimuliinlearningsituations.
b.focusingonrelevantstimuliinreal-lifesituations.
c.attendingtotherightthings.
d.focusingonrelevantstimuliinlearningsituations,focusingonrelevantstimuliinreal-lifesituations,and
attendingtotherightthings.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithintellectualdisabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
10.Atermthatbestdescribeshoweffectivelyapersonwithintellectualdisabilitiesisabletomanagehisorherown
behavioris
a.learnedhelplessness. b.generalization.
c.informationprocessingtheories. d.self-regulation.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithintellectualdisabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: Self-regulationdescribestheabilitytoregulateone’sownbehavior.
11.IanhasbeenusingVelcroattachedtohisnametagtoidentifyhisdesk.Withoutpromptinghehasbegunplacinghis
nametagonhisotherbelongings.Ianisisdemonstrating:
a.informationprocessingtheories. b.self-regulation.
c.learnedhelplessness. d.generalization.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithintellectualdisabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: Generalizationhappenswhenachildappliespreviouslylearnedcontentorskillstoa
situationinwhichtheinformationhasnotbeentaught.
12.AssuggestedbyKaiserinyourtext,theoverridinggoaloflanguageinterventionforpersonswithintellectual
disabilitiesisto
a.decreaseinappropriatelanguageuse. b.remediatealanguagedelay.
c.increasefunctionalcommunication. d.improvearticulationskills.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithintellectualdisabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
NOTES: Kaiseremphasizesthattheoverridinggoaloflanguageinterventionisalwaystoincrease
exceptionalities.
13.Intellectualdisabilityiscausedby
a.geneticconditions. b.problemsduringandafterbirth.
c.povertyrelated
deprivation.
d.geneticconditions,problemsduringandafterbirth,andpovertyrelated
deprivation.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.04-Listthecausesandriskfactorsassociatedwithintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
NOTES: Possibleknowncausesofintellectualdisabilitiesincludegeneticconditions,problems
duringpregnancy,problemsatbirth,problemsafterbirth,andpovertyrelated
deprivation.
14.Atraumaduringthebirthprocessthatmayresultinanoxiais
a.Anencephaly. b.RHincompatibility.
c.fetalpositionduringbirth. d.Encephalitis.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.04-Listthecausesandriskfactorsassociatedwithintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
NOTES: Certainbirthpositions(breech)maycausethebaby’soxygensupplytobereducedfora
periodoftimeuntiltheheadisexpelledandthelungsbegintofunction.
15.Lackofvaccinationsforchildhooddiseasessuchaswhoopingcough,chickenpox,measles,andHibdiseasemaylead
tobraindamagecausedby
a.Microcephaly. b.Anencephaly.
c.Encephalitis. d.Hydrocephaly.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.04-Listthecausesandriskfactorsassociatedwithintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
16.Self–helpskillsinclude:
a.eyecontact,askingquestions,andmaintainingattentionduringconversation.
b.crawling,reaching,andmanipulatingobjects.
c.eating,dressing,andmaintainingpersonalhygiene.
d.literacy,numeracy,andmaintainingcognitivefunction.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withintellectualdisabilitiesfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.7.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscollaboratewith
familiesandothereducators,relatedservicesproviders,individualswithexceptionalities,
andpersonnelfromcommunityagenciesinculturallyresponsivewaystoaddressthe
needsofindividualswithexceptionalitiesacrossarangeoflearningexperiences.
17.Employmenttrainingforpersonswithintellectualdisabilitiesisshiftingto
a.communitybasedemployment.
b.shelteredworkexperiencestogetthestudentreadyforwork.
c.simulatedworkexperiencesinclassroomsettings.
d.careerdevelopmentfocusingonhowtochooseanoccupation.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withintellectualdisabilitiesfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.6.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusefoundational
18.Inrecentyears,thefocusoneducationalplacementforstudentswithintellectualdisabilitieshasbeenon
a.specialschoolsettings. b.generaleducationsettings.
