True/False
1.Moststudentswillneedalotofdirectionwhileafewmayexcelwhentheyareinasettingwheretheycanexplore
problemsolvingtasksthroughindependentlearning.However,veryfewstudentsneedacombinationofbothlearning
environments.
a.True
b.False
2.​Theacquisitionstageoflearningcouldbecomparedtoachild’sfirstattempttoeverrideabicycle.
a.True
b.False
3.​UDLresearchsuggeststhatwhileafewstudentscanindependentlydiscoverandsolveproblems,themajorityof
learnerswillneverobtainthehigheststagesoflearning.
a.True
b.False
4.Inordertoimprovetheacquisitionofnewknowledge,priorlearningneedstobeeitherbypassedorprimed.​
a.True
b.False
5.Assessmentlinkedtolearninggoalsallowstheteachertocontinuallyprimestudent’sbackgroundknowledgeaswell
aswhenit’stimetomoveforwardorifaskill/conceptneedsrevisiting.​
a.True
b.False
6.​
Researchsuggeststhatstudentswithlearningchallengesatalllevelsbenefitfromdirectinstruction,whereastheir
peerswithoutdisabilitiesrarelyfinddirectinstructionbeneficial.
a.True
b.False
7.​Usingtheword“HOMES”tohelprememberthenamesoftheGreatLakes(Huron,Ontario,Michigan,Erie,and
Superior)isanexampleofakeywordmnemonic.
a.True
b.False
8.Accordingtothe“chunkingprinciple,”typicallearnerscanretainfromfivetonineseparateunitsofinformation,
thoughasthematerialbecomesmorecomplex,thenumberofunitspresentedatatimeneedtobereduced.
a.True
b.False
9.Shapingisalearningtechniquethatmakesuseofvisual,language,and/orcontextcuesandpromptstosupportstudent
learning.​
a.True
b.False
10.​Judiciousreviewoflearningshouldbedoneinavarietyofformatstoincreaseunderstandingandtokeepreview
motivational.
a.True
b.False
MultipleChoice
11.Thefivelearningstagesinsequentialorderare:​
a.​acquisition,maintenance,proficiency,generalization,andapplication.
b.​acquisition,proficiency,maintenance,generalization,andapplication.
c.​acquisition,proficiency,maintenance,application,andgeneralization.
d.​acquisition,proficiency,generalization,maintenance,andapplication.
12.Assessmentscorestendtorangefrom__________intheacquisitionstateoflearning.​
a.​0–20%
b.​0–40%
c.​0–60%
d.​0–100%
13.SomecurrentresearchsupportsPiaget’ssuggestionthatdiverselearnersmayneedtoprogresssequentiallyfromthe
___________________________stagesoflearning.​
a.​conceptualtothepictorialtotheconcrete
b.​concretetothepictorialtotheabstract
c.​abstracttothevisualtothepictorial
d.​conceptualtotheverbaltotheabstract
14.Oncethelearnerhassomeideaoftheskillorconceptbeingtaught,teacherscanhelpstudentsmoveaheadby
providingallofthefollowing,EXCEPT:
a.​discriminationexercisesthatcompareandcontrastattributesintheskillarearecentlyacquired.
b.​practicepairingnon-exampleswithpreviousexamplestostrengthenmeaningandmemory.
c.​multiplepracticeactivitiescoupledwithimmediateandspecificfeedback.
d.​negativeconsequencesforerrorsalongwithimmediatefeedback.
15.Oncestudentshavepassedthroughtheacquisitionstageoflearning,teachersworkonincreasingthelearner’sspeed
andaccuracy;inotherwords,their:
a.​passrate.
b.​proficiency.
c.​comprehension.
d.​understanding.
16.Intheproficiencystageoflearningstudentsbenefitfromallofthefollowing,EXCEPT:
a.​differentialreinforcement.
b.​modelingandgoalsetting.
c.​positivereinforcement.
d.​self-managementstrategies.
17.Diverselearnersmayfindthe_____________stageoflearningdifficultbecauseinadditiontopractice,thisstage
requiresmemory.​
a.​acquisition
b.​proficiency
c.​maintenance
d.​generalization
18.Generalizationisalsoreferredtoas____________oflearning.​
a.​reassignment
b.​relocation
c.​transfer
d.​simplification
19.Inthegeneralizationstageoflearning,skillsthestudenthaslearnedinonesituationare:
a.​constantlypracticeoverandoveragain.
b.​maintainedthroughmemorytrainingexercises.
c.​morefluentasspeedandaccuracybegintoincrease.
d.​appliedtodifferentones.
20.Tohelpstudentsgeneralizewhattheyhavelearned,teachersshoulddoallofthefollowing,EXCEPT:
a.​givestudentsaclearrationalefortheskilltheyarelearning.
b.​provideactivitiesthatusetheskillonavarietyofoccasionsandindifferentsettings.
c.​hopestudentswillknowwhenandwheretousetheskilloutsideofschoolsettings.
d.​enrollparentsand/orothersignificantadultsinthestudentslifetoassistinthegeneralizationoftheskillto
settingsoutsideschool.
