Page 1
1.
The point at which the axes of a graph intersect is called the:
A)
slope.
B)
origin.
C)
graph.
D)
intercept.
2.
The _____ of a curve shows the point at which the curve intersects an axis.
A)
slope
B)
steepness
C)
intercept
D)
origin
3.
If two variables are positively related, on a graph they will always be represented by a:
A)
line or curve that slopes downward.
B)
straight line.
C)
horizontal line.
D)
line or curve that slopes upward.
4.
If two variables are negatively related, they will always be represented by a:
A)
line or curve that slopes downward.
B)
straight line.
C)
horizontal line.
D)
line or curve that slopes upward.
5.
If two variables are negatively related:
A)
as one goes up in value, the other must go up in value, too.
B)
as one goes up in value, the other must go down in value.
C)
there is no relationship between the two.
D)
one variable is always the reciprocal of the other.
6.
If two variables are positively related:
A)
as one goes up in value, the other must go up in value, too.
B)
as one goes up in value, the other must go down in value.
C)
there is no relationship between the two.
D)
one variable is always the reciprocal of the other.
Page 2
7.
The relation between two variables that move in the same direction is said to be:
A)
independent.
B)
neutral.
C)
positive.
D)
indirect.
8.
The relation between two variables that move in opposite directions is said to be:
A)
independent.
B)
positive.
C)
direct.
D)
negative.
9.
On a two-dimensional graph representing two variables:
A)
a positive slope of a curve means the variables are negatively related.
B)
a negative slope of a curve means the two variables are positively related.
C)
a line that is horizontal has a zero slope.
D)
a line that is vertical has a zero slope.
Use the following to answer questions 10-12:
Page 3
10.
(Ref 1A-1 Figure: Cold Drinks Sold and Temperature) Use Figure: Cold Drinks Sold
and Temperature. If we move from point C to point E in the figure, the outside
temperature has _____ degrees and the number of cold drinks sold has _____.
A)
decreased by 30; decreased by 30
B)
increased by 20; increased by 20
C)
increased by 30; increased by 30
D)
increased by 40; increased by 40
11.
(Ref 1A-1 Figure: Cold Drinks Sold and Temperature) Use Figure: Cold Drinks Sold
and Temperature. If we move from point B to point C in the figure, the outside
temperature has _____ degrees and the number of cold drinks sold has _____.
A)
decreased by 30; decreased by 30
B)
increased by 20; increased by 20
C)
increased by 30; increased by 30
D)
increased by 40; increased by 40
12.
(Ref 1A-1 Figure: Cold Drinks Sold and Temperature) Use Figure: Cold Drinks Sold
and Temperature. If we move from point C to point D in the figure, the outside
temperature has _____ degrees and the number of cold drinks sold has _____.
A)
decreased by 30; decreased by 30
B)
increased by 20; increased by 20
C)
increased by 30; increased by 30
D)
increased by 40; increased by 40
Page 4
Use the following to answer questions 13-15:
13.
(Ref 1A-2 Figure: Hot Drinks Sold and Temperature) Use Figure: Hot Drinks Sold and
Temperature. If we move from point K to point L in the figure, the outside temperature
has _____ degrees and the number of hot drinks sold has _____.
A)
decreased by 30; increased by 30
B)
increased by 20; decreased by 20
C)
increased by 30; decreased by 30
D)
increased by 40; decreased by 40
14.
(Ref 1A-2 Figure: Hot Drinks Sold and Temperature) Use Figure: Hot Drinks Sold and
Temperature. If we move from point J to point L in the figure, the outside temperature
has _____ degrees and the number of hot drinks sold has _____.
A)
decreased by 30; increased by 30
B)
increased by 20; decreased by 20
C)
increased by 30; decreased by 30
D)
increased by 40; decreased by 40
Page 5
15.
(Ref 1A-2 Figure: Hot Drinks Sold and Temperature) Use Figure: Hot Drinks Sold and
Temperature. If we move from point L to point M in the figure, the outside temperature
has _____ degrees and the number of hot drinks sold has _____.
A)
decreased by 30; increased by 30
B)
increased by 20; decreased by 20
C)
increased by 30; decreased by 30
D)
increased by 40; decreased by 40
Use the following to answer questions 16-17:
16.
