30.​AssessmentofstudentswithASDcanbebestachievedthroughcollaborationwithmultipledisciplines.Discuss
professionalsandskillsareasthatshouldbeinvolved.
ANSWER: ​Becauseofthewidevariationofcharacteristicspresentedinthisspectrumof
disorders,thediversityoftheassessmentteamisquitebroadandmayinclude
professionalsfromthefieldsofmedicine,psychology,education,speech–language
pathology,occupationalpathology,physicaltherapy,socialwork,counseling,andother
fields,dependingonthestudent’spresentingbehaviorsandneeds.Eachofthese
professionalswillbeabletoprovideinformationregardingdifferentaspectsofthechild’s
needsandparentalconcerns.Assessmentistypicallyundertakeninmultipleskillareas,
includingcommunicationandlanguage,intelligence,andsocialinteraction.
REFERENCES: Blooms:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.1711.05-DescribetheassessmentproceduresusedtoidentifyASDin
childrenandyouth.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.4.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsusemultiple
methodsofassessmentanddatasourcesinmakingeducationaldecisions.
31.Characteristicsofautisminclude_____.​
a.​engagementinrepetitiveactivities
b.​aseriousemotionaldisturbance
c.​desireforchangeindailyroutines
d.​codependency
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.02-ExplainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationofASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: Characteristicsofautisminclude:irregularitiesandimpairmentsincommunication,
engagementinrepetitiveactivitiesandstereotypedmovements,resistanceto
environmentalchangeorchangeindailyroutines,andunusualresponsestosensory
experiences.
32.Joshhasbeguntoexhibitdeficienciesinlanguage,interpersonalskills,affectivebehavior,andintellectualfunctioning.
Mostofhissymptomswereevidentbeforehewasthree,andhisparentsreportanincreasedamountofself-
stimulatingbehavior.ItislikelythatJoshhasbeendiagnosedashaving​
a.​DownSyndrome.
b.​intellectualdisabilities.
c.​Autism.
d.​TBI.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.02-ExplainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationofASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
33.Echolaliareferstospeechpatternsinwhichtheyoungster​
a.​repeatsbackonlywhathasbeensaidtohim.
b.​respondstoquestionsthathavebeenrepeatedseveraltimes.
c.​respondstoindividualswhomtheyseerepeatedly.
d.​emotionallyechoeswordsinahigh-pitchedvoice.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: Approximatelyhalfdonotdevelopspeech,andthosewhodooftenengageinstrange
languageandspeakingbehavior,suchasecholalia(repeatingbackonlywhathasbeen
saidtothem).
34.Damienhasbeendiagnosedwithaconditioninwhichhehasdifficultiesprimarilywithsocialcomponentsofusing
languagespecificallyrelatingtosocial-emotionalreciprocity.WhatisDamien’sdiagnosis?​
a.​CerebralPalsy
b.​Autism
c.​AspergerSyndrome
d.​DownSyndrome
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
35.Sometimes,peoplewithautismwhodeveloplanguage​
a.​arereflectiveintheirresponses.
b.​userapidandemotionalspeechpatterns.
c.​haveadiversespeakingrepertoire.
d.​failtointerpretcontextualfactors.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: VerbalchildrenwithASDfinditdifficulttoinitiateverbalinteractions,interpretthefacial
expressionsofothers,orinterpretfigurativeorcontextualfactorsoflanguage.
36.Intenseadherencetoroutinesorexcessiveresistancetochangecouldrefertoanindividualwho​
a.​doesnotlikethefurnituretobearrangedinthesamemannerforextendedtimeperiods.
b.​paysattentiontotheexactroutetheytakewhendrivingtoschool.
c.​likestotrydifferentclothingensembles.
d.​hatestocarrychangeandprefersdollarbills.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
37.Self-stimulationisabehaviorassociatedwithautism.Whichstatementbestdescribesthischaracteristic?​
a.​Self-stimulationconsistentlyappearsinpeoplewithautism.
b.​Self-stimulatorybehavioronlyappearsinindividualswithautismwhoarelowerfunctioning.
c.​Self-stimulationcanbecomeself-injurious.
d.​Self-stimulationkeepsindividualswithautismbusyandoutoftrouble.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withASDfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
NOTES: Somebehaviorsthatseemtostartasself-stimulationmayworsenortakedifferent
formsandcreatepotentialinjurytothechild,suchasface-slapping,biting,andhead-
banging.Behaviorthatbecomesself-injuriousismoreoftenfoundinlow-functioning
childrenandcanunderstandablycauseconcernandstressforparentsandothersaround
them.
