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Chapter 19

522 Chapter 19 ฀■ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ

Chapter Nineteen

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

In the box write the letter of the choice that is the definition of the term or best answers the

question. There is only one correct answer for each question.

1. Which term describes the spread of

malignant tumors to a distant

location? ……………………………………..

A. Metastasis

B. Anaplasia

C. Infiltration

D. Invasion

E. Encapsulation

2. Which is an example of a solid tumor

derived from epithelial tissue? …………

A. Leiomyoma

B. Rhabdomyoma

C. Chondrosarcoma

D. Adenocarcinoma of the lung

E. Ewing sarcoma

3. Which is a description of a fungating

tumor? ………………………………………..

A. Open, exposed surface on the tumor

B. Containing dead tissue

C. Characterized by inflammation

D. Large, soft, flesh tumor

E. Mushrooming pattern of growth as tumor

cells pile on top of each other

4. Which term includes sessile and

pedunculated types of growths? ……….

A. Polypoid

B. Cystic

C. Medullary

D. Verrucous

E. Necrotic

5. What term describes localized tumor

growth? ……………………………………….

A. Metastasis

B. Carcinoma in situ

C. Pleomorphic

D. Anaplastic

E. Sarcoma

6. Which is a description of

scirrhous-type tumors? …………………..

A. Form small nipple-like projections

B. Form microscopic glandular-type sacs

C. Hard densely packed tumor cells

D. Resemble squamous epithelial cells

E. Contain a variety of tumor cells

7. What does staging a tumor mean? …….

A. Assessing the degree of differentiation

B. Analyzing the microscopic appearance of

tumor cells

C. The tumor has spread

D. Assessing the extent of tumor spread

E. Treatment involves radiotherapy

8. What does mutagenic mean? ……………

A. Producing a change in the DNA of a cell

B. Increased cell growth

C. New growth in numbers of cells

D. Tumors are large and fleshy

E. Cells are very differentiated

9. What does the notation T1N2M0

mean? …………………………………………

A. Tumor is localized and no lymph nodes

are involved

B. Tumor cannot be assessed

C. Lymph nodes are not demonstrably

abnormal

D. Tumor is present with palpable regional

lymph nodes and no metastases

E. Metastasis to distant lymph nodes is

detectable

10. What is the definition of a

mutation? …………………………………….

A. Inheritable change in a cell

B. Specialization of cells

C. Plan for treatment of an illness

D. Cell division

E. Giving radiation in small doses

Chapter 19 ฀■ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ 523

11. Which is an example of genetic

material that causes cancer? ……………

A. Vinyl chloride

B. Hydrocarbons

C. Diethylstilbestrol

D. Alkylating agents

E. Oncogenes

12. Which is a description of

exenteration? ………………………………..

A. Malignant tissue is frozen

B. Cells are scraped from region

C. Tumors are burned

D. Wide resection of tumor and removal of

surrounding tissue

E. Material is taken from the vagina or cervix

and analyzed microscopically

13. What is the meaning of fulguration? …

A. Destruction of tissue by electric sparks

B. Treatment with drugs

C. Treatment with radiation

D. Tumor is removed by surgical excision

E. Aspiration biopsy technique

14. Which is an example of a known

type of inherited cancer? …………………

A. Bone cancer

B. Lung cancer

C. Retinoblastoma

D. Basal cell carcinoma

E. Adenocarcinoma of the cervix

15. What is a definition of modality? ………

A. Method of treatment

B. Damage to normal tissue

C. Change in genetic material

D. Description of the diagnosis

E. Death of cells

16. Which is a definition of a

radioresistant tumor? …………………….

A. Tumor is completely eradicated by

chemical therapy

B. Tumor requires large doses of radiation to

produce death of cells

C. Tumor in which irradiation causes

death of cancer cells without damage to

surrounding tissue

D. Tumor is not significantly affected by

drug treatment

E. Tumor is resistant to surgical

intervention

17. Which is a description of

cauterization? ……………………………….