c.homeandhospitalprograms. d.residentiallivingandinstructionalsettings.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withintellectualdisabilitiesfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
19.AnindividualwhoscoresmorethantwostandarddeviationsbelowaveragemeetsAAIDD’sdefinitionofhaving
intellectualdisabilities.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.05-Describetheassessmentproceduresusedtoidentify
intellectualdisabilitiesinchildrenandyouth.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
20.Peoplewithintellectualdisabilitieshavelowerpercenthigherrateofpsychiatricdisordersthanthegeneralpopulation.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.05-Describetheassessmentproceduresusedtoidentify
intellectualdisabilitiesinchildrenandyouth.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
21.IntheAAIDDclassificationsystem,limitedsupportsarecharacterizedbyconsistency;timerequiredmaybelimited
butnotintermittent.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.02-Explainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationsofintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
22.Peoplewithintellectualdisabilitiesappeartodevelopefficientlearningstrategies,suchastheabilitytorehearsea
task.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithintellectualdisabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
23.Languageproblemsforindividualswithintellectualdisabilitiesaregenerallyassociatedwithbizarreuseoflanguage
ratherthandelaysinlanguagedevelopment.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithintellectualdisabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
24.Studentswhohaveintellectualdisabilitiesrarelyaredescribedaslackingmotivationorhavingself-direction.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithintellectualdisabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
25.Researchhasbeenabletodeterminetheexactcontributionofnatureandnurturetointellectualgrowth.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.04-Listthecausesandriskfactorsassociatedwithintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.6.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusefoundational
knowledgeofthefieldandtheirprofessionalEthicalPrinciplesandPracticeStandards
toinformspecialeducationpractice,toengageinlifelonglearning,andtoadvancetheir
profession.
26.Infantstimulationprogramsoftenfocusontheacquisitionofsensorimotorfunctions.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.6.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusefoundational
knowledgeofthefieldandtheirprofessionalEthicalPrinciplesandPracticeStandards
toinformspecialeducationpractice,toengageinlifelonglearning,andtoadvancetheir
profession.
27.Studentswithintellectualdisabilitieshavemadesignificantprogressinreadingabilityinprogramsthatemphasize
directinstruction.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withintellectualdisabilitiesfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
28.Employmenttrainingprogramsaremovingmoretowardgettingtheindividualreadyforworkthroughsimulatedwork
experiencesinclassroomsettings.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withintellectualdisabilitiesfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
29.DescribethemajorcomponentsofthecurrentAmericanAssociationonIntellectualDisabilities(AAIDD)definition
ofmentalretardation.
ANSWER: 1)Significantlimitationsinintellectualabilities;2)Significantlimitationsinadaptive
behavior;3)Ageofonsetpriortoeighteen;4)Participation,interactions,andsocial
roles;5)Physicalandmentalhealth;6)Environmentalcontexts.
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.02-Explainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationsofintellectual
disabilities.
30.Listthefourapproachestoclassifyingpeoplewithintellectualdisabilities.
ANSWER: 1)Severityofcondition;2)Educabilityexpectations;3)Medicaldescriptors;4)
Classificationbasedontheextentofneededsupports.
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.02-Explainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationsofintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
31.Listcriteriathatprofessionalsshouldapplyastheyputthedefinitionofintellectualdisabilitiesintopractice:
ANSWER:
1. Limitationsinaperson’spresentfunctioningmustbeconsideredwithinthe
contextofcommunityenvironmentstypicaloftheindividual’sage,peers,and
culture.
2. Validassessmentconsidersculturalandlinguisticdiversityaswellasdifferences
incommunication,sensory,motor,andbehavioralfactors.
3. Withinanindividual,limitationsoftencoexistwithstrengths.
4. Animportantpurposeofdescribinglimitationsistodevelopaprofileofneeded
supports.
5. Withappropriatepersonalizedsupportsoverasustainedperiod,thelife
functioningofthepersonwith[intellectualdisabilities]generallywillimprove
(AAIDD,2009).
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.02-Explainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationsofintellectual
disabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
32.Describetwocharacteristicsofpeoplewithintellectualdisabilities.
ANSWER:
4)Significantacademicdelays(especiallyinreading);5)Physicaldevelopment.
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
33.Listthefourareasofclassificationneededsupportforindividualstofunctioninthenaturalsettingsofhomeand
community.