21.Thefifthorhigheststageoflearningiscalled:​
a.​adoption.
b.​application.
c.​alteration.
d.​adjustment.
22.Inthehigheststageorleveloflearning,studentsdoallofthefollowing,EXCEPT:
a.​makedecisions.
b.​analyzeinformation.
c.​reciteinformation.
d.​estimate.
23.Whichofthefollowingisthefirststepincurricularplanning?​
a.Beginbyselectingatextbook,yourmainresourceforplanningyourunitofstudy
b.​Beginwiththebigideas
c.​Beginwiththedetails
d.​Beginwiththedetailsandbuilduptothebigideas
24.Anexampleofabigideainthestudyofhistorymightbe:​
a.​continuityandchange.
b.​thenamesofthefirstfivepresidents.
c.​thedatesoftheworldwars.
d.​listingthethreebranchesofgovernment.
25.Bycenteringinstructionaroundbigideas,teacherscan:​
a.​provideavehicleforalllearnerstoaccessthemenuofobjectivesatallstagesoflearning.
b.​ensureproblem-solvingisatthecoreofeachlesson.
c.​ensurethinkingskillsarepurposelytaughtanddesigned.
d.​Allofthechoicesarecorrect.
26.Beforeateachercanactivatealearner’spriorknowledge,theyshoulddoallofthefollowing,EXCEPT:
a.​assessthelearner’sbackgroundknowledge.
b.​assesswhetherthelearner’sfamilystructureandsocioeconomicstatushaveprovidedappropriatebackground
knowledgeandskills.
c.​determinethelearner’sskilllevels.
d.​decidewhatbackgroundinformationorskillstoteachorbypassifacademic,social,orphysical“roadblocks”
arepresent.
27.Allthefollowingtechniqueshelptoprimepriorknowledge,EXCEPT:
a.​brainstorming.
b.​questioning.
c.​memorizing.
d.​creatingsemanticwebs.
28.In_______________learning,isolatedtopicsareincorporatedintotherealworldandconnected.​
a.​strategic
b.​authentic
c.​classroom
d.​factual
29.Anchoredinstructioncontainsallthefollowingelements,EXCEPT:​
a.​reallifeproblem-solvingsituationsfromasharedperspective.
b.​othersubjectareascanbeincorporatedaroundthe“anchor.”
c.​teacherservesasinvestigator.
d.​anauthenticlearningapproachthatappliesUDLprinciplesaround“bigideas.”
30.WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofanchoredinstruction?​
a.​Pacingofinstructionremainsaconstant
b.​Groupingoptions
c.​Opportunitiesforindividualizedwork
d.​Increasedstudentmotivation
31.InaClassActPortalthegoalisto:​
a.​assistteachersinmaintainingcontroloverthescopeanddepthofstudentprojects.
b.​encouragestudentstobecomeimmersedinatopicthatcanbelinkedtogoalsandobjectives.
c.​limitthefocusofstudentprojectstooneacademicdisciplineareaonly.
d.​teachstudentstoconductresearchusingonlylowtechresearchmethods.
32.WebQuestsareconceptuallyanalogousto:​
a.​paperandpencilquizzes.
b.​downloadingmusicfromtheweb.
c.​scavengerhunts.
d.​writtenbookreports.
33._________strategiesareclear,concise,explicitstepsusedtopresentandlearncontent.​
a.​Concurrent
b.​Concomitant
c.​Conspicuous
d.​Continuous
34.Toensurethatstudentslearnthemthoroughlyandgeneralizetheiruse,itisgenerallybesttoteach____________
learningstrategiesatatime.​
a.​asmanyaspossible
b.​onlyafew
c.​atleasteight
d.​several
35.__________________teachesbydemonstratingaskill,andisprobablythemostnaturalofalltheteaching
techniques.​
a.​Modeling
b.​Shaping
c.​Forwardandbackwardchaining
d.​Mnemonics
36.Contentenhancementsincludeallthefollowingtools,EXCEPT:
a.​graphicorganizers.
b.​semanticmaps.
c.​guidednotes.
d.​curriculum-basedassessments.
37.Contentenhancementsserveallofthefollowingpurposes,EXCEPT:
a.​helpingstudentsunderstandmajorconcepts,ideas,andvocabulary.
b.​helpingstudentscomprehendcontentbywateringdownmaterial.
c.​helpingstudentswithknowledgeacquisition,organization,andretrieval.
d.​helpingstudentsunderstandmajorvocabulary.
38.Inordertohelphisstudentsbetterprepareforclass,Mr.JacksontaughtthemtousePREP(e.g.,P[prepare
material],R[reviewwhatyouknow],E[establishapositivemindset],andP[pinpointgoals]),a___________
learningstrategy.
a.​thinkaloud
b.​contentenhancement
c.​mnemonic
d.​questioning
39.Amatch-to-sampleinterventionisusefulforstudentswhoareat:​
a.​advancedlevelsofskillacquisition.
b.​earlylevelsofskillacquisition.
c.​earlylevelsofskilladaptation.
d.​advancedlevelsofskillapplication.
