62) A union shop is a
A) strike by a union in sympathy with another union’s strike or cause.
B) dispute involving two or more unions over which should have control of a particular
jurisdiction.
C) business enterprise in which employees must belong to the union before they can be hired and
must remain in the union after they are hired.
D) business which may hire nonunion members conditional on their joining the union by some
specified date after employment begins.
63) A disagreement involving two or more unions over which should have control over a
particular firm or industry is
A) a closed shop.
B) a union shop.
C) a jurisdictional dispute.
D) an industrial union.
64) A jurisdictional dispute is a
A) strike by a union in sympathy with another union’s strike or cause.
B) dispute involving two or more unions over which should have control of a particular
jurisdiction.
C) business enterprise in which employees must belong to the union before they can be hired and
must remain in the union after they are hired.
D) legal environment in which businesses may hire nonunion members conditional on their
joining the union by some specified date after employment begins.
65) The employees of Aunt Smith’s cookies are on strike. Jane has decided not to shop at any
store that is still selling Aunt Smith’s cookies. This is known as
A) a closed shop.
B) a union shop.
C) a sympathy strike.
D) a secondary boycott.
66) The welders’ union at Ajax is on strike. The maintenance union has decided to walk out in
support of the welders’ union. This is known as
A) a closed shop.
B) a union shop.
C) a sympathy strike.
D) a secondary boycott.
67) A right-to-work law makes it illegal
A) to prevent union members from working in any firm.
B) to fire a worker who has joined a union or who tries to organize a union at any firm.
C) to inquire whether a prospective employee is a member of a union or not.
D) for union membership to be a requirement for continued employment in any firm.
68) Legislation that makes it illegal to require union membership as a condition of continuing
employment is the
A) National Labor Relations Act.
B) Wagner Act.
C) Congress of Industrial Organizations.
D) collection of right-to-work laws.
69) The Taft-Hartley Act made all of the following illegal EXCEPT
A) jurisdictional disputes.
B) the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
C) make-to-work laws.
D) closed shops.
70) The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 made
A) union shops illegal.
B) closed shops illegal.
C) sympathy strikes legal.
D) secondary boycotts legal.
71) The United Auto Workers is striking against Ford. The Teamsters refuse to deliver steel to
Ford. This is an example of
A) a jurisdictional dispute and is illegal under the Taft-Hartley Act.
B) a secondary boycott and is illegal under the Taft-Hartley Act.
C) a sympathy strike and is illegal under the Taft-Hartley Act.
D) a closed shop and is illegal under the Wagner Act.
72) Which statement concerning powers granted the President of the United States by the Taft-
Hartley Act is TRUE?
A) The President can obtain an injunction that will stop a strike, if the strike involves
government workers only.
B) The President can require management to negotiate with a union and if the firm’s management
refuses, the President can appoint an arbitrator to resolve the conflict.
C) The President can obtain an injunction that will stop a strike for an eighty-day “cooling off”
period if the strike is expected to imperil national safety or health.
D) The President can obtain an injunction that will stop a strike indefinitely.
73) Since the 1970s, union membership in the U.S. has been
A) rising.
B) remaining constant.
C) declining.
D) erratic.
74) Which of the following has been the largest organized group of U.S. unions during the past
50 years?
A) AFL-CIO
B) AFL
C) CIO
D) Change to Win
75) In 2005, which union organization was formed out of the AFL-CIO membership?
A) National Brotherhood of Teamsters
B) Service Employees International Union
C) American Federation of Workers
D) Change to Win
76) Recently, two construction industry unions also left the AFL-CIO and joined with
ironworkers and bricklayers unions to form
A) the National Brotherhood of Teamsters.
B) the National Construction Alliance.
C) the American Federation of Workers.
D) Change to Win.
77) Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for declining union membership in the
United States?
A) The economy has shifted away from manufacturing.
B) The AFL-CIO merger and creation of the Change to Win Federation reduced competition
among unions.
C) Some industries have been deregulated.
D) Labor force participation by women has increased.
78) Which of the following is one of the reasons for declining union membership in the United
States?
A) Much of the unskilled, nonunionized work in the United States is done by immigrant workers
who are undocumented.
B) The AFL-CIO merger and creation of the Change to Win Federation reduced competition
among unions.
