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Macroeconomics, 8e (Abel/Bernanke/Croushore)
Chapter 13 Exchange Rates, Business Cycles, and Macroeconomic Policy in the Open
Economy
13.1 Exchange Rates
1) The price of one currency in terms of another is called
A) the exchange rate.
B) purchasing power parity.
C) the terms of trade.
D) a currency band.
2) An exchange-rate system in which the nominal exchange rate is set by the government is
known as
A) a flexible-exchange-rate system.
B) a floating-exchange-rate system.
C) a fixed-exchange-rate system.
D) an exchange-rate union.
3) The Bretton Woods system relied on
A) a flexible-exchange-rate system.
B) a floating-exchange-rate system.
C) a fixed-exchange-rate system.
D) an exchange-rate union.
4) The real exchange rate is
A) the price of one currency in terms of another.
B) the price of domestic goods relative to foreign goods.
C) the quantity of gold that can be purchased by one unit of currency.
D) the difference in interest rates between two countries.
5) When the domestic currency strengthens under a fixed-exchange-rate system, this is called
A) a depreciation.
B) an appreciation.
C) a devaluation.
D) a revaluation.
6) Three-wheel cars made in North Edsel are sold for 5000 pounds. Four-wheel cars made in
South Edsel are sold for 10,000 marks. The real exchange rate between North and South Edsel is
four three-wheel cars for three four-wheel cars. The nominal exchange rate between the two
countries is
A) 0.50 marks/pound.
B) 0.66 marks/pound.
C) 1.50 marks/pound.
D) 2.00 marks/pound.
7) Three-wheel cars made in North Edsel are sold for 5000 pounds. Four-wheel cars made in
South Edsel are sold for 10,000 marks. The nominal exchange rate between the two countries is
three marks per pound. The real exchange rate between the two countries is
A) 0.50 three-wheel cars per four-wheel car.
B) 0.66 three-wheel cars per four-wheel car.
C) 1.50 three-wheel cars per four-wheel car.
D) 2.00 three-wheel cars per four-wheel car.
8) When the domestic currency buys fewer units of foreign currency, the
A) nominal exchange rate rises.
B) nominal exchange rate falls.
C) real exchange rate rises.
D) real exchange rate falls.
9) When the nominal exchange rate falls,
A) the domestic currency buys more units of foreign currency and the domestic currency has
depreciated.
B) the domestic currency buys fewer units of foreign currency and the domestic currency has
depreciated.
C) the domestic currency buys more units of foreign currency and the domestic currency has
appreciated.
D) the domestic currency buys fewer units of foreign currency and the domestic currency has
appreciated.
10) From 1980 to 2000, the yen/dollar exchange rate fell from 240 yen/dollar to 102 yen/dollar,
while the dollar/pound exchange rate fell from 2.22 dollars/pound to 1.62 dollars/pound. As a
result,
A) the dollar appreciated relative to the yen, but depreciated relative to the pound.
B) the dollar depreciated relative to the yen, but appreciated relative to the pound.
C) the dollar appreciated relative to both the yen and the pound.
D) the dollar depreciated relative to both the yen and the pound.
11) When the nominal exchange rate in terms of dollars per yen rises,
A) the dollar buys more yen and the dollar has depreciated.
B) the dollar buys fewer yen and the dollar has depreciated.
C) the dollar buys more yen and the dollar has appreciated.
D) the dollar buys fewer yen and the dollar has appreciated.
12) A rise in the real exchange rate is called
A) a real depreciation.
B) a real appreciation.
C) a real bargain.
D) a real devaluation.
13) For a given real exchange rate, a nominal appreciation of the domestic currency will result
from
A) a decline in the terms of trade.
B) an increase in the price of the foreign good.
C) an increase in the price of the domestic good.
D) an increase in the domestic rate of inflation.
14) If the real exchange rate rises 2%, domestic inflation is 3%, and foreign inflation is 1%, what
is the percent change in the nominal exchange rate?
A) 6%
B) 4%
C) 2%
D) 0%
15) If the real exchange rate rises 4%, domestic inflation is 2%, and foreign inflation is 0%, what
is the percent change in the nominal exchange rate?
A) 6%
B) 4%
C) 2%
D) 0%
16) If the nominal exchange rate rises 5%, domestic inflation is 2%, and foreign inflation is 3%,
what is the percent change in the real exchange rate?
