1.Multiculturaleducationevolveddueto
a.societalunrestduetopovertyandeconomicrecession.
b.therealizationthatsuchstudentslearnbetterwhensegregatedforacademics.
c.abeliefthattheacademicneedsofstudentsarebestsupportedwhenteachersunderstandstudents.
d.theemergenceoffederalfundingtosupporttheNCAA.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.04-Describehowthesepopulationtrendsaffectpubliceducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
NOTES: Englishasasecondlanguage(ESL)/bilingualeducationandculturallyandlinguistically
responsiveeducationevolvedfromabeliefthattheacademicneedsofchildrenwhose
linguisticorculturalbackgroundsdifferedfromthoseofthemajorityarebestsupported
whenweunderstandwhotheyare,whattheyandtheirfamiliesbringtotheeducation
enterprise,andhowthisknowledgeinfluencesourinstructionaldecisionmaking
2.Amajorresistancetobilingualormultilingualeducationalprogramsinschoolsisbasedonwhichofthefollowing
assumptions?
a.Culturaldifferenceshavenovalue.
b.Schoolsarenotrelevantinsocietyatlarge.
c.Schoolscannotchangeandpromoteattitudes.
d.Englishshouldbetaughtquicklytostudents.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.02-Describethepurposesandapproachesofbilingual/ESL
educationandculturallyandlinguisticallyresponsiveeducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
NOTES: Whilewehavesolidresearchthatbilingualormultilingualeducationalprogramswork
verywellforourEBLs,therearetwomajorreasonswhyU.S.schoolsystemsin
generalhaveresistedthisapproach.First,therearestronglyheldbeliefsthatpeople
comingtotheU.S.speakinglanguagesotherthanEnglishshouldlearnEnglishandthat
3.Modifiedculturalpluralismistheviewthatschools
a.preservethecharacteristicsofgroupsandpromoteinteractionsbetweengroups.
b.shouldignoreculturaldifferences.
c.shouldnotpushameltingpotperspective.
d.shouldnotencourageassimilation.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.02-Describethepurposesandapproachesofbilingual/ESL
educationandculturallyandlinguisticallyresponsiveeducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
NOTES: Thetheoryofamodifiedculturalpluralismencouragestheideaofculturalgroups
retainingtheiruniquecharacteristicsbutalsobuildingrelationshipsacrosscultures.
4.Whatisthepurposeofpromotingculturalpluralism?
a.toteachallstudentsaboutculturaldiversityandhowtoworktogethertocreatearichersociety
b.toallowstudentstolearnonlywhattheirculturevalues
c.torequireteacherstounderstandandspeakmultiplelanguages
d.toprovideamethodforcategorizingstudentsforclassroomplacement
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Analyzing
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.02-Describethepurposesandapproachesofbilingual/ESL
educationandculturallyandlinguisticallyresponsiveeducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
NOTES: Culturalpluralismpromotesthephilosophythatcollaborationamongmultiplecultures
createsastronger,moreunifiedcitizenrythatcancontributebothsociallyand
economicallytothewell-beingofacommunityandcountry.
5.Whichofthefollowingtermsdescribesthenumberofpeopleinagivenpopulationwithaspecificcharacteristic?
a.Prevalence
b.Disproportionality
c.Overrepresentation
d.Underrepresentation
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.03-Describepopulationtrendsamongculturallyandlinguistically
diverselearners,especiallyprevalencebyraceandethnicity,speakersofother
languages,poverty,andmigrancy.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
6.Overrepresentationmeans
a.thereistoomuchculturaldiversityinschoolstoday.
b.thereisahigherpercentageofstudentsinwithinaspecifiedsettingthanexpectedbasedonthepopulation.
c.thereisanincreasingnumberofstudentsinspecialeducation.
d.studentsfromculturallydiversebackgroundshaveahigherattendancerate.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.03-Describepopulationtrendsamongculturallyandlinguistically
diverselearners,especiallyprevalencebyraceandethnicity,speakersofother
languages,poverty,andmigrancy.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
NOTES: Overrepresentationistheoverrepresentationorunderrepresentationofaspecific
culturalorethnicgroupwithinaspecifiedsettingwhencomparedtothepercentageof
theirrepresentationorprevalenceinthegeneralpopulation.
