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Chapter 18

494 Chapter 18 ฀■ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ

Chapter Eighteen

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

In the box write the letter of the choice that is the definition of the term or best answers the

question. There is only one correct answer for each question.

1. Which is a function of the thyroid

gland? …………………………………………

A. Secretes immunologic substances

B. Secretes thymosin

C. Secretes corticosteroids

D. Secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone

E. Secretes thyroxine

2. What is another name for the anterior

lobe of the pituitary gland? ……………..

A. Hypophysis

B. Hypothalamus

C. Adenohypophysis

D. Neurohypophysis

E. Thalamus

3. Which of the following secretes

cortisol? ………………………………………

A. Testes

B. Ovaries

C. Adrenal medulla

D. Adrenal cortex

E. Pituitary gland

4. Which is a hormone secreted by the

pancreas? …………………………………….

A. Estrogen

B. Insulin

C. Vasopressin

D. Epinephrine

E. Glucose

5. Which hormone regulates calcium

in the blood and bones? ………………….

A. Parathyroid hormone

B. Thyroxine

C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone

D. Prolactin

E. Prostaglandins

6. Which hormone stimulates the

adrenal cortex to secrete

hormones? …………………………………..

A. Growth hormone

B. ADH

C. ACTH

D. Cortisone

E. Secretin

7. Which is an example of an

electrolyte? …………………………………..

A. Insulin

B. Sodium

C. Renin

D. Glucagon

E. Steroid

8. Which is an element that is present

in thyroxine? ………………………………..

A. Iron

B. Calcium

C. Vitamin D

D. Glucose

E. Iodine

9. Which is a hormone secreted by the

ovary and adrenal cortex? ………………..

A. Follicle-stimulating hormone

B. Luteinizing hormone

C. Androgen

D. Estrogen

E. Oxytocin

10. Which is a description of

gonadotropins? ……………………………..

A. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the

pituitary gland

B. Stimulate the growth of long bones

C. Stimulate glucose uptake in cells

D. Secreted by the testes

E. Stimulate the secretion of milk

11. What is the term for excessive

development of mammary tissue in

a male? ………………………………………..

A. Homeostasis

B. Hypogonadism

C. Galactorrhea

D. Gynecomastia

E. Hypernatremia

12. Kal/i is a combining form for which

substance? …………………………………..

A. Phosphorus

B. Sodium

C. Calcium

D. Milk

E. Potassium

Chapter 18 ฀■ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ 495

13. Insulin deficiency or resistance leads

to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis: ……

A. Graves disease

B. Diabetes mellitus

C. Cushing syndrome

D. Acromegaly

E. Myxedema

14. A group of symptoms produced by

excess of cortisol from the adrenal

cortex: …………………………………………

A. Graves disease

B. Diabetes mellitus

C. Cushing syndrome

D. Acromegaly

E. Myxedema

15. Advanced hypothyroidism in

adulthood: ……………………………………

A. Graves disease

B. Diabetes mellitus

C. Cushing syndrome

D. Acromegaly

E. Myxedema

16. Post-puberty hypersecretion of growth

hormone from the anterior pituitary

gland: ………………………………………….

A. Graves disease

B. Diabetes mellitus

C. Cushing syndrome

D. Acromegaly

E. Myxedema

17. Thyrotoxicosis; hypersecretion of the

thyroid gland: ……………………………….

A. Graves disease

B. Diabetes mellitus

C. Cushing syndrome

D. Acromegaly

E. Myxedema

18. Which term means enlargement of the

thyroid gland? ………………………………

A. Hypergonadism

B. Euthyroid

C. Goiter

D. Hypophyseal enlargement

E. Tetany

19. Exophthalmos is a symptom of which

endocrine disorder? ……………………….

A. Endemic goiter

B. Thyroid carcinoma

C. Graves disease

D. Nodular goiter

E. Pituitary gland hypertrophy

20. Which is a description of

tetany? ………………………………………..

A. Constant muscle contraction

B. Increased bone growth

C. Hypercalcemia

D. Hypokalemia

E. Hypernatremia

21. Natr/o is the combining form for

which substance? ………………………….

A. Sugar

B. Milk

C. Sodium

D. Iodine

E. Potassium

22. Characteristic of type 1 diabetes

mellitus? ……………………………………..

A. Gradual onset; patient is asymptomatic

B. Ketoacidosis seldom occurs

C. Treatment is diet and oral hypoglycemic

agents

D. Little or no insulin produced

E. Usually occurs after age 30

23. Which of the following is associated

with neuropathy, nephropathy, and

retinopathy? …………………………………

A. Hyperthyroidism

B. Deficient ADH secretion

C. Secondary complications of diabetes

mellitus

D. Hypergonadism

E. Panhypopituitarism

24. Which is a description of

achondroplasia? …………………………….

