Chapter 19-1: Cancer Medicine (Oncology)—Part 1
Chabner: The Language of Medicine, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Spread of malignant tumors to a distant location:
a.
Metastasis
b.
Anaplasia
c.
Infiltration
d.
Invasion
e.
Encapsulation
2. Example of a solid tumor derived from epithelial tissue:
a.
Leiomyoma
b.
Rhabdomyoma
c.
Chondrosarcoma
d.
Adenocarcinoma of the lung
e.
Ewing sarcoma
3. Description of a fungating tumor:
a.
Open, exposed surface on the tumor
b.
Containing dead tissue
c.
Characterized by inflammation
d.
Large, soft, flesh tumor
e.
Mushrooming pattern of growth as tumor cells pile on top of each other
4. Growths with sessile and pedunculated types:
a.
Polypoid
b.
Cystic
c.
Medullary
d.
Verrucous
e.
Necrotic
5. Localized tumor growth:
a.
Metastasis
b.
Carcinoma in situ
c.
Pleomorphic
d.
Anaplastic
e.
Sarcoma
6. Scirrhous-type tumors:
a.
Form small nipple-like projections
b.
Form small, microscopic glandular-type sacs
c.
Consist of hard, densely packed tumor cells
d.
Resemble squamous epithelial cells
e.
Contain a variety of tumor cells
7. Staging a tumor means:
a.
Assessing the degree of differentiation
b.
Analyzing the microscopic appearance of tumor cells
c.
The tumor has spread
d.
Assessing the extent of tumor spread
e.
Need for radiotherapy
8. Mutagenic means:
a.
Producing a change in the DNA of a cell
b.
Increased cell growth
c.
New growth in numbers of cells
d.
Tumors that are large and fleshy
e.
A high degree of differentiation of cells
9. Mutation:
a.
Inheritable change in a cell
b.
Specialization of cells
c.
Plan for treatment of an illness
d.
Cell division
e.
Giving radiation in small doses
10. Example of genetic material that causes cancer:
a.
Vinyl chloride
b.
Hydrocarbons
c.
Alkylating agents
d.
Oncogenes
11. Exenteration is BEST described as:
a.
Freezing malignant tissue
b.
Scraping cells from affected region
c.
Burning of tumors
d.
Wide resection of tumor and removal of surrounding tissue
e.
Taking material from the vagina or cervix to be analyzed microscopically
12. Fulguration:
a.
Destruction of tissue by electric sparks
b.
Treatment with drugs
c.
Treatment with radiation
d.
Tumor removal by surgical excision
e.
Aspiration biopsy technique
13. Example of a known type of inherited cancer:
a.
Bone cancer
b.
Lung cancer
c.
Retinoblastoma
d.
Basal cell carcinoma
e.
Adenocarcinoma of the cervix
14. Modality means:
a.
Method of treatment
b.
Damage to normal tissue
c.
Change in genetic material
d.
Description of the diagnosis
e.
Death of cells
15. Radioresistant tumor is a tumor:
a.
That can be completely eradicated by chemotherapy
b.
In which large doses of radiation are required to produce death of cells
c.
In which irradiation causes death of cancer cells without damage to surrounding
tissue
d.
That is not significantly affected by drug treatment
e.
That is resistant to surgical intervention
16. Cauterization:
a.
Treating a tumor with freezing temperatures
b.
Treating tissue with heat
c.
Drying tissue electrically
d.
Surgical puncture to remove fluid
e.
Removing cells by scraping the walls of an organ
17. Pharmacokinetics is BEST described as:
a.
A type of ionizing radiation
b.
Study of the distribution and removal of drugs in the body
c.
A method of giving x-ray treatment
d.
Use of drugs to increase the sensitivity of tumors to x-rays
e.
Abnormal growth of cells
18. Which term means assisting or aiding?
a.
Lethal
b.
Fractionation
c.
Aspiration
d.
Adjuvant
e.
Grading
19. Agent or device used in radiation therapy for tumors:
a.
Steroid
b.
Antibiotic
c.
Antimetabolite
d.
Linear accelerator
e.
Plant alkaloid
20. An estrogen receptor assay is BEST described as a test for:
a.
Presence of carcinoembryonic antigen in the blood
b.
Level of human chorionic gonadotropin in serum
c.
Presence of a protein antigen in serum of patients with liver or testicular cancer
d.
Concentration of hormone receptor sites in cells of patients with breast cancer
e.
Amount of carcinogenic hormones in the bloodstream of patients with cancer
21. Piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis:
a.
Incisional biopsy
b.