38.Thepsychodynamictheoryimplicates_____ascausalfactorsinautism.​
a.​genetics
b.​diet
c.​humaninteractions
d.​neurologicalimbalances
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.04-ListthecausesandriskfactorsassociatedwithASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: Thechildretreatstoaninnerworldandessentiallydoesnotinteractwiththeoutside
environmentthatinvolvespeople.Thispsychodynamictheoryhaslargelybeenrefuted.
39.Mostcurrentresearchonthecausationofautismpointstoa(n)_____perspective.​
a.​psychodynamic
b.​integrated
c.​biological
d.​educational
40.Mostcurrentresearchersseeautismasa(n)_____.​
a.​assortmentofsymptomsthatwillrequirevariedtreatments
b.​biologicalsyndromewithmultiplepsychodynamiccauses
c.​psychodynamicsyndromewithmultiplebiologicalcauses
d.​behavioralsyndromewithasinglebiologicalcause
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.04-ListthecausesandriskfactorsassociatedwithASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
41.Theultimategoalineducationalprogrammingforstudentswithautismisto​
a.​eliminatethedisability.
b.​preparethestudentforahighqualitylifeintheirhomecommunities.
c.​preparethestudentforsupportedliving.
d.​preparethestudentforpost-secondaryeducation.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withASDfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.7.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscollaboratewith
familiesandothereducators,relatedservicesproviders,individualswithexceptionalities,
andpersonnelfromcommunityagenciesinculturallyresponsivewaystoaddressthe
needsofindividualswithexceptionalitiesacrossarangeoflearningexperiences.
42.StudentswithASDaretobeeducatedin​
a.​specialschools.
b.​regulareducationclassrooms.
c.​separateclassrooms.
d.​integratedenvironmentstothemaximumextentappropriate.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withASDfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.7.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscollaboratewith
familiesandothereducators,relatedservicesproviders,individualswithexceptionalities,
43.IEPgoalsshouldrelatethecoredeficitsofthedisorder.Whatarethey?​
a.​Readingmastery
b.​Communicationandsocialinteractionskills
c.​Jobdevelopment
d.​Physicaleducation
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.02-ExplainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationofASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
NOTES: EachIEPshouldincludestatementsofshort-andlong-termgoalsthatrelatetothecore
deficitsofthedisorder(socialcommunication/interactionandrestrictive/repetitive
behavior.
44.AsamemberofSven’sIEPteam,youwouldrecommendthattheIEPforastudentwithautismshouldhaveasits
centralcomponent​
a.​mathinstruction.
b.​communicationskills.
c.​socialskills.
d.​communicationandsocialskills.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Applying
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withASDfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.7.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscollaboratewith
familiesandothereducators,relatedservicesproviders,individualswithexceptionalities,
andpersonnelfromcommunityagenciesinculturallyresponsivewaystoaddressthe
needsofindividualswithexceptionalitiesacrossarangeoflearningexperiences.
NOTES: EachIEPshouldincludestatementsofshort-andlong-termgoalsthatrelatetothecore
deficitsofthedisorder(socialcommunication/interactionandrestrictive/repetitive
behavior).
45.Behavioralinterventionsrequirewhichofthefollowingconditions?​
a.​Anaccuratediagnosisofthestudent
b.​Afocusonenhancingappropriatebehaviorsandreducingmaladaptivebehaviors
c.​Knowledgeoftheunderlyingcausation
d.​Agenotypicdescriptionofthestudent
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withASDfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.2.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalscreatesafe,
inclusive,culturallyresponsivelearningenvironmentssothatindividualswith
exceptionalitiesbecomeactiveandeffectivelearnersanddevelopemotionalwell-being,
positivesocialinteractions,andself-determination.
46.Andrew’smotherhashadgreatdifficultyadjustingtohisdiagnosisofautism.Shefeelsthatitmustbeherfaultand
hissocialwithdrawalmustbeduetohisretreatfromsomementalpainshewasinflicting.Whatperspectiveisshe
operatingfrom?​
a.​Psychodynamic
b.​Medical
c.​Educational
d.​Biological
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.04-ListthecausesandriskfactorsassociatedwithASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
47.Teacherscanpromotesuccessfuleducationalinterventionsforstudentswithautismby​
a.​selectingtheappropriateevidence-basedpractices.
b.​teachingstudentsbyusingslang,idioms,andsarcasm.
c.​usingabstractideasininstruction.
d.​focusinginstructionontheremediationofweakskillsareas.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withASDfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
48.List2examplesofestablished,emerging,andunestablishedtreatmentplansforstudentswithASD.​
ANSWER: Establishedtreatmentsinclude;antecedentorbehavioralpackages,modeling,peer
training,comprehensiontreatment,jointattentionintervention,schedules,self-
management,storybasedintervention.Emergingtreatmentsinclude,butarenotlimited
to,augmentativeandalternativecommunicationdevices,cognitivebehavioralplans,
exercise,languagetraining,massagetherapy,musictherapy,pictureexchangesystem,
socialskillspackage,etc.