A. Treating a tumor with freezing

temperatures

B. Treating tissue with heat

C. Drying tissue electrically

D. Surgical puncture to remove fluid

E. Removing cells by scraping the walls of an

organ

18. What is apoptosis? …………………………

A. Type of ionizing radiation

B. Programmed cell death

C. Prolapse of an eyelid

D. Use of drugs to increase the sensitivity of

tumors to x-rays

E. Abnormal growth of cells

19. What term means assisting or

aiding? ………………………………………..

A. Lethal

B. Fractionation

C. Aspiration

D. Adjuvant

E. Grading

20. Which term is used in treatment of

tumors with radiation? …………………..

A. Steroid

B. Antibiotic

C. Antimetabolite

D. Linear accelerator

E. Plant alkaloid

21. Which is a description of an estrogen

receptor assay? ……………………………..

A. Tests for the presence of

carcinoembryonic antigen in the blood

B. Tests for a portion of human chorionic

gonadotropin in serum of patients

C. Tests the presence of a protein antigen

in serum of liver and testicular cancer

patients

D. Tests the concentration of hormone

receptor sites in cells of breast cancer

patients

E. Tests for the amount of carcinogenic

hormones in the bloodstream of cancer

patients

524 Chapter 19 ฀■ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ

22. Which best describes a wide surgical

incision of the abdomen to detect

disease? ……………………………………….

A. Staging laparotomy

B. Liver and spleen scan

C. Peritoneoscopy

D. Bone marrow biopsy

E. Laparoscopy

23. Use of drugs to attack specific targets

(mutations) that drive cancer cell

growth. ……………………………………….

A. Carcinogen

B. Molecularly targeted therapy

C. Alkylating agent used for chemotherapy

D. Type of electron beam

E. Mitosis

24. What term means return of

symptoms of disease? …………………….

A. Remission

B. Mutation

C. Metastasis

D. Relapse

E. Differentiation

25. Which term means cancerous tumor

derived from bone? ………………………..

A. Adenocarcinoma

B. Osteogenic sarcoma

C. Osteoma

D. Chondrosarcoma

E. Wilms tumor

26. A side effect of radiation therapy

(redness of skin): ………………………….

A. Alopecia

B. Myelosuppression

C. Mucositis

D. Fibrosis

E. Erythema

27. A side effect of chemotherapy or

radiotherapy (hair loss): …………………

A. Alopecia

B Myelosuppression

C. Mucositis

D. Fibrosis

E. Erythema

28. A side effect of radiation therapy to

the lungs (abnormal growth of

connective tissue): …………………………

A. Alopecia

B. Myelosuppression

C. Mucositis

D. Fibrosis

E. Erythema

29. Hypoplasia of bone marrow: …………….

A. Alopecia

B. Myelosuppression

C. Mucositis

D. Fibrosis

E. Erythema

30. Inflammation of the inner lining of an

organ: …………………………………………

A. Alopecia

B. Myelosuppression

C. Mucositis

D. Fibrosis

E. Erythema

Chapter 19 ฀■ VOCABULARY QUIZ 525

Chapter Nineteen

VOCABULARY QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

A. Match the following terms with their meanings below:

adjuvant chemotherapy antimetabolites benign tumor

alkylating agents antimitotics biologic response modifiers

anaplasia apoptosis immunotherapy

antibiotics

1. Substances produced by normal cells that either directly block tumor

growth or stimulate the immune system to fight cancer __________________________________

2. Synthetic chemicals containing alkyl groups that interfere

with DNA synthesis ________________________________________________________________

3. Loss of differentiation of cells ________________________________________________________

4. Programmed cell death _____________________________________________________________

5. Chemicals that prevent cell division by inhibiting formation of

substances necessary to make DNA ___________________________________________________

6. Cancer treatment using immune cells and antibodies to kill tumor cells _____________________

7. Noncancerous growth ______________________________________________________________

8. Chemical substances, produced by bacteria or primitive plants; inhibit

the growth of cells in cancer chemotherapy ____________________________________________

9. Drugs that block mitosis (cell division) ________________________________________________

10. Assisting primary treatment _________________________________________________________

B. Match the following terms with their meanings below:

carcinogens deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) immunotherapy

carcinoma differentiation neoadjuvant chemotherapy

chemotherapy electron beams undifferentiated

dedifferentiation

1. Treatment with drugs ______________________________________________________________

2. Genetic material within the nucleus of a cell ____________________________________________

3. Cancerous tumor __________________________________________________________________

4. Description of cells without specialized (mature) structures or functions _____________________

5. Treatment using immune cells and antibodies to kill tumor cells ___________________________

526 Chapter 19 ฀■ VOCABULARY QUIZ

6. Loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive

type; anaplasia ____________________________________________________________________

7. Agents that cause cancer; chemicals, drugs, radiation, viruses ______________________________

8. Drugs are given before primary treatment to reduce the size of the tumor ____________________

9. Low-energy beams of radiation for treatment of skin or surface tumors ______________________

10. Specialization of cells ______________________________________________________________

C. Match the following terms with their meanings below:

external beam radiation gray (Gy) mitosis

fractionation irradiation modality

genetic screening metastasis morbidity

grading of tumors

1. Unit of absorbed radiation dose ______________________________________________________

2. Exposure to any form of radiant energy such as light, heat, or x-rays ________________________

3. Evaluation of the degree of maturity of tumor cells ______________________________________

4. Giving radiation in small, repeated doses _______________________________________________

5. Replication of cells; two identical cells from a parent cell __________________________________

6. Spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site _________________________________________

7. Condition of being diseased _________________________________________________________

8. Family members are tested to determine whether they have inherited

a cancer-causing gene ______________________________________________________________

9. Radiation applied to a tumor from a distant source ______________________________________

10. Method of treatment, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation __________________________

D. Match the following terms with their meanings listed below:

mucinous oncogene protocol

mutation palliative proton therapy

neoplasm pedunculated radiation

nucleotide

1. Energy carried by a stream of particles ________________________________________________

2. Unit of DNA composed of a sugar, phosphate, and a base __________________________________

3. Possessing a stem or stalk (peduncle) _________________________________________________

4. Subatomic particles produced by a cyclotron deposit an absorbed dose

of radiation at a focused point in the body ______________________________________________

5. New growth (tumor) _______________________________________________________________

6. Detailed plan for treatment __________________________________________________________

Chapter 19 ฀■ VOCABULARY QUIZ 527

7. Region of DNA in tumor cells or in viruses that cause cancer ______________________________

8. Change in genetic material (DNA) of a cell _____________________________________________

9. Relieving, but not curing symptoms __________________________________________________

10. Containing mucus _________________________________________________________________

E. Match the following terms with their meanings listed below:

radiocurable tumor radiotherapy sarcoma

radioresistant tumor relapse simulation

radiosensitive tumor remission steroids

radiosensitizers ribonucleic acid (RNA) stereotactic radiosurgery

1. Study using CT scan or MRI to map treatment prior to

radiation treatment ________________________________________________________________

2. Return of symptoms of disease _______________________________________________________

3. Treatment of tumors using radiation; radiation oncology __________________________________

4. Dose of radiation delivered under highly precise guidance

(Gamma Knife surgery) _____________________________________________________________

5. Tumor cells that are destroyed by radiation therapy ______________________________________

6. Partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of disease _________________________________

7. Tumor cells that require large doses of radiation to be destroyed ____________________________

8. Cellular substance that along with DNA plays an important role in

protein synthesis __________________________________________________________________

9. Drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumors to x-rays ____________________________________

10. Complex, naturally occurring chemicals (such as hormones) that are

used in cancer chemotherapy ________________________________________________________

11. Cancerous tumor derived from connective or flesh tissue _________________________________

12. Tumor in which radiation can cause the death of cells without serious

damage to surrounding tissue _______________________________________________________

