True/False
1.Asthenumberofdiverselearnersinourschoolscontinuestoincrease,sointurndoestheneedformoreinclusionary
practicesandinstructionalstrategiestomeettheirvariedandoftencomplexneeds.​
a.True
b.False
2.At-riskstudents,whoselifeexperiencesmakethemmorelikelytofailinschoolthantheirpeers,areeligiblefor
specialeducationservices.​
a.True
b.False
3.Overthepastdecadethenumberofstudentsreceivingspecialeducationserviceshasincreasedbyover20%.​
a.True
b.False
4.Therightofstudentstolearnintheleastrestrictedenvironmenttypicallymeansthat,tothemaximumextent
appropriate,childrenwithdisabilitiesaretobeeducatedinthegeneraleducationclassroom.​
a.True
b.False
5.Whatisviewedtodayasafundamentalrightforstudentswithdisabilitieswas,atonetime,perceivedtobeaprivilege.​
a.True
b.False
6.Litigationhasdonefarmoretoshapestateandfederalspecialeducationpolicythanlegislationhasdone.​
a.True
b.False
7.InthecaseSchafferv.Weast,thecourtruledthatplacementinageneraleducationclassroomwithsupplementary
aidsandservicesmustbeofferedtoastudentwithdisabilitiespriortoconsideringmoresegregatedplacements.​
a.True
b.False
8.UndertheEducationforAllHandicappedChildrenAct(PL94-142),latertoberenamedIDEA,achildmustreceive
nondiscriminatoryassessmentfromamultidisciplinaryteampriortobeingplacedinspecialeducation.​
a.True
b.False
9.The1997AmendmentstoIDEA(PL105-17)exemptedstudentswithdisabilitiesfromstatewideanddistrictwide
assessmentprograms.​
a.True
b.False
10.TheRehabilitationActof1973isacivilrightslaw,asSection504oftheactwasspecificallyintendedtoprotect
childrenandadultsagainstdiscriminationduetoadisability.​
a.True
b.False
11.​Referringtoindividualswithspecialneedsfromapeople-firstperspectivereflectsa:
a.​focusonthedisability,nottheperson.
b.beliefthatteachersmustonlyusepoliticallycorrectlanguage.​
c.changeinwordorderandnothingmore.​
d.beliefthatallourstudentshavethepotentialtolearnandarepeoplefirstandforemost.​
12.​Thelargestgroupofdiverselearnersisstudents:
a.​fromculturallydiversebackgrounds.
b.fromlinguisticallydiversebackgrounds.​
c.withdisabilities.​
d.whoarenotAmericancitizens.​
13.WhichofthefollowingstudentswouldNOTbeconsideredtohaveadisability,asdefinedbyIDEA2004?​
a.​Astudentat-riskforfailing
b.Astudentwithemotionaldisturbances
c.Astudentwithautism​
d.Astudentwithspecificlearningdisabilities​
14.WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTfallundertheOtherHealthImpairmentcategory?​
a.​Diabetes
b.Leukemia​
c.​Schizophrenia
d.​ADHD
15.Studentswhoaregiftedandtalented​:
a.​fallunderthedisabledcategory.
b.donotrequirespecializedinstruction.​
c.areconsideredexceptional.​
d.areincludedinfederalspecialeducationlegislation.​
16.Anychildwhoisexposedtoexperiencessuchasdomesticviolence,substanceabuse,childabuse,poverty,and/or
homelessness​:
a.​willbecomeanat-riskstudentintime.
b.isanat-riskstudent.​
c.hasanincreasedlikelihoodofbecominganat-riskstudent.​
d.hasthesamechanceofbecominganat-riskstudentasachildwhowasnotexposedtosuchexperiences.​
17.​Acontinuumorcascadeofservicedelivery:
a.​isanewconceptintroducedbyIDEAin1990.
b.isbasedontheconceptthattheeffectivedeliveryofspecialeducationservicesrequiresavarietyofsettingsto
meettheuniqueneedsofeachlearneratagivenpointintime.​
c.isbasedontheconceptthatallspecialeducationservices,regardlessofthelevelofintensity,shouldbe
providedinthegeneraleducationclassroom.​
d.isbasedontheconceptthattheresourceroomisthebestsettingforstudentswithspecialneeds.​
18.UniversalDesignforLearning(UDL)​:
a.​wasoriginallydevelopedasascientificconcepttodescribetheuniversalityofchemicalreactions.
b.issynonymouswiththeuniversalinclusionofstudentswithdisabilities,bothsocialandacademic,withnon-
disabledpeers.
c.isseenasavehicleforensuringthatteachersareabletomeettheneedsofstudentswhoexhibitwidely
varyinglearningrequirementsininclusivesettings.​
d.impliesoneoptimalsolutionforeveryone.​
19.Allofthefollowingstatementsregardingspecialeducationlitigationandlegislationaretrue,EXCEPT:​
a.​Litigationoftenledtolegislation,whichinturnledtomorelitigationtointerpretandclarifythelaw.
b.​Duetolitigation,thepast30yearshaveseenasignificantdecreaseintheeducationalbenefitsavailableto
individualswithspecialeducationalneeds.
c.​Beforethelate1950s,thefederalgovernmentpaidlittleattentiontoindividualswithspecialneeds.
d.​Opportunitiesforindividualswithspecialneedshavegreatlyincreasedoverthepast30yearswiththedramatic
growthinspecialeducationlegislation.