A) 8%
B) 6%
C) 4%
D) 2%
17) If all countries produce the same good (or the same set of goods) and goods are freely traded
among countries, so that the real exchange rate equals one, then the relationship between
domestic and foreign prices and the nominal exchange rate is
A) P = PFor / enom.
B) P = enom / PFor.
C) enom = P × PFor.
D) P = PFor.
18) The idea that similar foreign and domestic goods, or baskets of goods, should have the same
price when priced in terms of the same currency is called
A) equity.
B) purchasing power parity.
C) efficiency.
D) the tragedy of the commons.
19) Purchasing power parity means that
A) enom = PFor / P.
B) P = PFor.
C) P = enom / PFor.
D) enom = mc2.
20) Empirical evidence shows that in the short run, purchasing power parity ________, and in
the long run, purchasing power parity ________.
A) holds; does not hold
B) holds; holds
C) does not hold; holds
D) does not hold; does not hold
21) Purchasing power parity does not hold in the short to medium run because
A) exports don't equal imports.
B) exchange rates fluctuate too much.
C) most business cycles are caused by shocks to aggregate demand.
D) countries produce different goods.
22) Purchasing power parity does not hold in the short to medium run because
A) exports don't equal imports.
B) exchange rates fluctuate too much.
C) some goods aren't internationally traded.
D) most business cycles are caused by shocks to aggregate demand.
23) Suppose purchasing power parity holds. If the price level in the United States is 100 dollars
per good and the price level in Japan is 250 yen per good, then the nominal exchange rate is
________ yen per dollar.
A) 0.25
B) 0.4
C) 2.5
D) 4.0
24) Suppose purchasing power parity holds. If in 1997 the price level in the United States is 100,
the price level in Japan is 10,000, and the nominal exchange rate is 100 yen per dollar, while in
1998 the price level in Japan rises to 10,500 and the nominal exchange rate rises to 105, then the
price level in the United States in 1998 must be
A) 95.
B) 100.
C) 105.
D) 110.25.
25) Relative purchasing power parity occurs when
A) purchasing power parity holds between every two countries.
B) purchasing power parity only holds in recessions.
C) the nominal exchange rate is constant.
D) the real exchange rate is constant.
26) When the rate of appreciation of the nominal exchange rate equals the foreign inflation rate
minus the domestic inflation rate, we say there is
A) relative purchasing power parity.
B) purchasing power parity.
C) a Phillips curve.
D) an aggregate supply shock.
27) When the dollar rises relative to other currencies,
A) foreign goods are more expensive in terms of dollars.
B) foreign currency is more expensive in terms of dollars.
C) U.S. goods become more expensive to foreigners.
D) foreign currency is more expensive in the United States, but foreign goods are cheaper.
28) When the British pound rises in value relative to other currencies, then
A) goods imported into Britain rise in price.
B) British exports rise in price.
C) neither British exports nor imports rise in price.
D) both British exports and imports rise in price.
29) Suppose the euro/yen exchange rate falls while the dollar/yen exchange rate rises. What
happens to the price of goods imported into Japan?
A) European goods become more expensive while U.S. goods become cheaper.
B) European goods become cheaper while U.S. goods become more expensive.
C) Both European and U.S. goods become more expensive.
D) Both European and U.S. goods become cheaper.
30) Suppose the Swiss franc rises against the British pound but falls against the Japanese yen.
What happens to the prices of goods imported into Switzerland?
A) Both British and Japanese goods fall in price.
B) Both British and Japanese goods rise in price.
C) British goods rise in price while Japanese goods fall in price.
D) British goods fall in price while Japanese goods rise in price.
31) A depreciation of the dollar causes
A) a decrease in U.S. exports.
B) an increase in U.S. imports.
C) an increase in the prices of U.S. imports.
D) an increase in the prices of U.S. exports.
32) When the euro falls in value relative to other currencies, then
A) goods imported into Europe rise in price.
B) European exports rise in price.
C) neither European exports nor imports rise in price.
D) both European exports and imports rise in price.
33) Suppose the dollar/euro exchange rate falls. Then
A) French firms will import more from the United States into France.
B) U.S. firms will export less to France.
C) the dollar is less valuable relative to the euro.
D) the euro is more valuable relative to the dollar.
34) There's been a real depreciation of the dollar over the past month. In the long run, you would
expect the quantity of
A) American imports to fall and the quantity of American exports to fall.