(Ref 1A-3 Figure: Good X and Good Y) Use Figure: Good X and Good Y. If we move
from point B to point C in the figure, the x-variable has _____ units and the y-variable
has _____ units.
A)
decreased by 2; increased by 15
B)
increased by 2; decreased by 15
C)
decreased by 15; increased by 2
D)
increased by 15; decreased by 2
Page 6
17.
(Ref 1A-3 Figure: Good X and Good Y) Use Figure: Good X and Good Y. If we move
from point C to point B in the figure, the x-variable has _____ units and the y-variable
has _____ units.
A)
decreased by 2; increased by 15
B)
increased by 2; decreased by 15
C)
decreased by 15; increased by 2
D)
increased by 15; decreased by 2
18.
In the graph of a curve, the vertical intercept is the:
A)
value of the y-variable when the value of the x-variable is equal to zero.
B)
change in the y-variable between two points divided by the change in the x-variable
between those same two points.
C)
value of the y-variable when the value of the slope is equal to zero.
D)
value of the x-variable when the value of the y-variable is equal to zero.
Use the following to answer questions 19-20:
Page 7
19.
(Ref 1A-5 Figure: Demand and Supply of Shirts) Use Figure: Demand and Supply of
Shirts. In the graph, if the line labeled D shows how many shirts per week will be
demanded at various prices, then it is clear that, as the price of shirts falls:
A)
fewer shirts will be demanded.
B)
more shirts will be demanded.
C)
the same quantity of shirts will be demanded.
D)
it is unclear what will happen to the quantity of shirts demanded.
20.
(Ref 1A-5 Figure: Demand and Supply of Shirts) Use Figure Demand and Supply of
Shirts. If the line labeled S shows how many shirts per week will be offered for sale at
various prices, then it is clear that, for supply, quantity and price are:
A)
linear.
B)
coordinated.
C)
nonlinear.
D)
negatively sloped.
Use the following to answer questions 21-22:
21.
(Ref 1A-7 Figure: Illustrating Slope) Use Figure: Illustrating Slope. In the graph, line 1
depicts X and Y to be:
A)
positively related.
B)
nonlinearly related.
C)
unrelated.
D)
negatively related.
Page 8
22.
(Ref 1A-7 Figure: Illustrating Slope) Use Figure: Illustrating Slope. In the graph, line 3
depicts X and Y to be:
A)
positively related.
B)
unrelated.
C)
negatively related.
D)
both fixed in value.
Use the following to answer questions 23-24:
23.
(Ref 1A-8 Figure: Demand and Supply) Use Figure: Demand and Supply. The curve
labeled D indicates that a price of $2 is associated with a quantity of:
A)
0.
B)
1.
C)
2.
D)
3.
24.
(Ref 1A-8 Figure: Demand and Supply) Use Figure: Demand and Supply. The curve
labeled S indicates that a price of $2 is associated with a quantity of:
A)
0.
B)
1.
C)
2.
D)
3.
Page 9
Use the following to answer question 25:
25.
(Ref 1A-9 Figure: Slope) Use Figure: Slope. This graph depicts _____ relationship
between the X and Y variables.
A)
a positive
B)
a negative
C)
an independent
D)
no
Use the following to answer questions 26-27:
Page 10
26.
(Ref 1A-10 Table: Wages and Hours Worked) Use Table: Wages and Hours Worked.
Graphing the relation with wages on the vertical axis and hours worked on the
horizontal axis, the slope between point D and point E is:
A)
0.5.
B)
5.
C)
45.
D)
2.
27.
(Ref 1A-10 Table: Wages and Hours Worked) Use Table: Wages and Hours Worked.
Graphing the relation with wages on the vertical axis and hours worked on the
horizontal axis, the slope between point A and point B is:
A)
2.5.
B)
5.
C)
2.
D)
2/5.
28.
Two points on a nonlinear curve have coordinates given by (5, 15) and (17, 13). The
average slope of the curve between these points is:
A)
-1/6.
B)
-6.
C)
1/4.
D)
2.5.
29.
If two points on a graph are (0, 8) and (12, 15):
A)
+1.
