45.Distinguishbetweenatieredsystemofsupportanduniversaldesign.Describethedifferencebetweenthethree
characteristicsofevidencebasedinstruction,individualization,intensiveinstruction,andan“educationforall”
approachtoteachingandlearning.
ANSWER: Individualization:Astudent-centeredapproachtoinstructionaldecisionmaking.
Thedefininghallmarkofspecialeducationhasalwaysbeenindividualization—
developingandimplementinganappropriateeducationalexperiencebasedonthe
individualneedsofeachstudent.
Intensiveinstruction:Frequentinstructionalexperiencesofsignificantduration.
Theinstructionalapproachofintensiveinstructioninvolves(1)activelyengaging
studentsintheirlearningbyrequiringhighratesofappropriateresponsetothe
materialpresented,(2)carefullymatchinginstructiontostudentability,interests,
andskilllevel,(3)providinginstructionalcuesandpromptstosupportlearningand
thenfadingthemwhenappropriate,and(4)providingdetailedfeedbackthatis
directlyfocusedonthetaskthestudentisexpectedtocomplete.Intensive
instructionmayinvolvebothgroupandone-to-onelearning.
An“educationforall”approachtoteachingandlearning:Developingand
adaptinginstructiontomeettheneedsofeverystudent.Noteverystudentlearns
inthesamewayoratthesamerate.Somestudentsdonotlearnasquicklyoras
efficientlyastheirclassmatesandareconstantlyfightingabattleagainsttimeand
failure.Despitethesechallenges,however,allstudents,includingthosewith
disabilities,canlearntherequiredskillsthatwillorientthemtowardstrivingfor
successratherthanfightingagainstfailure.Successcanbeachievedonlywhen
educatorsremainflexible,constantlyadjustingtomeettheneedsoftheirstudents.