528 Chapter 19 ฀■ TERMINOLOGY QUIZ

Chapter Nineteen

TERMINOLOGY QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

A. Use the following word parts to create or complete the terms from the definitions below:

alveol/o cry/o fung/i

cac/o cyst/o sarc/o

carcin/o electr/o -ic

cauter/o fibr/o -oma

chem/o follicul/o -therapy

1. Localized cancer; confined to the site of origin: ____________________________________ in situ

2. Surgery with using cold temperatures: __________________________________________ surgery

3. General ill health and malnutrition: ______________________________________________ hexia.

4. Pertaining to small glandular sacs, as seen under the microscope: ________________________ ar

5. Treatment with drugs: ______________________________________________________________

6. Malignant tumor of fibrous tissue: ____________________________________________________

7. Pertaining to tumor cells arranged in small sacs, as seen under a microscope: ______________ ar

8. Burning tissue using electricity: ________________________________________________ ization.

9. Pertaining to a tumor with large open spaces filled with fluid: _________________________ tumor

10. Mushrooming pattern of tumor growth: _____________________________________ ating tumor

B. Use the following word parts to create or complete the terms from the definitions below:

fibromat/o necr/o plas/o -tic

medull/o neur/o ple/o dys-

mucos/o onc/o -itis

mut/a papill/o -logy

mutagen/o pharmac/o -osis

1. Pertaining to a tumor containing dead tissue: ______________________________________ tumor

2. Inflammation of a mucous membrane: ________________________________________________

3. Pertaining to causing genetic change: _______________________________________________ ic

4. Forming small finger-like or nipple-like projection of cells as seen under a

microscope: ___________________________________________________________________ ary

5. Change in the genetic material (DNA) of a cell: ______________________________________ ation

6. Study of tumors: __________________________________________________________________ .

7. Tumor cells forming a variety of cells, as seen under a microscope: __________________ morphic

Chapter 19 ฀■ TERMINOLOGY QUIZ 529

8. Tumors of fibrous tissue surrounding nerves (a genetic disorder): __________________________

9. Abnormal-appearing (but not clearly cancerous) cells as seen under a microscope: ___________ tic

10. Pertaining to a large, soft, fleshy tumor: _______________________________________ ary tumor

C. Use the following word parts to create or complete the terms from the definitions below:

aden/o polyp/o xer/o

angi/o radi/o -blastoma

carcin/o retin/o -genesis

neur/o sarc/o -ous

oste/o scirrh/o -plasia

1. Densely packed tumor cells, as seen under a microscope: _________________________________

2. Use of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease: __________________ ation

3. Cancer treatment using immune cells and antibodies to kill tumor cells: _____________________

4. Growths that are like projections extending outward from a base: ___________________ oid tumor

5. Childhood cancer arising from immature cells in the posterior, light-sensitive area of the

eye: _____________________________________________________________________________

6. Childhood cancer that arises in immature cells of the autonomic

nervous system: ___________________________________________________________________

7. Condition of dry mouth: ______________________________________________________ stomia

8. Malignant tumor of bone: _______________________________________________________ oma

9. Malignant tumor of glandular tissue: ______________________________________________ oma

10. Condition of excessive formation of cells: hyper _________________________________________

D. Use the following word parts to create or complete the terms from the definitions below:

derm/o -plasm -therapy epi-

myel/o -ptosis ana- meta-

prot/o -stasis apo- neo-

radi/o -suppression brachy- tele-

1. Treatment using ionizing radiation to destroy tumor cells: ________________________________ .

2. Written plan detailing the procedures to be followed in research

or treatment: __________________________________________________________________ col.