C) the repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act
D) Labor force participation by women has decreased.
79) The U.S. labor movement started
A) with local craft unions composed of workers who engaged in a particular trade or skill, such
as baking, carpentry or plumbing.
B) during the Civil War.
C) after World War I.
D) with the Knights of Labor, an organized group of both skilled and unskilled workers.
80) The U.S. labor movement started with
A) aerospace workers unions.
B) industrial unions.
C) craft unions.
D) depression unions.
81) The American Federation of Labor was formed in 1886 as a dissident group from the
A) Knights of Labor.
B) Knights of Pythias.
C) Masonic Lodge.
D) Knights of Columbus.
82) The founder of the American Federation of Labor was
A) John L. Lewis.
B) Samuel Gompers.
C) Walter Reuther.
D) Ralph Nader.
83) The other name for the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 is
A) the Wagner Act.
B) the Taft-Hartley Act.
C) the Clayton Act.
D) the Wheeler-Lea Act.
84) The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was formed in 1938 by
A) John L. Lewis.
B) Samuel Gompers.
C) Walter Reuther.
D) Ralph Nader.
85) Which of the following laws made “closed shops” unlawful?
A) Taft-Hartley Act
B) National Industrial Recovery Act
C) National Labor Relations Act
D) Railway Workers Act
86) Which of the following type of shops is unlawful under the provisions of the Taft-Hartley
Act?
A) union shops
B) closed shops
C) modified union shops
D) open shops
87) Laws that outlaw union shops and which may be passed (or not) by individual states are
called
A) Smoot-Hawley laws.
B) pro-scab laws.
C) free-rider laws.
D) right-to-work laws.
88) The first type of labor unions that emerged in the United States were
A) industrial unions.
B) craft unions.
C) professional unions.
D) transportation unions.
89) If you get a job and are required to join the union within a month, this is known as a(n)
A) closed shop.
B) open shop.
C) agency shop.
D) union shop.
90) If you get a job and are never required to join the union, this is known as a(n)
A) closed shop.
B) open shop.
C) agency shop.
D) union shop.
91) If you want to become an actor, and you must join the Screen Actors Guild after your first
job, the Screen Actors Guild is a(n)
A) closed shop.
B) open shop.
C) agency shop.
D) union shop.
92) The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)
A) prohibited the creation of company unions.
B) guaranteed workers the right to organize.
C) set the minimum wage at $5.15 an hour.
D) set the length of the workweek at 40 hours.
93) Which type of collective bargaining agreement requires workers to be union members prior
to being considered for employment?
A) right-to-work
B) union shop
C) open shop
D) closed shop
94) A jurisdictional dispute means that
A) members of a union disagree on the outcome of union elections.
B) a higher court reversed the decision of a lower court in a case brought by a union.
C) a union leadership and membership cannot agree on an issue.
D) two unions disagree on which should represent workers in a particular industry.
95) A secondary boycott is
A) illegal according to the Taft-Hartley Act.
B) a legal way to support striking workers.
C) illegal according to the Wagner Act.
D) legal according to the Sherman Act.
96) A labor union composed of workers in the same occupation is called
A) a craft union.
B) an industrial union.
C) a company union.
D) a closed shop.
97) Craft unions exert market control by
A) limiting the demand for labor.
B) limiting the supply of labor.
C) setting minimum wages.
D) setting maximum wages.
98) A labor union composed of workers in the same industry is called
A) a craft union.
B) an industrial union.
C) a company shop.
D) a guild.
99) The Taft-Hartley Act outlawed all of the following practices EXCEPT
A) secondary boycotts.
B) union shops.
C) closed shops.
D) sympathy strikes.
100) A plumbers’ union is an example of
A) an industrial union.
B) a craft union.
C) skilled workers union.
D) auxiliary union.
101) A union of all workers from a particular industry is a(n)
A) craft union.
B) conglomerate union.
C) industrial union.
D) expansive union.
102) A situation in which union membership is required before a person can be hired is a
A) closed shop.
B) union shop.
C) agency shop.
D) restricted shop.
103) The 1935 Act granting workers the right to form unions and bargain collectively is known
as
A) the National Labor Relations Act or Wagner Act.