B)
0.
C)
-1.
D)
infinity.
Page 11
Use the following to answer questions 30-31:
30.
(Ref 1A-12 Figure: Demand and Supply) Use Figure: Demand and Supply. The slope of
the curve labeled D is:
A)
-1.
B)
0.
C)
1.
D)
3.
31.
(Ref 1A-12 Figure: Demand and Supply) Use Figure: Demand and Supply. The slope of
the curve labeled S is:
A)
-1.
B)
0.
C)
1.
D)
3.
32.
The slope of a straight line is the ratio of the:
A)
vertical change to the horizontal change.
B)
horizontal change to the vertical change.
C)
run over the rise.
D)
vertical change to the horizontal change, and it must be positive.
Page 12
Use the following to answer questions 33-34:
33.
(Ref 1A-13 Figure: Slope) Use Figure: Slope. In the graph, the slope of the line between
points A and B is:
A)
+8.
B)
-8.
C)
-2.
D)
+2.
34.
(Ref 1A-13 Figure: Slope) Use Figure: Slope. The slope of the line in the graph can be
calculated by:
A)
dividing the horizontal change by the vertical change.
B)
dividing the vertical change by the horizontal change.
C)
subtracting the sum of the Y values from the sum of the X values.
D)
adding the sum of the X values to the sum of the Y values.
35.
The ratio of the change in the variable on the vertical axis to the change in the variable
on the horizontal axis, measured between two points on the curve, is the:
A)
axis.
B)
slope.
C)
dependent variable.
D)
independent variable.
Page 13
Use the following to answer questions 36-39:
36.
(Ref 1A-14 Table: Price, Quantity Demanded, and Quantity Supplied) Use Table: Price,
Quantity Demanded, and Quantity Supplied. A linear relationship exists between:
A)
price and quantity demanded.
B)
price and quantity supplied.
C)
price and quantity demanded minus quantity supplied.
D)
quantity demanded and quantity supplied.
37.
(Ref 1A-14 Table: Price, Quantity Demanded, and Quantity Supplied) Use Table: Price,
Quantity Demanded, and Quantity Supplied. The data in the figure suggest a nonlinear
relation between:
A)
price and quantity demanded.
B)
price and quantity supplied.
C)
price and quantity demanded, as well as price and quantity supplied.
D)
The table does not show a nonlinear relation.
38.
(Ref 1A-14 Table: Price, Quantity Demanded, and Quantity Supplied) Use Table: Price,
Quantity Demanded, and Quantity Supplied. The slope of the line representing the
relation between price on the vertical axis and quantity supplied on the horizontal axis
is:
A)
equal to 1/2.
B)
equal to 1.
C)
equal to 2.
D)
different at different points on the line.
39.
(Ref 1A-14 Table: Price, Quantity Demanded, and Quantity Supplied) Use Table: Price,
Quantity Demanded, and Quantity Supplied. The slope of the line representing the
relationship between price on the vertical axis and quantity demanded on the horizontal
axis is:
A)
positive and constant.
B)
negative and getting steeper.
C)
positive and getting steeper.
D)
positive and getting flatter.
Page 14
Use the following to answer questions 40-44:
Figure: Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Rate
40.
(Ref 1A-16 Figure: Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Rate) Use Figure: Seasonally
Adjusted Unemployment Rate. The distance between each labeled point on the
horizontal axis is one year, and the distance between each labeled point on the vertical
axis is one percentage point of unemployment. What is the approximate slope of the
graph between 1/2004 and 1/2006 (using percentage point and years as the units on the
vertical and horizontal axes, respectively)?
A)
1/2
B)
1
C)
-1/2
D)
-2
41.
(Ref 1A-16 Figure: Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Rate) Use Figure: Seasonally
Adjusted Unemployment Rate. The distance between each labeled point on the
horizontal axis is one year, and the distance between each labeled point on the vertical
axis is one percentage point of unemployment. What is the approximate slope of the
graph between 1/2001 and 1/2003 (using percentage point and years as the units on the
vertical and horizontal axes, respectively)?
A)
2
B)
1
C)
-1
D)
-2
Page 15
42.