Liver and spleen scan
c.
Peritoneoscopy
d.
Bone marrow biopsy
e.
Laparoscopy
22. Interferon is BEST described as a/an:
a.
Carcinogen
b.
Molecularly targeted therapy
c.
Alkylating agent used for chemotherapy
d.
Type of electron beam
e.
Biologic response modifier
23. Return of symptoms of disease:
a.
Remission
b.
Mutation
c.
Metastasis
d.
Relapse
e.
Differentiation
24. A cancerous tumor derived from bone:
a.
Adenocarcinoma
b.
Osteogenic sarcoma
c.
Osteoma
d.
Chondrosarcoma
e.
Wilms tumor
25. Redness of skin, often a side effect of radiation therapy:
a.
Alopecia
b.
Myelosuppression
c.
Mucositis
d.
Fibrosis
e.
Erythema
26. Hair loss, often a side effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy:
a.
Alopecia
b.
Myelosuppression
c.
Mucositis
d.
Fibrosis
e.
Erythema
27. Abnormal growth of connective tissue, often a side effect of radiation therapy to the lungs:
a.
Alopecia
b.
Myelosuppression
c.
Mucositis
d.
Fibrosis
e.
Erythema
28. Hypoplasia of bone marrow:
a.
Alopecia
b.
Myelosuppression
c.
Mucositis
d.
Fibrosis
e.
Erythema
29. Inflammation of the inner lining of an organ:
a.
Alopecia
b.
Myelosuppression
c.
Mucositis
d.
Fibrosis
e.
Erythema
30. Malignant tumor of fibrous tissue:
a.
fibrosacroma
b.
fibrosarcoma
c.
fibrosarkoma
31. Additional treatment:
a.
adjuvant chemotherapy
b.
adjivent chemotherapy
c.
adjuvent chemotherapy
32. Replication of cells:
a.
miteosis
b.
mitosis
c.
meiosis
33. Specialization of cells:
a.
differentiation
b.
differantiation
c.
differentsheation
34. Return of disease symptoms:
a.
relaspe
b.
relapse
c.
relapze
35. Plan for treatment:
a.
protocal
b.
protokol
c.
protocol
36. Densely packed tumors:
a.
scirrhous
b.
skirrus
c.
scirrhus
37. Pertaining to tumors filled with mucus:
a.
mucinous
b.
mucanous
c.
musinous
38. Condition of being diseased:
a.
morbitity
b.
morbidity
c.
morbitidy
MATCHING
Match the following terms pertaining to cancer treatment with the correct
descriptions/definitions.
a.
adenocarcinoma
b.
alkylating agents
c.
anaplasia
d.
apoptosis
e.
cachexia
f.
carcinoma in situ
g.
differentiation
h.
en bloc resection
i.
exfoliative cytology
j.
fibrosarcoma
k.
fractionation
l.
laparoscopy
m.
metastasis
n.
morbidity
o.
mutagenic
p.
oncogene
q.
pedunculated
r.
radiosensitizer
1. Programmed cell death
2. Specialization of cells
3. Giving radiation therapy in small, repeated doses
4. Spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site
5. Condition of being diseased
6. Drug that increases the sensitivity of tumors to radiation therapy
7. Loss of specialization of cells; reversion to a more primitive type
8. Malignant tumor of connective tissue
9. Possessing a stem or stalk; characteristic of some polypoid tumors
10. Region of DNA found in tumor cells; examples are abl, ras, and src
11. Synthetic chemicals containing groups that interfere with DNA synthesis
12. Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using small incisions and an endoscope
13. Removal of tumor along with a large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes
14. Localized cancer; confined to the site of origin
15. Malnutrition associated with chronic disease (such as malignancy) and ill health
16. Malignant tumor of epithelial tissue (glandular cells)
17. Cells are scraped from an area of suspected disease and examined microscopically
18. Pertaining to producing change in cells
Match the terms or abbreviations with their correct descriptions/definitions.
a.
chemical carcinogen
b.
DNA
c.
mitosis
d.
mutation
e.
oncogene
f.
radiation
g.