20.Whichofthefollowingcourtcasesfoundthattheequalprotectionclauseofthe14thAmendmentwasviolatedby
‘tracking’studentsbasedonthebasisofbiased,standardizedtests?
a.​Hobsonv.Hansen
b.Dianav.StateBoardofEducation​
c.PennsylvaniaAssociationforRetardedChildrenv.CommonwealthofPennsylvania​
d.LarryP.v.Riles​
21.ThelandmarkEducationforAllHandicappedChildrenAct(PL94-142),latertobereauthorizedastheIndividuals
withDisabilitiesEducationAct(IDEA),mandated:
a.​transitionservicesforstudentswithdisabilities.
b.afreeandappropriatepubliceducationforallstudentswithdisabilities.​
c.accesstopublictransportationforstudentswithdisabilities.​
d.co-teachingbetweenspecialandgeneraleducators.​
22.WhichofthefollowingisnotamajorprincipleenshrinedinPL94-142,theEducationforAllHandicappedChildren
Act?​
a.​FAPE
b.IEP​
c.LRE​
d.ADA​
23.AlthoughtheEducationforAllHandicappedChildrenAct(PL94-142)didnotrequireservicestopreschoolchildren
withdisabilities,itdid:
a.​mandateservicesforyounghomeschooledchildren.
b.offereachstateafinancialgrantincentivetoservepreschoolchildrenwithdisabilities.​
c.mandateservicesforchildrenfromtheageof3to23.​
d.offerafinancialincentivegranttoparentstoservepreschoolchildrenwithdisabilities.​
24.TitleIofPL99-457createdtheHandicappedInfantsandToddlersProgram(PartH),which:
a.​appliedtochildrenfrombirthtoage5,whohaddevelopmentaldisabilities.
b.mandatedallstatestofullyimplementthelaw.​
c.requiredamultidisciplinaryassessmentofalleligiblechildrenandfamiliesandawrittenindividualizedfamily
serviceplan(IFSP).​
d.mandatedthateacheligibleinfantandtoddlerbereevaluatedeverytwoyears.​
25.Thestandards-basedreformmovementresultedin​:
a.​morechallengingacademicstandardsandlessstringentgraduationrequirements.
b.manystatedepartmentsofeducationacceptingteacherswithadegreeoutsideofeducation,butexperience
insuccessfullyrunningtheirownbusinesses.
c.lessaccountabilityforschooldistricts,administrators,andteachers.​
d.theNoChildLeftBehindAct(PL107-110),withtheaimoffurtheraligningspecialeducationandgeneral
educationintoaunifieddeliverysystemtoserveallstudents.​
26.TheIndividualswithDisabilitiesEducationImprovementActof2004​:
a.​significantlyaffectsstudents,buthaslittleeffectontheprofessionallivesofgeneralandspecialeducation
teachers.
b.hasnotaffectedstate-anddistrict-wideassessmentpoliciesforchildrenwithdisabilities.
c.​resultedinchangestotheIEP,suchasshort-termobjectivesandbenchmarksnolongerbeingrequired,except
forstudentswhoareevaluatedbymeansofalternativeassessments.
d.​continuestorequirenewIEPstobedevelopedeveryyearforeverystudentwhoreceivesspecialeducation
services.
27.​TheIndividualswithDisabilitiesEducationImprovementActof2004:
a.​requiresschooldistrictstodetermineeligibilityforspecialeducationserviceswithinsixmonthsafterparent
permissionforanevaluationisreceived.
b.​statesthatareevaluationmustoccuratleastonceeverytwoyears,unlesstheschoolandparentagreethata
reevaluationisnotnecessary.
c.​holdsschooldistrictsresponsibleforprovidingafreeandappropriatepubliceducationforstudentsevenifa
parentrefusestogiveconsentforspecialeducationservices.
d.​requiresallstudentstakepartinallstate-anddistrict-wideassessmentswithaccommodationsoralternative
assessmentsifnecessary,asstipulatedinthestudent’sIEP.
28.Universaldesigninthecontextofinstructionalmaterials​:
a.​providesaccesstothecurriculumforallstudents.
b.​cannotbegintoaddresstheneedsofdiverselearners.
c.​meanscreatingadifferentcurriculumandmaterialsforeachstudentbasedupontheirdisability.
d.​modifiesworkbasedupontheneedsofstudentswithdisabilitiesasstatedintheirIEP.
SubjectiveShortAnswer
29.Whyhastheissueofappropriateplacementofchildrenwithdisabilitiesgeneratedsuchcontroversyanddebate?​
30.Explainwhytheconceptofuniversaldesignforlearningisimportantinfacilitatingeffectiveinclusion.​
31.Whymightaninclusiveenvironmentforastudentwithadisabilitynotalwaysbethemostappropriateplacement
option?​
32.ExplainwhyPL94-142wasthoughtofasa“BillofRights”forchildrenwithdisabilitiesandtheirfamilies.​
33.Whatimportantchangeswereintroducedbythe1990AmendmentstoPL94-142(e.g.,IDEA)?​
34.HowdoestheRehabilitationActof1973differfromtheIDEA?​
35.InwhatwaysdidtheADAof1990improvelifeforpersonswithdisabilities?​
36.WhataretheimplicationsoftheNCLBActforalleducatorsandtheirstudents?​
Essay
37.DiscusshowAmericanschoolshavechangedoverthelastthreedecades,andexplainthechallengespresentedby
theincreasedstudentdiversityintoday’sschools.​
38.Litigationandspecialeducationlegislationhavewhatthetextdescribesasanalmostsymbioticrelationship–oneof
mutualinterdependence.Describehowspecificcourtcasesimpactedspecialeducationlaws,andinturn,thecourt
casesthatarosetochallengeandclarifylegislation.​