(Ref 1A-16 Figure: Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Rate) Use Figure: Seasonally
Adjusted Unemployment Rate. The distance between each labeled point on the
horizontal axis is one year, and the distance between each labeled point on the vertical
axis is one percentage point of unemployment. Unemployment was _____ between
1/2001 and 1/2002 and _____ between 1/1999 and 1/2000.
A)
increasing; decreasing
B)
increasing; increasing
C)
decreasing; increasing
D)
decreasing; decreasing
43.
(Ref 1A-16 Figure: Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Rate) Use Figure: Seasonally
Adjusted Unemployment Rate. The distance between each labeled point on the
horizontal axis is one year, and the distance between each labeled point on the vertical
axis is one percentage point of unemployment. Unemployment was _____ between
1/2001 and 1/2003 and _____ between 1/2007 and 1/2008.
A)
increasing; decreasing
B)
increasing; increasing
C)
decreasing; increasing
D)
decreasing; decreasing
44.
(Ref 1A-16 Figure: Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Rate) Use Figure: Seasonally
Adjusted Unemployment Rate. The distance between each labeled point on the
horizontal axis is one year, and the distance between each labeled point on the vertical
axis is one percentage point of unemployment. Using this graph, the unemployment rate
was at its lowest point (in the time window) shown in _____ and at its highest point (in
the time window shown) in _____.
A)
2003; 2000
B)
2007; 2001
C)
2003; 1999
D)
2000; 2003
Page 16
Use the following to answer questions 45-46:
Figure: Labor Force Participation Rate
45.
(Ref 1A-17 Figure: Labor Force Participation Rate) Use Figure: Labor Force
Participation Rate. Using the figure, the labor force participation rate for women was
_____ during 1970-1985 and _____ during 1998-2006.
A)
increasing; slightly decreasing
B)
increasing; increasing
C)
decreasing; increasing
D)
decreasing; constant
46.
(Ref 1A-17 Figure: Labor Force Participation Rate) Use Figure: Labor Force
Participation Rate. During 1970-1985, the labor force participation rate was _____ for
women and _____ for men.
A)
increasing; decreasing
B)
increasing; increasing
C)
decreasing; increasing
D)
decreasing; decreasing
Page 17
47.
Your boss asks you to graph company profits for the past 10 years. The best way to
show this information is with a(n):
A)
scatter diagram.
B)
pie chart.
C)
time-series graph.
D)
independent graph.
48.
The owner of the Dismal Philosopher, one of five bookstores on College Road, asks you
to make a graph showing each College Road bookstore’s share of all five stores’ book
purchases. The BEST way to show this information is with a(n):
A)
scatter diagram.
B)
pie chart.
C)
time-series graph.
D)
independent graph.
49.
Professor Macro wants to use a numerical graph to show the percentage of government
spending accounted for by its various components. Which graph is most suitable for this
purpose?
A)
a bar graph
B)
a pie chart
C)
a time-series graph
D)
a scatter diagram
50.
A positive relationship between swimsuits purchased and ice cream purchased could be
the result of:
A)
reverse causality.
B)
a magnified scale on the swimsuit axis.
C)
a truncation of the ice cream axis.
D)
an omitted variable, such as the external temperature.
51.
Taylor sees a bar graph showing the average weight of adult males over the past 200
years and concludes that men get more obese over time. Taylor’s conclusion may be
wrong since she did not consider:
A)
the features of construction.
B)
omitted variables.
C)
reverse causality.
D)
tangent lines.
Page 18
Use the following to answer questions 52-55:
Figure: Unemployment Rate over Time
52.
(Ref 1A-18 Figure: Unemployment Rate over Time) Look at the figure Unemployment
Rate over Time. In the time-series graph, as we move from the beginning of 2001 to the
beginning of 2003, we see that the unemployment rate has _____ from approximately
_____ to approximately _____.
A)
decreased; 5%; 4%
B)
increased; 5.3%; 7.3%
C)
decreased; 7.7%; 5.5%
D)
increased; 4%; 6%
53.
(Ref 1A-18 Figure: Unemployment Rate over Time) Use Figure: Unemployment Rate
over Time. In the time-series graph, as we move from 1993 to 1995, we see that the
unemployment rate has _____ from approximately _____% to approximately _____%.