7.Povertyisfoundmoreofteninwhatpopulations?
a.Mainstreampopulations
b.Diverseculturalandlinguisticpopulations
c.Ethnicpopulations
d.Mainstream,diverseculturalandlinguistic,andethnicpopulations
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.03-Describepopulationtrendsamongculturallyandlinguistically
diverselearners,especiallyprevalencebyraceandethnicity,speakersofother
languages,poverty,andmigrancy.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: PovertyisfoundmoreofteninCLDLpopulationsthaninmainstreampopulationsandis
alsoassociatedwithhigherriskofacademicproblems
8.Studentsfromdiverseculturalandlinguisticbackgrounds,andpovertyare
a.notatriskforeducationaldifficulties.
b.atahigherriskforeducationaldifficulties.
c.suretoreceivespecialeducationservices.
d.notgoingtoreceivespecialeducationservices.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Analyzing
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.03-Describepopulationtrendsamongculturallyandlinguistically
diverselearners,especiallyprevalencebyraceandethnicity,speakersofother
languages,poverty,andmigrancy.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: PovertyisfoundmoreofteninCLDLpopulationsthaninmainstreampopulationsandis
alsoassociatedwithhigherriskofacademicproblems
9.Culturallyresponsiveearlyinterventionprogramsprovidedbenefitsforstudentsin
a.academicperformance.
b.cognitivedevelopment.
c.generalphysicalhealth.
d.academicperformace,cognitivedevelopment,andgeneralphysicalhealth.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.03-Describepopulationtrendsamongculturallyandlinguistically
diverselearners,especiallyprevalencebyraceandethnicity,speakersofother
languages,poverty,andmigrancy.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
10.JoséisasecondgraderwithlimitedEnglishproficiency,andhehasbeguntoshowseriousacademicdifficultiesasthe
yearprogresses.Theoverallpopulationofemergentbilinguallearnersathisschoolislow.Heis________toreceive
specialeducation.
a.lesslikely b.morelikely
c.unable d.ineligible
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.04-Describehowthesepopulationtrendsaffectpubliceducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
11.Measurementbiasrefersto_____forstudentsfromculturallydiversebackgrounds.
a.thetypeoftestused
b.inaccuratetestresults
c.howthetestresultsareused
d.whetherthetestisadministeredbyapsychologistorbyateacher
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.05-Identifywaysthatpublicschoolscandecreasethe
disproportionalityofculturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearners(CDLs)inspecial
educationandsignificantlyimprovetheireducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
NOTES: Measurementbiasproduceserrorsduringthetesting,leadingtounfairorinaccuratetest
resultsthatdonotreflectthestudent’sactualabilitiesorskills.
12.Fundsofknowledgerefersto
a.multidisciplinarycollaborationthatisculturallyresponsive.
b.experiencesandknowledgeparentsandchildrenbringtoeducationalsettings.
c.monetaryresourcesforlearning.
d.resourcesthathelpbridgegapsinbuildingproductiveandsatisfactoryrelationships
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.05-Identifywaysthatpublicschoolscandecreasethe
disproportionalityofculturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearners(CDLs)inspecial
educationandsignificantlyimprovetheireducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
NOTES: Fundsofknowledgearewhatparentsandchildrenbringfromtheirownexperiences
andknowledge.Fundsofknowledgeisacontributortoschoolsuccessandencompasses
thebeliefthatallfamiliesarecompetentandhaveimportantandvaluableknowledge
basedontheirlifeexperiences.
13.Ajla,anon-English-speakingstudenthasjustbeenmovedintoyourresourceclassroom.Readingthroughherfile,
whichindicatesshehasamoderatelearningdisability,younoticethatherlanguagediversitywasnotconsidered
duringherassessmentoreducationalplanning.Ajlahas
a.receivedamulticulturaleducation.
b.beenappropriatelyplaced.
c.notbeenappropriatelyplaced.
d.receivedculturallyappropriateassessment.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.05-Identifywaysthatpublicschoolscandecreasethe
disproportionalityofculturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearners(CDLs)inspecial
educationandsignificantlyimprovetheireducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
14.Appropriateprofessionalpreparationincludestrainingin
a.culturallyandlinguisticallyresponsivepractices.
b.avoidanceofculturalconcerns.
c.reducingthestrategiesusedintheclassroom.
