CHAPTER 10
25.
a. forces of production.
b. superstructure.
c. social relationship between humans.
d. a and b
e. a and c
26.
a. the social relations between humans.
b. in particular the relationship of each class to the means of production
c. inclusive of the ownership of productive facilities and division of the fruits of productive
activity.
d. the class structure of society.
e. all of the above.
27. Under capitalism labor is socialized p. 107
a. in the market.
b. in an indirectly social manner.
c. in a manner which is not immediately social through the interdependence of productive
individuals.
d. a and b
e. all of the above.
28. In Marxian economic theory, what three facts about production pervade every society? p. 105
a. A natural environment which could be transformed is necessary.
b. Machines and tools contribute to the transformation of nature and therefore receive
profits.
c. Nature contributes nothing to its own transformation; labor is the source of production.
d. Production is a social activity dependent upon cooperation and coordination.
e. Market prices embody the labor of particular workers.
29. Which classes characterized the existence of capitalism as it existed in every historical
setting and every cultural or national boundary? p. 106
a. peasants, working class, poverty stricken and capitalists.
b. capitalists and working class.
c. peasants, working class capitalists, and nobility.
d. capitalists, working class, small shopkeepers and professionals, and poverty stricken.
e. small shopkeepers and professionals, working class, peasants, and capitalists.
30. What is the defining characteristic of the working class in capitalism? p. 107
a. They own and control the means of production.
b. They sell their capacity to produce once and for all.
c. They direct the labor process in which they function as laborers.
d. They own the commodities which they produce.
e. none of the above.
31. Which two of the following statements describe attributes of the capitalist class? 0 107 108
a. It is comprised of capitalists who own and control money, land or machines, and tools.
b. They only own their labor power which is sold on the market as a commodity.
c. They have to engage in socially useful labor.
d. They live off the surplus created by the productive activity of the working class.
e. all of the above.
32. Which class is responsible for weakening the wage bargaining powers of employed workers
and providing a reservoir of workers during economic expansions? p. 108
a. the peasants.
b. the small shopkeepers and professionals.
c. the working class.
d. the poverty stricken.
e. the capitalists.
33. Marx interpreted the role of the capitalist within the production process p. 107
a. as productive and receiving returns commensurate with his productivity.
b. as the glue which held the entire interdependent production process together.
c. as unproductive but nonetheless necessary.
d. as a wedge between the interdependent workers and as extractors of retribution for
allowing the production process to continue smoothly.
e. as the owner of a factor of production that existed in all economic states.
34. Marx believed that p. 105
a. laws and religion were the primary forces determining the structure of society.
b. the working class was alienated because their wages tended toward the subsistence level.
c. the mode of production was the major factor determining the general nature and
movement of society.
d. a and b
e. b and c
35. Marx believed that the Utopian Socialists
a. were dangerous radicals who should be silenced.
b. had ideas that hardly differed from his own.
c. were often unrealistic and quixotic.
d. were conservatives at heart.
e. none of the above.
36.
a. are the two parts of the mode of production.
b. exert a powerful influence on social ideas, religious beliefs and moral codes.
c. determined the class structure of society.
d. come into conflict during periods of social revolution.
e. all of the above.
37.
(alienation?) see p. 110
a. his condemnation of the misery caused by widespread poverty and inequality.
b. the necessity of workers to sell their labor power to capitalists.
c. the immiserization of the working class as capitalism developed.
d. ential as humans.
e. all of the above.
38.
a. social conflict created alienation.
b. in a capitalist society social relations were reduced to money or market transactions.
c. alienation was the result of excessively low wages.
d. a and b.
e. a and c.
39. Marx argued that workers were exploited because p 109
a. the workers was separated from the means of production.
b. under capitalism the market, or cash nexus, was extended to all human relationship
involved in production and distribution.
c. the historical tendency of capitalist production is to create a reserve army of unemployed
workers.
d. the value of labor power is less than the value of what labor power produces.
e. all of the above.
40. The labor theory of value leads to the conclusion that p 109
a. profit emerges from the production process because the value of labor power is less than
the value of what labor power produces.
b. capital does not increase labor productivity.
c. a man who does not labor is of little use.
d. individuals do not value anything very highly unless they have to work for it.
e. none of the above.
41. Surplus value is created because p 109
a. capitalists buy one commodity and sell a different commodity.
b. the value of labor power is less than the value of the commodities it creates.
c. it takes only a part of the work day for a laborer to produce commodities with a value
d. laborers do not own the means of production and can live only by selling their labor
power to capitalists.
e. all of the above.
42.
events that ultimately resulted in a depression was p 112
a. the existence of labor unions.
b. the alienation of the laborer.
c. massive unemployment.
d. depletion of the reserve army of the unemployed.
e. the immeserization of the proletariat.
43. Marx believed that economic concentration would occur because p 113
a. in competition among capitalists the strong crush the weak.
b. changing technology requires larger and larger business firms.
c. businessmen would band together to counteract the power of consumer cooperatives and
labor unions.
d. a and b.
e. b and c.
44. According to Marx, the function of the capitalist state is to p114
a. enforce the dictatorship of the capitalist class over the rest of society.
b. act as an arbiter of rivalries between capitalists.
c. control the money supply.
d. all of the above.
e. a and b.
45. For Marx, the capitalist state (or government) p114
a. is the coercive instrument of the ruling capitalist class.
b. represents the workers only in those countries which have free elections.
c. is the only protection the laborers have against the capitalists.
d. is generally quite efficient.
e. all of the above.
46. perspective, which of the following would contribute to the cause of a socialist
revolution? p115
a. business cycles or crises that worsened over time
b. a long-run tendency for the rate of profit to fall
c. economic concentration in the process of production
d. the immiserization of the proletariat
e. all of the above.