40.Flowlists:​
a.​incorporateSocraticquestioningintoinstruction.
b.​areaweb-basedsoftwaretohelpstudentscreatemnemonics.
c.​helpstudentsincreasetheirlanguagecomprehensionandlearnvocabulary.
d.​presentthelearnerwitharangeofauthenticlearningactivities.
41.Allofthefollowingstatementsaboutdirectinstructionaretrue,EXCEPT:​
a.​itisamediatedscaffoldingtechnique.
b.​itistypicallyusedtoteachattheacquisitionleveloflearning.
c.whenthefirstlettersofthetermarecapitalized(e.g.,DirectInstruction,DI),itreferstoaspecific,research-
based,teachingapproach.
d.​itismosteffectiveinteachinglessstructuredareassuchasreadingcomprehensionandliteratureanalysis.
42.​__________isabehavioraltechniqueusedtotakeacloseapproximationofadesiredskillandmoveittoskill
masteryusingpositivereinforcement.
a.​Chaining
b.​Taskanalysis
c.​Shaping
d.​Prompting
43.Ifastudentasksherself/himself“AmIfocusingonmywork?”atpredeterminedtimeintervalsthenrecordsthe
responseonacardandchartstheirprogress,theyareusinga:
a.​taskanalysis.
b.​self-monitoringstrategy.
c.​modelingtechnique.
d.​anchoredinstruction.
44.Ifastudentisstrugglingtolearnaparticularskillandtheteacherbreakstheskilldownintosequentialstepsto
determinewhatpartsthestudentknowsand/orwherethestudentneedsmoreinstructionorpractice,theteacheris
usingwhichofthefollowingtechniques?​
a.​Taskanalysis
b.​Self-monitoringstrategy
c.​Modelingtechnique
d.​Anchoredinstruction
45.Aninterventionthatfostersjudiciousreviewisreferredtoas__________repetitions,whereinalearnerisfrequently
askedtorecallalearningexperienceoracademicinformationondifferentdays.​
a.​spaced
b.​modeled
c.​shaped
d.​prompted
46.Whenintroducingsubtraction,theteacherbeganbydemonstratingtheconceptwithapileofpennies.Shethen
allowedstudentstopracticewithpennies.Afterstudentsmasteredthesubtractionconceptsusingpennies,theteacher
movedontousingtallymarksasrepresentations.Thisandothertypesof“handson”activitiesgenerallyworkwell
whenteachingstudentswith:​
a.​speechandlanguageimpairments.
b.​cognitivedisabilities.
c.​visualimpairments.
d.​ADHD.
47.​Aninstructionalprocedurethathasbeenfoundtobeeffectivewithstudentswhoneedagreaterchallengeis:
a.​reciprocalteaching.
b.​curriculumcompacting.
c.​chunking.
d.​shaping.
48.Studentswhomayneedgreaterchallengesanddemonstrateahighdegreeofinterestinasubjectcouldbenefitfrom
allofthefollowing,EXCEPT:
a.​acceleration.
b.​mentorships.
c.​workingingroupswithgrade-levelpeers.
d.​internships.
49.Inordertohelplearnerswithlanguageandrelatedprocessingchallenges:​
a.​pairverbalwithvisualdirections.
b.​giveextrawaittimeforprocessingaresponse.
c.​usetechniqueslikeThink-Pair-Share.
d.​Allofthechoicesarecorrect.
50.Ensuringthatstudentsa)experienceahighrateofsuccess,b)havesomecontroloverlearningnewskills,c)feel
comfortableandsafeintheclassroom,andd)arenotoverlypressuredintermsoftimearestrategiesthatare
particularlyhelpfulforstudentswhohavechallengesinthe_________learningdomains.
a.​studyskills/organization/testtaking
b.​social/emotional/motivational
c.​physical/motor/sensory
d.​speech/language
SubjectiveShortAnswer
51.Howdoesunderstandingthelearningstagesofstudentshelpindesigningandimplementingeffectiveinstruction?​
52.Whatarethechallengessomestudentsfaceinthemaintenancestageoflearning?​
53.Giveexamplesofhowateachercouldhelpastudentgeneralizesocialandacademicskillslearnedatschoolintotheir
lifeoutsideofschool.Providetwoexamplesforeachskillarea.​
54.Whatcanteacherstodohelpactivatetheirstudents’priorknowledge?​
55.Explainhowauthenticlearninghelpsstudentsbecomemoreengagedinthelearningprocess.​
56.Definealearningstrategyapproachandgivetwoexamples.​
57.Comparethehightechandlowtechversionofresponsecardsusedinjudiciousreview.​
58.Howcanyouhelpastudentforwhomorganization,study,andtest-takingskillsposeachallenge?​
Essay
59.Thechapterbeginswithananalogyofhowyourclassroomis,inmanyways,likeagymorhealthclub.Summarize
thekeypointsyouhavereadinthechapterbydescribingthewaysinwhichtheinstructionalstrategies/interventions
youusewithyourstudentsareanalogoustothepeopledescribedintheopeninggymscenario.​
60.Discussthesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongthemajorinterventionslistedinthechapter.​