10) Which of the following supports of the contention that pure competitors have a
weak incentive to engage in R&D?
A.Entry to purely competitive industries is easy and thus profit from innovation is
quickly competed away.
B.In pure competition, products are already highly differentiated.
C.Most purely competitive industries are increasing-cost industries.
D.Pure competitors are happy to earn only a normal profit.
11) assume that in year 1 you pay an average tax rate of 20 percent on a taxable income
of $20,000. in year 2, you pay an average tax rate of 25 percent on a taxable income of
$30,000. assuming no change in tax rates, the marginal tax rate on your additional
$10,000 of income is:
a.5 percent.
b.12 percent.
c.35 percent.
d.42 percent.
12) suppose a product creates substantial negative externalities. if government adopts a
policy that forces producers to pay these costs, the:
a.output of the product will decrease.
b.initial misallocation of resources will be intensified.
c.output of the product will increase.
d.price of the product will decrease.
13) barter:
a.is the major means of exchange in centrally planned economies.
b.accounts for over 30 percent of the dollar volume of all exchange in the u.s. economy.
c.entails the exchange of goods for goods.
d.is used to circumvent the problem of a lack of coincidence of wants among potential
buyers and sellers.
14) Expansionary fiscal policy is so named because it:
A.involves an expansion of the nation’s money supply.