d.refusingtoofferintensivespecialeducationassistance.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.05-Identifywaysthatpublicschoolscandecreasethe
disproportionalityofculturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearners(CDLs)inspecial
educationandsignificantlyimprovetheireducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
15.Recognizingandunderstandingpersonalattitudesandstudents’backgroundknowledgetostrengthennewlearning
experiencesisthefocusof
a.discriminatoryassessment.
b.authenticassessment.
c.culturallyandlinguisticallyresponsiveteaching.
d.fundsofknowledge.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.05-Identifywaysthatpublicschoolscandecreasethe
disproportionalityofculturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearners(CDLs)inspecial
educationandsignificantlyimprovetheireducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
16.YouarebeginningtheassessmentprocessonMay,astudentnewtoyourdistrict.Togetabetterinsightintothe
student,youshouldseekoutvaluableinformationincludinglanguagesspokenathome,careoutsideofschooland
languagestheyspeak,andactivities.Thesecanall
a.confuseassessmentdata. b.aidinassessmentadministration.
c.aidinassessmentinterpretation. d.aidinassessmentadministrationandaidinassessmentinterpretation.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.05-Identifywaysthatpublicschoolscandecreasethe
disproportionalityofculturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearners(CDLs)inspecial
educationandsignificantlyimprovetheireducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
17.ThelanguagebarrierandlackofknowledgeaboutAmericanpublicschoolingofachild’sparentsdoesnotinfluence
a.theirabilitytofullyparticipateinthechild’slearning.
b.interactionswithschoolpersonnelandrelatedsystems.
c.themanneriswhichparentsareinvolved.
d.ifachildhasadisability.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.05-Identifywaysthatpublicschoolscandecreasethe
disproportionalityofculturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearners(CDLs)inspecial
educationandsignificantlyimprovetheireducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
NOTES: ThelanguagebarrierandlackofknowledgeaboutAmericanpublicschoolingmakeit
extremelydifficultfortheseparentstofullybenefitfrompubliceducation,thusimpacting
theirrighttofullyparticipateinandsupporttheirchildren’slearninganddevelopment.
18.U.S.publiceducationreflectsthephilosophyof
a.culturalmajority. b.linguisticminority
c.culturalminority. d.linguisticminority.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.05-Identifywaysthatpublicschoolscandecreasethe
disproportionalityofculturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearners(CDLs)inspecial
19.WhatistheprimaryfocusofanIEPforastudentfromaculturallydiversebackground?
a.Individualneedsofthechild b.Languageinstruction
c.Decreasingculturaldiversity d.Academicskills
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.06-Describeculturallyandlinguisticallyresponsivespecial
educationthatsupportsstudentlearningforCLDLs.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
NOTES: Interventionstrategiesthatconsidermulticulturalissuesmustbebasedontheindividual
needsofthechild.
20.SusanarecentlymovedtotheUnitedStatesfromSpain.HerteacherhasaskedhertohelpwithalessononSpanish
historybyhavinghertelltheclassaboutsignificantSpanishlandmarks.Thisisanexampleofusing
a.responsiveteaching.
b.aninstructionaldistraction.
c.atoolforsinglingoutculturallydiversestudents.
d.inappropriateinstruction.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.01-Describehowthelivesofstudentswithdisabilitiesfrom
culturallyand/orlinguisticallydiversebackgroundshavechangedsincetheadventof
IDEA.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
21.Impoverishedenvironmentsmayaffectchildrenbecauseof
a.inadequatenutrition. b.lackofTV.
c.languagediversity. d.genotypicdeficiency.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.03-Describepopulationtrendsamongculturallyandlinguistically
diverselearners,especiallyprevalencebyraceandethnicity,speakersofother
languages,poverty,andmigrancy.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
NOTES: Becauseofenvironmentalfactors,suchasnutrition,exposuretorisk,andlimitedhealth
care,achildfromanimpoverishedenvironmentmaybeadverselyaffected.
22.Languageacquisitionisaidedby
a.speakingonlyonelanguage. b.discountingbasicinterpersonal
communicationskills.
c.theamountandtypeoflanguageinteractionsbetweenthe
childandparents.
d.limitinglinguisticexperiences.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.04-Describehowthesepopulationtrendsaffectpubliceducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: Becausealllearningislanguage-based,vocabularyknowledgeisacriticalelementof
thelanguagedevelopmentandschoolreadinessofyoungchildren.Subsequently,another
majorriskfactorforschoolsuccessinchildrenfrompoverty,nomattertheirrace,
gender,orethnicgroup,istheirreducednumberoflanguageinteractionswithparents
andothers.
