DISC: The role of government
United States – BPROG: Analytic
The role of government
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
139. In the United States, the wage premium for college education has been
a.
decreasing since 1980.
b.
increasing since 1980.
c.
higher for males.
d.
decreasing since 1990.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
140. With regard to investments in human capital, China has been
a.
devoting resources to investment in education that could have been used for consumer goods.
b.
upgrading its school systems.
c.
sending many Chinese students to universities in other countries.
d.
all of the above
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
141. The wage premium in the United States represents a
a.
cost of higher education.
b.
decreasing return to higher education.
c.
higher return to college education.
d.
result of declining college attendance since 1973.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
142. The wage premium in the United States has risen consistently starting in
a.
1973.
b.
1975.
c.
1978.
d.
1983.
c
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
143. If a larger percentage of Americans attended college, the wage premium would probably
a.
b.
c.
d.
Difficult
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
144. As the economy becomes more technologically sophisticated, the wage premium can be expected to
a.
b.
c.
d.
a
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
145. The expansion of information technology and the increasing complexity of the economy should make the wage
premium
a.
b.
c.
d.
a
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
146. The experience of the Soviet Union proves that higher education
a.
always leads to productivity increases.
b.
always raises per capita GDP growth.
c.
has different effects.
d.
has positive effects.
c
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
147. The lack of a universal productivity effect of higher education was demonstrated by the experience of
a.
the United Kingdom.
b.
Ireland.
c.
France.
d.
the Soviet Union.
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
148. On-the-job training is the one area of education in the United States most influenced by the
a.
business sector.
b.
government sector.
c.
household sector.
d.
foreign sector.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
149. The business sector in the United States has the most influence on
a.
primary education.
b.
on-the-job training.
c.
teacher training.
d.
higher education.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
150. Mandated on-the-job training is seen in the United States mainly as a(n)
a.
useful spur to economic growth.
b.
proper use of legislative power.
c.
unwarranted governmental interference.
d.
necessary requirement for increased productivity.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
151. The type of human capital formation that occurs in the business sector is called
a.
vocational education.
b.
business education.
c.
on-the-job training.
d.
productivity enhancement.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Improving Education And Training
152. Getting more output from a given amount of inputs is usually the result of increases in
a.
the labor force.
b.
technology.
c.
the capital stock.
d.
investment.
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
153. Increases in the supply of scientists and engineers can increase the level of
a.
investment.
b.
consumption.
c.
government spending.
d.
technology.
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
154. Technological change in modern societies is most likely the result of increases in
a.
machine building.
b.
more natural resource use.
c.
education.
d.
the labor force.
c
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
155. The new growth theory emphasizes the critical role of ____ in modern economic growth.
a.
new machinery
b.
new knowledge
c.
new natural resources
d.
new government programs
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
156. The new growth theory would be most likely to lend support for increased government support for
a.
land acquisition.
b.
natural resource development.
c.
stricter environmental standards.
d.
higher education.
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
157. Which department in a modern university would most likely advertise itself as a promoter of modern growth theory?
a.
computer science
b.
accounting
c.
economics
d.
history
a
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Reflective Thinking – BPROG: Analysis
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
158. The school of engineering at a modern university would be a supporter of the new
a.
consumption theory.
b.
growth theory.
c.
monetary theory.
d.
construction theory.
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
159. The new growth theory helps attract foreign students to study in
a.
the former Soviet Union.
b.
France.
c.
the United States.
d.
the Peoples Republic of China.
c
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
160. To promote rapid economic growth, the new growth theory would argue for increased scholarships in
a.
women’s studies.
b.
deconstructionist literature.
c.
post-modern sociology.
d.
biology.
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
161. Higher rates of productivity growth are most closely associated with higher rates of
a.
consumer spending.
b.
investment spending.
c.
government spending.
d.
import spending.
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
162. Higher rates of investment spending contribute most to higher levels of
a.
political progress.
b.
consumption spending.
c.
technological progress.
d.
government development.
c
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
163. The act of discovering a new production process would be called
a.
invention.
b.
innovation.
c.
investment.
d.
development.
a
Easy
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
164. The act of putting a new product on the market in order to make profits is called
a.
invention.
b.
innovation.
c.
investment.
d.
development.
