37.Amajorgoalofmedicaltreatmentforspinalcordinjuryisto​
a.​stabilizethespine.
b.​manageacuteswelling.
c.​preventfurthercomplications.
d.​stabilizethespine,manageacuteswelling,andpreventfurthercomplications.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
38.Themajorgoaloftreatmentforapersonwithaspinalcordinjuryis​
a.​emotionalstability.
b.​achievementofindependencetothemaximumdegreepossible.
c.​restoringtheuseofaffectedlimbs.
d.​vocationaltraining.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: Thegoalofalltreatmentistohelpaninjuredpersonbecomeasindependentaspossible.
39.Thetreatmentformusculardystrophyinvolves​
a.​maintainingfunctioning.
b.​keepingtheindividualambulatoryforaslongaspossible.
c.​improvingfunctioning.
d.maintainingfunctioning,​keepingtheindividualambulatoryforaslongaspossible,andimprovingfunctioning.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
40.Absenceseizuresarecharacterizedby​
a.​verbaloutbursts.
b.​briefperiodsofinattention.
c.​irregularbreathing.
d.​increasedphysicalactivity.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: Absenceseizuresarecharacterizedbybriefsuddenlapseofconsciousness.
41.Thecauseofaseizuredisorderincludes​
a.​tumorsofthebrain.
b.​complicationsofheadtrauma.
c.​infectionsofthecentralnervoussystem.
d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: Thecausesofseizuredisorderaremany,includingperinatalfactors,tumorsofthebrain,
complicationsofheadtrauma,infectionsofthecentralnervoussystem,vascular
diseases,alcoholism,infection,maternalinjuryorinfection,andgeneticfactors.
42.Diabetesisaconditioninwhichthereis​an
a.​inadequatesecretionofinsulin.
b.​excessofinsulin.
c.​abnormaldecreaseofglucoseintheblood.
d.​excessofglucoseinliverandmuscles.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: Diabetesisaconditioninwhichthereisinadequatesecretionofinsulin.
43.Treatmentforyoungpeoplewithcysticfibrosisshouldinclude​
a.​dietmanagement.
b.​managementofrespiratorydisease.
c.​counselingorpsychiatricsupport.
d.​​dietmanagement,managementofrespiratorydisease,andcounselingorpsychiatricsupport.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: Treatmentforyoungpeoplewithcysticfibrosisshouldincludedietmanagement,
managementofrespiratorydisease,andcounselingorpsychiatricsupport.
44.Thetraumacausedbytherapidaccelerationordecelerationofthebrainmaycause​
a.​thetearingofimportantnervefibersinthebrain.
b.​thebruisingofthebrain.
c.​brainsteminjuries.
d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
TOPICS: Thetraumacausedbytherapidaccelerationofdecelerationofthebrainmaycausethe
tearingofimportantnervefibersinthebrainitselfasitundergoestheimpactwiththe
skull,brainsteminjuries,andswellingofthebrain.
45.​ThesignatureinjuryofveteransoftheIraqandAfghanistanwarsis
a.​cysticfibrosis.
b.​HIV/AIDS.
c.​epilepsy.
d.​TBI.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
46.Forsmallchildren,themostcommoncauseofTBIis​
a.​automobileaccidents.
b.​shortfalls.
c.​shaking.
d.​physicalabuse.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
47.ThesinglemostpreventativeriskfactorofTBIis​
a.​fallsfromashortdistance.
b.​firearms.
c.​alcoholusage.
d.​physicalabuse.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
48.Susanhasbeenobservedtohaveaninabilitytoexpressherownthoughtsanddesires.ItispossiblethatSusanhas​
a.​processingdisorder.
b.​echolalia.
c.​expressiveaphasia.
d.​receptiveaphasia.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: Expressiveaphasiaisaninabilitytoexpressone’sownthoughtsanddesires.
49.Generally,individualswithTBIwillneedservicesandsupportsinthefollowingarea(s):​
a.​cognition.
b.​speechandlanguage.
c.​socialandbehavioralskills.
d.​cognition,speechandlanguage,andsocialandbehavioralskills.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
50.NeuromotorproblemsassociatedwithTBIinclude​
a.​poorhand-eyecoordination.
b.​impairedbalance.
c.​reducedstamina.
d.​poorhand-eyecoordination,impairedbalance,andreducedstamina.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
51.Amedicalinnovationthatprovidesmedicalprofessionalswithessentialnormativeinformationabouttheextentofthe
TBIascomparedtouninjuredbrainsis​
a.​computerizedtomography(CT)scans.
b.​ultrasound.
c.​X-ray.
d.​bariumimaging.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
52.Ardenhashadaheadinjurythathassetthestageforseriousinfectionsofthecentralnervoussystem.Itislikelythat
Ardenhasa​
a.​concussion.
b.​contusion.
c.​skullfracture.
d.​epiduralhemorrhage.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
53.Aclearsignofaconcussionis​
a.​reducedenergy.
b.​aseverelyelevatedtemperature.
c.​adilatedpupil.
d.​Noneoftheanswersarecorrect.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
NOTES: Oneclearindicationofaconcussionisadilatedpupil.Thisisoftenthefirstthingthata
sportstrainerorphysicianlooksforinaninjuredathleteorheadinjuryvictim.
