10) In response to the overvalued dollar in the early 1970s, the German Bundesbank
bought ________ and sold ________ to keep the exchange rate fixed, gaining
international reserves.
A) marks; dollars
B) marks; pounds
C) dollars; marks
D) dollars; pounds
11) Critics of nationwide banking fear
A) an elimination of community banks
B) increased lending to small businesses
C) cutthroat competition
D) banks with economies of scale problems
12) Analysis of the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy provides four basic
lessons for a central bank’s conduct of monetary policy. Which of the following is not
one of these lessons?
A) Rising interest rates indicate a tightening of monetary policy, whereas falling interest
rates indicate an easing of monetary policy
B) Monetary policy can be highly effective in reviving a weak economy even if
short-term interest rates are already near zero
C) Avoiding unanticipated fluctuations in the price level is an important objective of
monetary policy, thus providing a rationale for price stability as the primary long-run
goal for monetary policy
D) Other asset prices beside those on short-term debt instruments do not contain
important information about the stance of monetary policy because they are important
elements in various monetary policy transmission mechanisms
13) If the aggregate price level at time t is denoted by Pt, the inflation rate from time t –
1 to t is defined as
A) = (Pt Pt – 1)/ Pt – 1
B) = (Pt + 1 – Pt – 1) /Pt – 1
C) = (Pt + 1 – Pt) /Pt
D) = (Pt – Pt – 1) /Pt