Chapter 1: Introduction
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Managerial economics uses to help managers solve problems.
a.
formal models
b.
prescribed behavior
c.
quantitative methods
d.
microeconomic theory
e.
all of the above
2. Managerial economics draws upon all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
finance.
b.
microeconomics.
c.
accounting.
d.
marketing.
e.
sociology.
3. The economic theory of the firm assumes that the primary objective of a firm’s owner or owners is to:
a.
behave in a socially conscientious manner.
b.
maximize the firm’s profit.
c.
maximize the firm’s total sales.
d.
maximize the value of the firm.
e.
All of these are primary objectives.
4. In managerial economics, managers are assumed to maximize:
a.
current profits.
b.
their take-home pay.
c.
their employees’ welfare.
d.
the value of their firm.
e.
social welfare.
5. Owner-supplied labor is a cost that is usually:
a.
included in both accounting costs and economic costs.
b.
included in accounting costs but not in economic costs.
c.
included in economic costs but not in accounting costs.
d.
not included in either accounting costs or economic costs.
e.
ignored because it is impossible to place a value on it.
6. What is the relationship between economic and accounting profit?
a.
Economic profit is equal to accounting profit.
b.
Economic profit is greater than accounting profit.
c.
Economic profit is less than accounting profit.
d.
Economic profit may be equal to or less than accounting profit.
e.
Economic profit may be equal to or greater than accounting profit.
7. The difference between accounting and economic profit is:
a.
caused by confusion over tax laws.
b.
the value of owned resources in their next best alternative use.
c.
the result of superior training received by accountants.
d.
proportionately very small for owner-managed firms.
e.
a decreasing function of interest rates.
8. Managers make decisions that contribute to the profitability of a firm by:
a.
exploiting market efficiencies.
b.
taking on risks.
c.
engaging in illegal behavior.
d.
maximizing sales.
e.
manipulating the share price of the firm’s stock.
9. Economic profits may result from:
a.
innovation.
b.
risk taking.
c.
exploiting market inefficiencies.
d.
all of the above.
e.
a and b
10. Which of the following would a manager NOT use to create market inefficiencies?
a.
Establishing a brand name.
b.
Sophisticated pricing strategies.
c.
Diversification efforts.
d.
Output decisions.
e.
Building market entry barriers.
11. Managers may make decisions that are not consistent with the goals of stockholders. This is referred to
as the problem.
a.
principal–agent
b.
economic disincentive
c.
incentive–compromise
d.
efficiency–inefficiency
e.
equilibrium
12. Managers may choose to pursue goals other than maximization of a firm’s value. This is referred to as
the problem.
a.
slacker–shirking
b.
neuropathy
c.
generation X
d.
principal–agent
e.
none of the above
13. The principal–agent problem refers to:
a.
the threat from foreign competition.
b.
the need to manage inventory more effectively.
c.
double-entry bookkeeping.
d.
the potential costs of separation of ownership and control.
e.
the time value of money.
14. As a result of historically high gasoline prices in 2008, traffic volume in the United States (measured
in terms of billions of miles driven per month) declined significantly. These changes were caused by a
of gasoline and .
a.
surplus; a decrease in the quantity demanded of gasoline
b.
surplus; a decrease in the demand for gasoline
c.
shortage; a decrease in the quantity demanded of gasoline
d.
shortage; a decrease in the demand for gasoline
e.
shortage; an increase in the demand for gasoline
15. The market supply curve shows the quantity of a good or service that , holding other possible
influences constant.
a.
households would sell at various prices
b.
households would buy at various outputs
c.
firms would sell at various prices
d.
firms would buy at various prices
e.
households would buy at various prices
16. The market demand curve shows the quantity of a good or service that:
a.
households would sell at various prices.
b.
households would buy at various outputs.
c.
firms would sell at various prices.
d.
firms would buy at various prices.
e.
households would buy at various prices.
17. The price of computers has fallen, while the quantity purchased has remained constant. This implies
that the demand for computers has:
a.
decreased, while the supply of computers has increased.
b.
increased.
c.
decreased, while the supply of computers has decreased.
d.
increased, while the supply of computers has increased.
e.
become more volatile.
18. J. D. Power, the big management consulting firm, extols the reliability of Dell computers; this causes
the:
a.
demand for Dell computers to increase.
b.
supply of Dell computers to increase.
c.
quantity supplied of Dell computers to increase.
d.
quantity supplied of Dell computers to decrease.
e.
demand and supply of Dell computers to remain unchanged.
19. ConAgra has introduced a lean mixture of cereal and ground beef that is indistinguishable from ground
beef but has about the same amount of fat as chicken. As a result, the:
a.
demand for chicken increases.
b.
demand for ground beef decreases.
c.
demand for chicken decreases.
d.
demand for cereal decreases.
e.
supply of chicken increases.
20. In the following figure, there will be an excess supply at any price:
a.
above Pb.
b.
below Pb.
c.
other than Pb.
d.
below Pa.
e.
above Pc.
21. In the accompanying figure, the equilibrium price and quantity are:
a.
Pa and Qa.
b.
Pb and Qb.
c.
Pc and Qc.
d.
Pa and Qc.
e.
Pc and Qa.
22. In the following figure, there will be an excess demand at any price:
a.
below Pa.
b.
below Pb.
c.
other than Pb.
d.
above Pb.
e.
above Pc.
23. California imposes strict new regulations on the blending of gasoline that increase production costs. As
a result, the:
a.
demand for gasoline will increase.
b.
demand for gasoline will decrease.
c.
supply of gasoline will increase.
d.
supply of gasoline will decrease.
e.
demand for and supply of gasoline will not change.
24. Which of the following would be likely to reduce the demand for residential housing?
a.
High prices for residential housing units.
b.
High mortgage interest rates.
c.
High prices for lumber and other construction materials.
d.
Low unemployment rates.
e.
Low prices for residential housing units.