23.Movingfromcitytocitycanaffectachild’s
a.continuityofservice. b.academicprogress.
c.abilitytoobtainservices. d.continuityofservice,academicprogress,andabilitytoobtainservices.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.04-Describehowthesepopulationtrendsaffectpubliceducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
NOTES: Migrancyposessignificantchallengesforchildren,families,andschoolsystems,and
theirlearning.Itisnowonderthatmigrantchildrenexperiencemajorchallengesin
achievingsolidschoolsuccessanddevelopingenduringrelationshipswithpeers,
teachers,andotheradults
24.Whichfactorcontributestospecialeducationplacementofstudentsfromculturallydiversebackgrounds?
a.Familymobility b.Maternallanguagedeficiencies
c.Lackofdesiretolearn d.Healthfactorssuchastoxoplasmosis
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.05-Identifywaysthatpublicschoolscandecreasethe
disproportionalityofculturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearners(CDLs)inspecial
educationandsignificantlyimprovetheireducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.6.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusefoundational
knowledgeofthefieldandtheirprofessionalEthicalPrinciplesandPracticeStandards
toinformspecialeducationpractice,toengageinlifelonglearning,andtoadvancetheir
profession.
NOTES: Migrancymaycreatelittleaccesstoservicesbecauseofshort-termenrollmentsthat
theyareneveridentifiedorreferredasneedingspecializedassistance.
25.Mostchildrenfromculturallydiversebackgrounds
a.requirespecialeducation.
b.donotrequirespecialeducation.
c.requirelanguageinstructionandspecialeducation.
d.cannotnotbeservedingeneraleducation.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.05-Identifywaysthatpublicschoolscandecreasethe
disproportionalityofculturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearners(CDLs)inspecial
educationandsignificantlyimprovetheireducation.
HESC.HARD.17.05.07-Identifypromisingchangesinpubliceducationthatsupport
culturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearnerswithdisabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
NOTES: Mostchildrenfromculturallydiversebackgroundsdonotrequirespecialeducation.
Althoughmanyfactorsmayplacesuchstudentsatriskforspecialeducationreferral,
generaleducationmaymeettheirneeds.
26.Modifiedculturalpluralismistheideathatculturalgroupsmaintaintheiruniquecharacteristicswhileworkingacross
culturegroupstobuildrelationships.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.06-Describeculturallyandlinguisticallyresponsivespecial
educationthatsupportsstudentlearningforCLDLs.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
27.Themeltingpotperspectivereflectsthegoalsofmulticulturaleducation.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.02-Describethepurposesandapproachesofbilingual/ESL
educationandculturallyandlinguisticallyresponsiveeducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
28.Authenticassessmentsshouldnotbeusedwhenmakingeducationaldecisionsforemergentbilinguallearners.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.05-Identifywaysthatpublicschoolscandecreasethe
disproportionalityofculturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearners(CDLs)inspecial
educationandsignificantlyimprovetheireducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
29.StudentswhohavelimitedEnglishproficiencyareatriskforbeingdisproportionallyplacedinspecialeducation.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Analyzing
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.03-Describepopulationtrendsamongculturallyandlinguistically
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
30.Authenticassessment,orperformancebasedassessment,canbeawaytoreducebiaswhendeterminingastudent’s
cognitiveorlanguageabilities.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.07-Identifypromisingchangesinpubliceducationthatsupport
culturallyandlinguisticallydiverselearnerswithdisabilities.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
31.Parentsofchildrenwithdisabilitieswhoarefromculturallyorlinguisticallydiversebackgroundshaveseveral
advantagesininteractingwiththeleducationsysteminschools.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Analyzing
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.04-Describehowthesepopulationtrendsaffectpubliceducation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
32.Migrancyamongculturallydiversepopulationsmaycontributetoacademicdifficulties.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.03-Describepopulationtrendsamongculturallyandlinguistically
diverselearners,especiallyprevalencebyraceandethnicity,speakersofother
languages,poverty,andmigrancy.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
33.StudentsfromculturallydiversebackgroundsmustalwayshaveanIEP.
a.True
b.False
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.05.01-Describehowthelivesofstudentswithdisabilitiesfrom
culturallyand/orlinguisticallydiversebackgroundshavechangedsincetheadventof
IDEA.