B) American imports to rise and the quantity of American exports to rise.
C) American imports to fall and the quantity of American exports to rise.
D) American imports to rise and the quantity of American exports to fall.
35) The J curve implies that a real depreciation will cause
A) the nominal exchange rate to appreciate in the short run and depreciate in the long run.
B) the nominal exchange rate to depreciate in the short run and appreciate in the long run.
C) net exports to fall in the short run and rise in the long run.
D) net exports to rise in the short run and fall in the long run.
36) The rapid depreciation in the dollar from 1985 to 1987 caused net exports during this period
A) to rise as the J curve would have predicted, but with a short lag (less than one year).
B) to rise as the J curve would have predicted, but with a long lag (more than one year).
C) to fall as the J curve would have predicted, but with a short lag (less than one year).
D) to fall as the J curve would have predicted, but with a long lag (more than one year).
37) According to the J curve, the rapid depreciation in the dollar from 1985 to 1987 caused net
exports to
A) rise in the short run and fall in the long run.
B) rise in the short run and rise further in the long run.
C) fall in the short run and rise in the long run.
D) fall in the short run and fall further in the long run.
38) According to the "beachhead effect," in order to undo the effects of a strong-dollar period,
the real value of the dollar
A) must fall to at least half of its value before appreciation of the dollar began.
B) must fall to the value it had before appreciation of the dollar began.
C) must fall to a much lower level than it had before appreciation of the dollar began.
D) must actually appreciate before it depreciates to undo the effects of a strong-dollar period.
39) The nominal exchange rate is 15 crowns per florin, the domestic price level is 6
florins/bottle, and the foreign price level is 2 crowns/bushel.
(a) What is the real exchange rate?
(b) What is the real exchange rate in the foreign country?
(c) If the domestic price level rises to 8 florins/bottle, what must the nominal exchange rate
become if the real exchange rate remains unchanged?
40) Suppose the real exchange rate is 10, the domestic price level is 8, and the foreign price level
is 4.
(a) What is the nominal exchange rate?
(b) Suppose the real exchange rate rises by 10%, the inflation rate in the domestic country is 6%,
and the inflation rate in the foreign country is 4%. By what percentage does the nominal
exchange rate change?
(c) Suppose the nominal exchange rate rises by 5%, the real exchange rate rises by 8%, and
domestic inflation is 3%. What is the foreign inflation rate?
41) What is purchasing power parity? Why might it not hold?
13.2 How Exchange Rates Are Determined: A Supply-and-Demand Analysis
1) Under a flexible-exchange-rate system, an increase in the demand for Japanese yen would
cause the U.S. dollar/Japanese yen exchange rate to
A) fall.
B) rise.
C) remain unchanged, because supply also increases.
D) remain unchanged, because the exchange rate is set by the central bank.
2) In a flexible-exchange-rate system, the value of a currency is determined by
A) the government.
B) the intersection of the IS and LM curves.
C) the demand and supply for the currency in the foreign exchange market.
D) Swiss gnomes.
3) An increase in domestic output would cause a ________ in net exports and a ________ in the
exchange rate.
A) rise; rise
B) rise; fall
C) fall; rise
D) fall; fall
4) A decline in domestic output would cause a ________ in net exports and a ________ in the
exchange rate.
A) rise; rise
B) rise; fall
C) fall; rise
D) fall; fall
5) A rise in the domestic real interest rate would cause a ________ in net exports and a
________ in the exchange rate.
A) rise; rise
B) rise; fall
C) fall; rise
D) fall; fall
6) A decline in the domestic real interest rate would cause a ________ in net exports and a
________ in the exchange rate.
A) rise; rise
B) rise; fall
C) fall; rise
D) fall; fall
7) An improvement in the quality of U.S. goods would lead to a ________ in the demand for
dollars and a ________ in the exchange rate.
A) rise; rise
B) rise; fall
C) fall; rise
D) fall; fall
8) Which of the following changes would cause American net exports to increase?
A) An increase in the real value of the dollar
B) An increase in American income
C) An increase in foreign income
D) A shift in demand by American consumers away from domestically produced goods
9) Which of the following changes would cause American net exports to decrease?
A) A decrease in the real value of the dollar
B) A decrease in American income
C) An increase in foreign income
D) A shift in demand by American consumers away from domestically produced goods