54.Thecollectingofbloodbetweenthecoveringofthebrainandthebrainitselfisa(n)​
a.​concussion.
b.​contusion.
c.​epiduralhematoma.
d.​subduralhematoma.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
55.Thefirststageofinterventionfortraumaticbraininjuryinvolves​
a.​orientingthechild,anddeliveringappropriatepsychologicalinterventions.
b.​treatingswellingandbleeding,minimizingcomplications,andreducingthelevelofcoma.
c.​checkingforage-appropriateskillsandbehaviors.
d.​providingappropriatephysicaltherapy.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
NOTES: Asaffirmedbymedicalresearchandclinicalpractice,thefirststageofinterventionfor
traumaticbraininjuryinvolvestreatingswellingandbleeding,minimizingcomplications,
andreducingthelevelofcoma.
56.Educationalinterventionsfocuson​
a.​learningcausation.
b.​environmentalchanges(consistent,routines,schedules,etc.).
c.​transitionissuesrelatedtoreturningthechildoryouthtoschoolsettings.
d.​environmentalchangesandtransitionissuesrelatedtoreturningthechildoryouthtoschoolsettings.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.7.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscollaboratewith
familiesandothereducators,relatedservicesproviders,individualswithexceptionalities,
andpersonnelfromcommunityagenciesinculturallyresponsivewaystoaddressthe
needsofindividualswithexceptionalitiesacrossarangeoflearningexperiences.
NOTES: Assupportedbycurrenteducationpracticeandresearch,educationalinterventions
focusonspecificteachingframeworksinformedbyresearchaboutlearningandthe
brain,environmentalchanges(consistent,routines,schedules,etc.),andtransitionissues
relatedtoreturningthechildoryouthtoschoolsettings.
57.Educationalinterventionsaredirectedat​
a.​improvingstudents’generalproblemsolvingandplanningbehaviors.
b.​developingsocialbehaviorsandimprovinginitiativetaking.
c.​restoringorlearningexpressiveandreceptivelanguageskills.
d.​Alloftheanswersarecorrect.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
UnitedStates-CEC.7.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscollaboratewith
familiesandothereducators,relatedservicesproviders,individualswithexceptionalities,
andpersonnelfromcommunityagenciesinculturallyresponsivewaystoaddressthe
needsofindividualswithexceptionalitiesacrossarangeoflearningexperiences.
NOTES: Asaffirmedbyclinicalpracticeandrelatedresearch,educationalinterventionsare
58.ChildrenwithADHDmaybedescribedas​
a.​fidgety.
b.​impulsive.
c.​havingadeficitinacademicperformance.
d.​​fidgety,impulsive,andhavingadeficitinacademicperformance.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.13-DescribeADHD,itsprevalence,causation,andrelated
interventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
59.NearlyoneintenchildrenintheUnitedStatesisaffectedby​
a.​seizuredisorders(epilepsy).
b.​attentiondeficit/hyperactivitydisorder.
c.​asthma.
d.​diabetes.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.07-Describeasthma,itsprevalence,causation.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
60.​_________isamedicalimagingtechniqueusedinradiologytovisualizeinternalstructuresofthebodyindetail.
a.​Functionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)
b.​Computerizedtomography(CT)
c.​Voxel-basedmorphometry(VBM)
d.​Magneticresonanceimaging(MRI)
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.03-Describespinabifida,itsprevalence,causation,andrelated
interventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
61.________isaneuroimaginganalysistechniquethatallowsinvestigationofspecificareasofbrainanatomy.​
a.​Voxel-basedmorphometry(VBM)
b.​Functionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)
c.​Magneticresonanceimaging(MRI)
d.​Computerizedtomography(CT)
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.03-Describespinabifida,itsprevalence,causation,andrelated
interventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
62.Identifythreeofthedisabilitiesthatmayaccompanycerebralpalsy.​
ANSWER: 1)Hearingimpairments;2)Speechandlanguagedisorders;3)Intellectualdeficits;4)
Visualimpairments;5)Generalperceptualproblems​
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.02-Describecerebralpalsy,itsprevalence,causation,andrelated
interventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
63.Treatmentandcontrolofabsenceseizuresaregenerallyachievedthroughbehaviortherapy.​
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.12-Describetraumaticbraininjury,itsprevalence,causation,and
relatedinterventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
64.Juvenilediabetesislessseverethanadultdiabetes.​
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.09-Describediabetes,itsprevalence,causation,andrelated
interventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
65.GirlswithADHDaremorelikelythanboystoevidenceproblemsindevelopingschool-relatedacademicorbehavior
skills.​
a.True
b.False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.14.13-DescribeADHD,itsprevalence,causation,andrelated
interventions.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.