Under the gold standard, all except one of the following are true. Which is not true?
a. Paper currency was convertible into gold at a fixed rate.
b. A balance-of-payments deficit would result in a loss of gold.
c. A balance-of-payments surplus would result in an inflow in gold.
d. The money supply of any country was largely determined by flows of gold.
e. A surplus country experienced a rise in its money supply and a drop in its price level.
Patent laws promote technical progress in all of the following ways except one. Which
is the exception?
a. They allow other firms to copy successful products as soon as they are marketed.
b. They prevent duplication of inventions.
c. They provide a stimulus to innovation.
d. They provide the inventor with a temporary monopoly.
e. They increase a firm’s incentive to incur the up-front costs of developing new
products.
In the United States, what percentage of smog comes from manufacturing sites?
a. 5 percent
b. 15 percent