Unestablishedtreatmentsinclude:auditoryintegrationtraining,facilitatedcommunication,
diet,sensoryintegratedtreatments.
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withASDfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
49.Describethemedicaltreatmentapproachforpeoplewithautism.​
ANSWER: Theuseofmedicationisnottocureautismbuttoalleviateoreliminatesymptoms.
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withASDfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
50.Describethebehavioraltreatmentapproachforpeoplewithautism.​
ANSWER: Interventionsareundertakenwithoutconcernfortheunderlyingcauseofthedisability;
ratheritfocusesonenhancingappropriatebehaviorsandreducinginappropriateor
maladaptivebehaviors.​
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Understanding
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.06-Describethedifferentinterventionsforchildrenandyouth
withASDfromearlychildhoodthroughadulthood.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.5.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsselect,adapt,and
usearepertoireofevidence-basedinstructionalstrategiestoadvancelearningof
individualswithexceptionalities.
51.Describethreemajorapproachestothetreatmentofautismandprovideanexampleofeachapproach.​
ANSWER: EducationalInterventions:Awidevarietyofinstructionaloptionsisrequiredin
educatingchildrenwithautism,rangingfromspecializedindividualprogramsto
integratedplacementwithsupportservices.Observationofunusualmaladaptive
behaviorshasledtotheemergenceofstereotypesaboutyoungsterswithautism.
However,currentliteraturehasemphasizedintegrationforeducationalpurposestothe
maximumdegreepossible.Detailsregardingthespecificeducationalplacementand
instructionalprogrammingwilldependonthestudent’sageandfunctioninglevel.
Regardlessofplacement,theultimategoalshouldbetoprepareindividualswithautism
toliveintheirhomecommunity.Parentalcollaborationinpreparingchildrenwithautism
forschoolcanbeofgreatassistance.Thispreparationcanincludesuchmattersas
instillingapositiveattitudeinthechild,helpinghimorherwithscheduling,andteaching
himorherhowtofindthewayaroundinschool(e.g.,perhapsdrawingamapofwhere
togobasedonthedailyschedule).
PsychologicalandMedicalInterventionsVariousmedicaltreatmenthavebeenused
forindividualswithASD.TheprimarypurposeisnottocuretheASD,buttoalleviate
thesymptoms.Somebenefitsincludethepossibilityofhavingreducedsymptomsand
fittinginbetterwithpeers.Parentsshouldbeinformedthatmedicationisnotlikelyto
solveproblemsrelatedtofollowingdirections,learningslowly,orpoorsocialskills.
52.Apervasivedevelopmentaldisorderwithonsetpriortoage3,characterizedbyqualitativelyimpairedsocial
interactiveandsocialcommunicativeskillsalongwithrestrictedandrepetitiverepertoireofbehavior,interestsand
activitiesisknownas​
a.​savantsyndrome.
b.​autism.
c.​Asperger’ssyndrome.
d.​autismspectrumdisorders(ASD).
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.02-ExplainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationofASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
53.​Arareandextraordinaryconditioninwhichunusualskillsareperformed,usuallyinoneoffiveareas—music,art,
calculating,mathematicsandmechanicalorspatialskills—characterizedbyobsessivepreoccupationwithspecific
itemsormemorizationoffacts,trivia,sequencesorpatternsthatareinstarkcontrasttothedevelopmentallevelof
theindividual,rangingfromsplinterskillstoprodigioussavantskillsiscalled
a.​autism.
b.​Asperger’ssyndrome.
c.​savantsyndrome.
d.​autismspectrumdisorders.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
54.Aconditionthatsharesunusualsocialinteractionsandbehaviorswithautismbuthistoricallyhasincludednogeneral
languagedelayiscalled​
a.Asperger’ssyndrome.​
b.​autism.
c.​savantsyndrome.
d.​autismspectrumdisorder.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.03-Describethecharacteristicsandprevalenceofchildrenand
youthwithASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.
55.Achildwithautismspectrumdisorder(ASD)mayfinditdifficulttoread​
a.​instructions.
b.​poetry.
c.​verbalcues.
d.​nonverbalcues.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Bloom’s:Remembering
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.11.02-ExplainthevariousdefinitionsandclassificationofASD.
NATIONALSTANDARDS: UnitedStates-CEC.1.0-Beginningspecialeducationprofessionalsunderstandhow
exceptionalitiesmayinteractwithdevelopmentandlearningandusethisknowledgeto
providemeaningfulandchallenginglearningexperiencesforindividualswith
exceptionalities.