A)
decreased; 5; 4
B)
increased; 5.3; 7.3
C)
decreased; 7; 5.5
D)
increased; 4; 6.3
Page 19
54.
(Ref 1A-18 Figure: Unemployment Rate over Time) Use Figure: Unemployment Rate
over Time. In the time-series graph, as we move from 1991 to 1993, we see that the
unemployment rate has _____ from approximately _____% to approximately _____%.
A)
decreased; 5; 4
B)
increased; 5.5; 7
C)
decreased; 7.8; 5
D)
increased; 4; 6.3
55.
(Ref 1A-18 Figure: Unemployment Rate over Time) Use Figure: Unemployment Rate
over Time. In the time-series graph, as we move from 1997 to 2001, we see that the
unemployment rate has _____ from approximately _____% to approximately _____%.
A)
decreased; 5; 4
B)
increased; 5.3; 7.3
C)
decreased; 7.8; 5.5
D)
increased; 4; 6.3
56.
A _____ graph shows how the value of one or more variables has changed over some
period.
A)
linear
B)
time-series
C)
nonlinear
D)
periodic table
57.
The scaling of the axes of a time-series graph:
A)
is not a critical element in presenting the intended information.
B)
may change the visual interpretation of the data.
C)
generally places the time period on the vertical axis.
D)
generally puts values of a variable, such as the unemployment rate, on the vertical
axis.
58.
In a time-series graph, large changes can be made to appear insignificant by:
A)
changing the scale of the axes.
B)
labeling more intervals.
C)
defining the dependent variable.
D)
defining the independent variable.
Page 20
59.
A scatter diagram shows:
A)
how far apart dependent variables are.
B)
individual points of data showing both variable values.
C)
the slope of a line.
D)
the intercept of a curve.
60.
The fact that two variables always move together over time:
A)
does not prove that one of the variables is dependent on the other.
B)
proves that one of the variables is dependent on the other.
C)
proves that changes in one variable cause changes in the other.
D)
is often illustrated or depicted using either a pie chart or a bar chart.
61.
A pie chart is used to depict information about:
A)
the relative shares of categories of data.
B)
the changes of a particular variable over time.
C)
positive, not negative, relationships among variables.
D)
the changes of a particular variable over time and positive relationships.
62.
A bar graph:
A)
is useful when showing what has happened over time.
B)
may be shown by vertical bars to illustrate the comparative sizes of different
observations.
C)
is useful when the true direction of causality between two variables is reversed.
D)
shows the percentages of a total amount that can be attributed to various
components.
63.
In looking at a chart of the positive relationship between police officers and crime, the
mayor remarks that more police officers cause more crime. The mayor may be wrong
because she did not consider:
A)
the features of construction.
B)
omitted variables.
C)
reverse causality.
D)
tangent lines.
Page 21
Use the following to answer questions 64-65:
64.
(Ref 1A-19 Figure: Consumption of Pizza and Tacos) Use Figure: Consumption of
Pizza and Tacos. The figure shows the number of tacos and pizza slices Matt can eat in
a day. The relation is nonlinear, and there is a negative relation between the number of
tacos and pizza slices that Matt can eat in a day.
A)
True
B)
False
65.
(Ref 1A-19 Figure: Consumption of Pizza and Tacos) Use Figure: Consumption of
Pizza and Tacos. The figure shows the number of tacos and pizza slices Matt can eat in
a day. The best estimate of the slope between point A and point B is -4.
A)
True
B)
False
66.
A linear curve has the same slope between every pair of points.
A)
True
B)
False
67.
The owner of the Dismal Philosopher, one of the five bookstores on College Road, asks
you to make a graph showing each College Road bookstore’s share of all five stores’
book purchases. A good way to show this information is with a pie chart.
A)
True
B)
False
Page 22
68.
A town hires more police officers and then has an increase in arrests. One can conclude
that the larger police force caused more crime.
A)
True
B)
False
69.
An economist wishes to build a model to explain the relationship between the number of
diamonds purchased every year and the average income of consumers in that year.
Which variable should be the dependent variable and which should be the independent
variable? All else equal, do you expect this relationship to be positive or negative?
Explain.
Page 24