3. Spread of a malignant tumor to a distant or secondary site: ________________________________ .

4. Radiation treatment delivered via a distant source

(external beam radiation): ___________________________________________________________

530 Chapter 19 ฀■ TERMINOLOGY QUIZ

5. Condition of loss of differentiation of cells (reversion to a more primitive formation):

____________________________________________________________________________ plasia

6. Programmed cell death: ____________________________________________________________

7. Cells that resemble epithelial cells, as seen under the microscope: _______________________ oid

8. Spread over side area: _________________________________________________________ plasia

9. Bone marrow activity is decreased (side effect of chemotherapy): ___________________________

10. Radiation delivered in close range to a tumor site: _______________________________________

11. New formation (growth): _______________________________________________________ plasm

Chapter 19 ฀■ LABORATORY TESTS AND CLINICAL PROCEDURES QUIZ 531

Chapter Nineteen

LABORATORY TESTS AND

CLINICAL PROCEDURES QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

Match the following laboratory tests and clinical procedures with their descriptions below:

bone marrow biopsy fiberoptic colonoscopy protein marker tests

bone marrow or stem cell transplant immunohistochemistry radionuclide scans

core needle biopsy laparoscopy

cytogenetic analysis mammography

exfoliative cytology PET/CT scan

1. X-ray examination of the breast to detect breast cancer ___________________________________

2. Aspiration of bone marrow tissue and examination under a microscope ______________________

3. Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using small incisions and an

endoscope _______________________________________________________________________

4. Radioactive substances are injected intravenously and images of organs are

obtained _________________________________________________________________________

5. Cells are scraped from the region of suspected disease and examined under a

microscope _______________________________________________________________________

6. Cells that give rise to blood cells are infused intravenously into a patient _____________________

7. Visual examination of the colon ______________________________________________________

8. Localizing antigens or proteins in tissues using labeled antibodies __________________________

9. CA-125, PSA, beta-hCG, and CEA are detected in the blood or on the surface of

tumor cells _______________________________________________________________________

10. Insertion of a large-bore needle into tissue to remove cells for microscopic

examination ______________________________________________________________________

11. Chromosomes of normal or tumor cells are examined for breaks, translocations,

or deletions of DNA ________________________________________________________________

12. Combination of two machines; one to examine chemical reactions and one to examine physical

structure ________________________________________________________________________

532 Chapter 19 ฀■ ABBREVIATIONS QUIZ

Chapter Nineteen

ABBREVIATIONS QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

On the line provided, give meanings for the following abbreviations, then write each abbreviation

next to its explanation below:

1. BMT _______________________________________________________________________________

2. bx _________________________________________________________________________________

3. CEA _______________________________________________________________________________

4. cGY _______________________________________________________________________________

5. ER ________________________________________________________________________________

6. EPO _______________________________________________________________________________

7. mets _______________________________________________________________________________

8. TNM _______________________________________________________________________________

9. VEGF ______________________________________________________________________________

10. XRT _______________________________________________________________________________

a. Protein marker found on breast

cancer cells

b. Treatment with irradiation

c. Dose of radiation

d. Staging system for malignant tumors

e. Removal of tissue and examination

under a microscope

f. Healthy blood-forming tissue is

transferred from a donor to a recipient

g. Hormone made in the kidney to

stimulate the formation of red blood cells

h. Spreading of malignant tumor

to a distant location

i. Protein that promotes the

formation of blood vessels

j. Protein that appears in the

blood (marker) of patients with colorectal,

pancreatic, and other cancers

Chapter 19 ฀■ EXERCISE QUIZ 533

Chapter Nineteen

EXERCISE QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

A. Identify the following characteristics of malignant tumors from their definitions below.

Word parts are given as clues.

1. Loss of differentiation of cells and reversion to a more primitive

cell type: ana _____________________________________________________________________

2. Extending beyond the normal tissue boundaries: in ______________________________________

3. Having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue: in ______________________________

4. Spreading to a secondary site: meta ___________________________________________________

B. Match the following terms or abbreviations with their meanings below:

chemical carcinogen mitosis oncogene RNA virus

DNA mutation radiation ultraviolet radiation

5. Replication of cells; two identical cells are produced from a parent cell ______________________

6. Cellular substance (ribonucleic acid) that is important in protein synthesis ___________________

7. Infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host’s genetic material to

make copies of itself _______________________________________________________________