RNA
h.
ultraviolet radiation
i.
virus
19. Replication of cells; two identical cells are produced from a parent cell
20. Cellular substance, ribonucleic acid, that is important in protein synthesis
21. Infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host’s genetic material to
make copies of itself
22. Rays given off by the sun
23. An agent that causes cancer; hydrocarbons, insecticides, and hormones are examples
24. Genetic material within the nucleus that controls replication and protein synthesis
25. Region of genetic material that causes cancer; found in tumor cells or viruses
26. Change in the genetic material of a cell
27. Energy carried by a stream of particles
Match the following gross features of tumors with their correct descriptions/definitions.
a.
cystic
b.
fungating
c.
inflammatory
d.
medullary
e.
necrotic
f.
polypoid
g.
ulcerating
h.
verrucous
28. Characterized by redness, swelling, and heat
29. Tumors are large, soft, and fleshy
30. Containing dead tissue
31. Mushrooming pattern of growth
32. Characterized by large, open, exposed surfaces
33. Tumors form large, open spaces filled with fluid
34. Tumors resemble wart-like growths
35. Growths are projections from a base (sessile and pedunculated)
Match the descriptions/definitions with the correct surgical procedures.
a.
removal of tumor and a margin of abnormal tissue for diagnosis of and possible
cure for small tumors
b.
removal of entire tumor with large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes
c.
burning a lesion
d.
destruction of tissue using heat
e.
cutting into tumor and removing a piece to establish diagnosis
36. Fulguration
37. En bloc resection
38. Incisional biopsy
39. Excisional biopsy
40. Cryosurgery
41. Cauterization
42. Pelvic exenteration
Match the following tests or procedures with their correct descriptions/definitions.
a.
-hCG test
b.
bone marrow biopsy
c.
CA-125
d.
CEA test
e.
estrogen receptor assay
f.
exfoliative cytology
g.
laparoscopy
h.
core needle biopsy
i.
PSA test
j.
fine needle aspiration
43. Test for the presence of a form of human chorionic gonadotropin (a hormone marker for
testicular cancer
44. Placement of a very thin needle inside the tumor mass and extracting cells for microscopic
evaluation
45. Protein marker test to detect ovarian cancer cells in blood
46. Visual examination of the abdominal cavity; peritoneoscopy
47. Test for the presence of a hormone receptor on breast cancer cells
48. Removal and microscopic examination of bone marrow tissue
49. Aspiration of tissue for microscopic examination
50. Blood test for the presence of an antigen related to prostate cancer
51. Blood test for carcinoembryonic antigen (marker for gastrointestinal cancer)
f.
freezing a lesion
of the hip
52. Cells are scraped off tissue and microscopically examined
Match the descriptions/definitions with their correct terms.
a.
capable of invasion and spread to surrounding or more distant sites
b.
harmless; not cancerous
c.
production of two identical cells from a parent cell
d.
plan for treatment
e.
to remove substances from a cavity using suction
f.
Growths that form projections extending outward from a base
g.
the condition of being diseased
h.
a new growth; tumor
i.
a substance that produces cancer
j.
containing dead tissue
53. Benign
54. Neoplasm
55. Morbidity
56. Protocol
57. Malignant
58. Polypoid
59. Necrotic
60. Mitosis
61. Carcinogen
62. Aspiration
Match the descriptions/definitions with the correct oncology-related abbreviations.
a.
promotes the growth of red blood cells
b.
microscopic examination of living tissue for diagnosis of disease
c.
unit of radiation equal to 1/100 of a rad
d.
secreted by tumors to stimulate formation of new blood vessels
e.
a biologic response modifier used in cancer treatment
f.
spread of malignant cells to a distant site
g.
infusion of undifferentiated blood cells into a patient to repopulate the bone
marrow
h.
protein factor that promotes growth of white blood cells
i.
brachytherapy and teletherapy are examples
j.
staging system for evaluating malignancies
63. MOAB
64. Gy
65. VEGF
66. PSCT
67. TNM
68. EPO
69. CSF
70. XRT
71. bx
72. mets
OBJ: Recall imaging studies, lab tests, and procedures used in oncology.
Match the terms with their correct descriptions/definitions.
a.
adjuvant chemotherapy
b.
alkylating agents
c.
anaplasia
d.
angiogenesis
e.
antibiotics
f.
antimetabolites
g.
antimitotics
h.
apoptosis
i.
benign tumor
j.
biologic response modifiers
73. Substances produced by normal cells that either directly block tumor growth or stimulate the
immune system to fight cancer
74. Synthetic chemicals containing alkyl groups that interfere with DNA synthesis
75. Loss of differentiation of cells
76. Programmed cell death
77. Chemicals that prevent cell division by inhibiting formation of substances necessary to make
DNA
78. Process of forming new blood vessels
79. Noncancerous growth
80. Chemical substances, produced by bacteria or primitive plants; inhibit the growth of cells in
cancer chemotherapy
81. Drugs that block mitosis (cell division)
82. Assisting primary treatment
Match the terms with their correct descriptions/definitions.