B) the Wheeler Act.
C) the Taft-Hartley Act.
D) the Modernization Act.
104) A situation in which a worker can be hired without being in a union but has to join a union
after a specified period of time is a
A) closed shop.
B) union shop.
C) open shop.
D) restricted shop.
105) A right-to-work law is
A) a federal law making the closed shop illegal.
B) a federal law making the union shop illegal.
C) a state law making the union shop illegal.
D) a state law making the open shop illegal.
106) Suppose that under its collective bargaining agreement the XYZ Corp. can hire nonunion
workers, but these workers must join the union within 60 days. This agreement is an example of
A) an open shop.
B) a closed shop.
C) a company union.
D) a union shop.
107) Right-to-work laws
A) make it illegal to require union membership as a condition of continuing employment in a
particular firm.
B) make it illegal to require a union member to work abroad.
C) make it illegal for a state to pass any laws regarding union membership.
D) make a closed shop arrangement a legal condition that allows employees to obtain a particular
job.
108) Suppose that under its collective bargaining agreement, the XYZ Co. can only hire union
members in good standing at the time of hiring. XYZ Co. is
A) a union shop.
B) a closed shop.
C) an open shop.
D) a company union.
109) Which of the following is FALSE regarding unions?
A) The American Federation of Labor (AFL), composed of craft unions, was formed in 1886
under the leadership of Samuel Gompers.
B) For a period after World War I the government temporarily stopped protecting labor’s right to
organize.
C) During the Great Depression, legislation was passed that made collective bargaining illegal.
D) The AFL and the CIO merged in 1955.
110) State right-to-work laws
A) prohibit discrimination in hiring.
B) force companies to submit to Equal Employment Opportunities Commission arbitration in
disputes.
C) encourage companies to hire minorities.
D) make compulsory union membership illegal.
111) All of the following are true regarding the current status of labor unions EXCEPT
A) organized labor’s heyday occurred from the 1940s through the 1970s.
B) part of the explanation for the decline in union membership has to do with the shift away from
manufacturing.
C) the deregulation of certain industries has also contributed to a decline in unionism.
D) recent labor laws have diminished worker’s rights.
112) Currently about what percentage of the civilian labor force is unionized in the United
States?
A) 1 percent
B) 12 percent
C) 55 percent
D) 70 percent
113) What time period in U.S. history do we generally recognize as the peak of labor union
membership?
A) 1900s-1920s
B) 1920s-1940s
C) 1940s-1970s
D) 1970s-2000s
114) Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the status of U.S. labor unions?
A) Today fewer than one in eight workers is a union member.
B) A key reason for the decline in union membership is the relative decline in manufacturing
jobs as a share of total employment.
C) Greater domestic and global competition has had a part in bringing about a decline in unions.
D) Global trade has increased the number of union members in the United States.
115) A work stoppage by a union in solidarity with another union’s cause is known as a
A) secondary boycott.
B) sympathy strike.
C) jurisdictional dispute.
D) primary boycott.
116) Since the 1960s, the share of the labor force that is unionized in the United States has
A) increased except for the government sector.
B) increased.
C) declined.
D) declined except in the private sector.
117) The largest labor union in the United States is the
A) National Education Association.
B) International Brotherhood of Teamsters.
C) United Food and Commercial Workers International Union.
D) Service Employees International Union.
118) Collective bargaining
A) has nothing to do with fringe benefits.
B) is bargaining between unions and management.
C) is illegal in many states.
D) is practiced in non-union related disputes.
119) Distinguish between craft unions and industrial unions.
120) Discuss the significant laws passed since the Great Depression that affect labor-
management relations.
121) Distinguish between a closed shop and a union shop. Are either or both shops legal?
Explain.
40
122) What was the overall trend of U.S. union membership beginning the 1960s? What was the
main reason behind that trend?
29.2 Union Goals and Strategies
1) The impact of a strike is limited to the ability of the union to
A) prevent replacement workers from continuing their work.
B) lower its wage demands of non-union members.
C) control the pension fund.
D) none of the above.
2) Which of the following would increase the demand for union labor?
A) increasing worker productivity
B) increasing the demand for union made goods
C) decreasing the demand for non-union-manufactured goods
D) all of the above