8. Rays given off by the sun ____________________________________________________________

9. An agent (hydrocarbon, insecticide, hormone) that causes cancer ___________________________

10. Genetic material within the nucleus that controls replication

and protein synthesis ______________________________________________________________

11. Region of genetic material that causes cancer; found in tumor

cells or viruses ____________________________________________________________________

12. Change in the genetic material of a cell ________________________________________________

13. Energy carried by a stream of particles ________________________________________________

C. Give meanings for the following terms:

14. adenocarcinoma __________________________________________________________________

15. osteosarcoma _____________________________________________________________________

16. benign __________________________________________________________________________

17. differentiation ____________________________________________________________________

18. neoplasm ________________________________________________________________________

534 Chapter 19 ฀■ EXERCISE QUIZ

D. Name the terms that describe microscopic tumor growth. Definitions and word parts

are given.

19. forming small nipple-like projections: papill ____________________________________________

20. abnormal formation of cells: dys ______________________________________________________

21. localized growth of cells: carcin ______________________________________________________

22. densely packed; containing fibrous connective tissue: _________________________________ ous

23. patterns resembling microscopic sacs: alveol ___________________________________________

24. small gland-type sacs: foll ___________________________________________________________

25. lacking structures typical of mature cells: un ___________________________________________

E. Match the following gross descriptions of tumors with their meanings:

cystic inflammatory necrotic ulcerating

fungating medullary polypoid verrucous

26. characterized by redness, swelling, and heat ____________________________________________

27. tumors are large, soft, fleshy _________________________________________________________

28. containing dead tissue ______________________________________________________________

29. mushrooming pattern of growth _____________________________________________________

30. characterized by large, open, exposed surfaces __________________________________________

31. tumors form large, open spaces filled with fluid _________________________________________

32. tumors resemble wart-like growths ___________________________________________________

33. growths are projections from a base (sessile and pedunculated) ____________________________

F. Match the surgical procedure in Column I with its meaning in Column II.

Column I Column II

34. fulguration

35. en bloc resection

36. incisional biopsy

37. excisional biopsy

38. cryosurgery

39. cauterization

40. pelvic exenteration

___________

A. Removal of tumor and a margin of abnormal tissue for

diagnosis and possible cure for small tumors

B. Removal of entire tumor with large area of surrounding

tissue and lymph nodes

C. Burning a lesion

D. Destruction of tissue using heat

E. Cutting into tumor and removing a piece to establish

diagnosis

F. Freezing a lesion

G. Wide resection involving tumor, organ of origin, and

surrounding tissue in the area of the hip

Chapter 19 ฀■ EXERCISE QUIZ 535

G. Give meanings for the following terms:

41. relapse __________________________________________________________________________

42. morbidity ________________________________________________________________________

43. protocol _________________________________________________________________________

44. modality _________________________________________________________________________

45. remission ________________________________________________________________________

46. adjuvant chemotherapy _____________________________________________________________

H. Match the test or procedure with its description below:

beta-hCG test CEA test exfoliative cytology staging laparotomy

bone marrow biopsy core needle biopsy laparoscopy

CA-125 estrogen receptor assay PSA test

47. Test for the presence of a portion of human chorionic

gonadotropin hormone (a marker for testicular cancer) ___________________________________

48. Incision of the abdomen to determine extent of disease ___________________________________

49. Protein marker test to detect ovarian cancer cells in blood ________________________________

50. Visual examination of the abdominal cavity; peritoneoscopy _______________________________

51. Test for the presence of a hormone receptor on breast cancer cells __________________________

52. Removal and microscopic examination of bone marrow tissue _____________________________

53. Obtaining a plug of tissue for microscopic examination ___________________________________

54. Blood test for the presence of an antigen related to prostate cancer _________________________

55. Blood test for carcinoembryonic antigen (marker for GI cancer) ____________________________

56. Cells are scraped off tissue and microscopically examined _________________________________