Easy
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
165. The process of invention is the act of
a.
introducing a new product into the market.
b.
applying a process in a new area of the market.
c.
discovering a new process or product.
d.
adopting an innovation to a profitable use.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
166. The process of innovation is the act of
a.
discovering a new production process.
b.
discovering a new product.
c.
basic scientific research.
d.
adopting a new product to a market demand.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
167. The process of research and development
a.
always leads to useful products.
b.
almost never leads to useful products.
c.
often involves a waste of resources.
d.
is usually conducted in governmental laboratories.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
168. The U.S. government attempts to spur research and development activities through
a.
monetary policy.
b.
interest rate policy.
c.
export subsidy policy.
d.
tax policy.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
169. U.S. government policy to stimulate research and development activities would be most likely to succeed if it
involved
a.
interest rate policy.
b.
corporate tax policy.
c.
personal income tax policy.
d.
payroll tax policy.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Reflective Thinking – BPROG: Analysis
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
170. The Human Genome Project is a useful example of
a.
private sector research and development.
b.
government-conducted research.
c.
household research.
d.
a and b.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
171. The Internet was first developed in the
a.
business sector.
b.
government sector.
c.
corporate sector.
d.
college dorm room of Bill Gates.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
172. Nearly half of federal government research and development spending takes place in the
a.
National Science Foundation.
b.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
c.
Department of Defense.
d.
Federal Office of Technology Policy.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
Growth Policy: Spurring Technological Change
173. Compared to the 1948 to 1973 period, the period from 1973 to 1995 can be characterized as a period of
a.
faster real GDP growth.
b.
faster labor productivity growth.
c.
slower labor productivity growth.
d.
lower labor force growth.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
174. Long-term productivity growth trends have resulted in the
a.
increased predominance of the British economy.
b.
relative decline of the U.S. relative to the U.K.
c.
relative decline of the Japanese economy.
d.
relative growth of the Japanese economy.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
175. From 1973 to 1995 the growth rate of labor productivity in the U.S. was approximately
a.
−0.8%.
b.
1.4%.
c.
2.9%.
d.
5.1%.
b
1
Easy
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
176. From 1973 to 1995, productivity of labor in the U.S.
a.
declined because of reduced capital formation.
b.
declined because of slower technological improvement.
c.
increased because of expanded technological improvement.
d.
increased because of expanded technological improvement.
b
1
Easy
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
177. Over long periods of time, labor productivity growth rates must differ by at least ____ percent to yield significant
differences in standards of living.
a.
1
b.
5
c.
10
d.
15
a
1
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
178. Which of the following was not a factor that contributed to improved productivity from 1995 to 2009?
a.
surging investment
b.
falling energy prices
c.
advances in information technology
d.
decreased costs for higher education
United States – Analytic – BB-Legal
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
179. Which period of recent U.S. history shows the lowest rates of productivity growth?
a.
1948-1973
b.
1973-1995
c.
1995-2000
d.
All periods had similar growth rates.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
180. One reason given for the U.S. productivity slowdown in the period from 1973-1995 was
a.
declining energy prices.
b.
increasing energy prices.
c.
increasing investment spending.
d.
increasing government spending.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
181. In contrast to the United States, countries like Japan and Germany have
a.
higher rates of saving and investment.
b.
higher rates of saving but lower rates of investment.
c.
lower rates of saving but higher rates of investment.
d.
lower rates of saving and investment.
a
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Reflective Thinking – BPROG: Analysis
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
182. An explanation for the slowdown in U.S. productivity growth in the 1973-1995 period was higher oil prices caused
by
a.
the CIA.
b.
the WTO.
c.
the IMF.
d.
OPEC.
Easy
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
183. The argument that rising energy prices caused the decline in U.S. productivity in the 1970s is made less believable
due to the
a.
falling level of saving in the 1970s.
b.
falling level of energy prices in the 1980s.
c.
rising level of energy prices in the 1980s.
d.
rising level of energy prices in the 1990s.
Moderate
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
184. The productivity slowdown in the U.S. from 1973 to 1995
a.
can be explained easily with economic theory.
b.
continued into the third millennium.
c.
still confuses economists.
d.
was a continuation of the slowdown from 1948 to 1973.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
185. Higher energy prices can be used to explain the productivity slowdown in the period from
a.
1948 to 1973.
b.
1973 to 1995.
c.
1973 to 1980.
d.
1995 to 2000.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
186. Higher energy prices can be used to adequately explain the productivity slowdown in
a.
the United States and the rest of the world.
b.
the United States but not the rest of the world.
c.
the rest of the world but not the United States.
d.
neither the United States nor the rest of the world.
DISC: Productivity and growth
United States – BPROG: Analytic
Productivity and growth
The Productivity Slowdown and Speed-Up in The United States
187. Workforce explanations of the productivity changes in the 1973-1995 period include
a.
rising SAT scores.
b.
declining SAT scores.
c.
rising educational attainment.
d.
falling levels of average educational attainment.
DISC: Productivity and growth