ANSWER:
Intermittent.Supportsareprovidedonan“as-neededbasis.”Thesesupports
maybe(1)episodic—thatis,thepersondoesnotalwaysneedassistance;or
(2)short-term,occurringduringlifespantransitions(e.g.,joblossoracute
medicalcrisis).Intermittentsupportsmaybeofhighorlowintensity.
Limited.Supportsarecharacterizedbyconsistency;thetimerequiredmaybe
limited,buttheneedisnotintermittent.Fewerstaffmayberequired,andcosts
maybelowerthanthoseassociatedwithmoreintensivelevelsofsupport
(examplesincludetime-limitedemploymenttrainingandsupportsduring
transitionfromschooltoadulthood).
Extensive.Supportsarecharacterizedbyregularinvolvement(e.g.,daily)inat
leastsomeenvironments,suchasworkorhome;supportsarenottime-limited
(e.g.,long-termjobandhome-livingsupportwillbenecessary).
Pervasive.Supportsmustbeconstantandofhighintensity.Theyhavetobe
providedacrossmultipleenvironmentsandmaybelife-sustaininginnature.
Pervasivesupportstypicallyinvolvemorestaffandaremoreintrusivethan
extensiveortime-limitedsupports.
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.02-Explainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationsofintellectual
35.Describeinterventionbasedonnormalpatternsofgrowth.
ANSWER: Interventionbasedonnormalpatternsofgrowthisreferredtoasdevelopmental
milestonesbecauseitseekstodevelop,remedy,oradaptlearnerskillsbasedonthe
child’svariationfromwhatisconsiderednormal.Thisprogressionofskillscontinues
asthechildageschronologically;rateofprogressdependsontheseverityofthe
condition.Somechildrenwithprofoundintellectualdisabilitiesmayneverexceeda
developmentalageof6months.Thosewithmoderateintellectualdisabilitiesmay
developtoalevelthatwillenablethemtoleadfulfillinglivesasadults,withvarying
levelsofsupport.
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withintellectualdisabilitiesfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
36.Identifythreeareasthatshouldbeaddressedinprogramsforelementary-agedstudentswithintellectualdisabilities.
ANSWER: 1)Motorskills;2)Self-helpskills;3)Socialskills;4)Communicationskills;5)Academic
skills.
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withintellectualdisabilitiesfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
37.Discusstheuseoftechnologybypeoplewithintellectualdisabilities.
ANSWER: Forindividualswhocannotcommunicatevocally,technologycanhelpthem
communicate.Technologymaybeusedtoaidinfindingdirections,guidingusersto
destinations.Computerizedcueingsystemsandrobotshavealsobeenusedtoguide
userswithintellectualdisabilities.Technologyisassistingpeoplewithdisabilitiesto
successfullycompleteeverydaytasksofself-care.Assistivetechnologycanhelp
peoplewithsevereormultipledisabilitiestocontrolelectricalappliances,operate
audio/videoequipmentsuchashomeentertainmentsystems,orperformbasictasks
suchaslockingandunlockingdoors.Technologyisusedineducationtoaid
communication,supportactivitiesofdailyliving,andtoenhancelearning.Technology,
suchasvideo-assistedtraining,isbeingusedforjobtrainingandjobskilldevelopment
andtoteachcomplexskillsforappropriatejobbehaviorandsocialinteraction.Toys
canbeadaptedwithswitchesandothertechnologiestofacilitateplayforchildren.
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.09.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withintellectualdisabilitiesfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
38.Describeservicesandsupportsforyouthwithintellectualdisabilitiesduringtheadolescentandtransitionyears.
ANSWER: Adolescentswithintellectualdisabilitiesneedopportunitiesforinteractionwithpeers
withoutdisabilities(otherthancaregivers),accesstocommunityevents,sustained
socialrelationships,andinvolvementinchoicesthataffecttheirlives.Researchindicates
thatpeoplewithintellectualdisabilitiescanworkincommunityemploymentifadequate
trainingandsupportareprovided.Thestudentshouldhavetheopportunitytomake
informedchoicesaboutwhatjobsheorshewantstodoandwhereheorshewantsto
work.Thestudentshouldreceiveemploymenttrainingincommunitysettingspriorto
graduationfromhighschool.Employmenttrainingshouldfocusonworkopportunities
presentinthelocalareawheretheindividualcurrentlylives.Thefocusofthe