A. Enlargement of extremities

B. Defective cartilage formation that affects

bone growth

C. Tumor of the sella turcica

D. Abnormal formation of cartilage in an

adult

E. Hyperfunctioning of pituitary gland

25. Which is a description of a thyroid

scan? …………………………………………..

A. CT image of thyroid gland

B. Radioimmunoassay of thyroxine in the

bloodstream

C. Ultrasound image of the neck

D. Skull x-ray of the brain

E. Administration of radioactive compound

and visualization with a scanner to detect

tumors or nodules

496 Chapter 18 ฀■ VOCABULARY QUIZ

Chapter Eighteen

VOCABULARY QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

A. Match the following glands with their descriptions below:

adrenal cortex pancreas testes

adrenal medulla parathyroid glands thyroid gland

ovaries pituitary gland

1. Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male _________________________________________

2. Located behind the stomach; alpha and beta islet cells secrete hormones _____________________

3. Located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine _________________________

4. Inner section of a gland above each kidney; secretes epinephrine ____________________________

5. Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; hypophysis _____________________________

6. Outer section of a gland above each kidney: secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex

hormones ________________________________________________________________________

7. Located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg cell production and

estrogen secretion _________________________________________________________________

8. Four small glands on the posterior side of the thyroid gland _______________________________

B. Match the following hormones with their descriptions below:

adrenaline (epinephrine) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) estradiol

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) calcitonin follicle-stimulating hormone

aldosterone cortisol glucagon

androgen

1. Male hormone secreted by the testes __________________________________________________

2. Female hormone secreted by the ovaries _______________________________________________

3. Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; vasopressin ___________________________

4. Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure ____________________

5. Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels ______________________________

6. Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt reabsorption ________________________________

7. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates hormone secretion and

egg production by the ovaries ________________________________________________________

8. Secreted by the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen

to glucose ________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 18 ฀■ VOCABULARY QUIZ 497

9. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates secretions of the

adrenal cortex ____________________________________________________________________

10. Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar ____________________________________

C. Match the following hormones with their descriptions below:

growth hormone (somatotropin) oxytocin testosterone

insulin parathormone thyroid-stimulating hormone

luteinizing hormone prolactin progesterone

thyroxine

1. Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy ________________________________

2. Secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas; lowers blood sugar _____________________________

3. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes

milk secretion ____________________________________________________________________

4. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates secretion by the

thyroid gland _____________________________________________________________________

5. Male hormone secreted by the testes __________________________________________________

6. Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus

during childbirth __________________________________________________________________

7. Secreted by the thyroid gland; increases metabolism in cells; T4 ____________________________

8. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation _____________________

9. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones

and soft tissues ___________________________________________________________________

10. Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium _______________________________

498 Chapter 18 ฀■ VOCABULARY QUIZ

D. Match the following terms with their descriptions below:

catecholamines hypothalamus sella turcica

corticosteroids glucocorticoid sympathomimetic

electrolyte mineralocorticoid target tissue

homeostasis

1. Region of the brain lying below the thalamus; secretes factors and hormones that affect

the pituitary gland _________________________________________________________________

2. Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland ______________________________________

3. Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment ______________________

4. Mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system; adrenaline is

an example _______________________________________________________________________

5. Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells;

potassium is an example ____________________________________________________________

6. Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal

medulla _________________________________________________________________________

7. Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones _______________________

8. Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates mineral salts

and water balance _________________________________________________________________

9. Steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex; cortisol, aldosterone, and sex

hormones are examples _____________________________________________________________

10. Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein

metabolism ______________________________________________________________________

Chapter 18 ฀■ TERMINOLOGY QUIZ 499

Chapter Eighteen

TERMINOLOGY QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

A. Using the following word parts, create or complete terms based on the following definitions:

adrenal/o pituitar/o -itis -uria

gonad/o thyr/o -pathy hyper–

pancreat/o thyroid/o -tropic hypo-

parathyroid/o -ectomy tropin poly-

1. Removal of a gland behind the thyroid gland: ___________________________________________

2. A hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland: ___________________________________ hormone

3. Removal of one of the glands above the kidney: __________________________________________

4. Condition of decreased secretion of the master gland: _________________________________ ism

5. Inflammation of the thyroid gland: ___________________________________________________

6. Resection of an endocrine gland below the stomach: _____________________________________

7. Any hormone that stimulates the sex glands: ___________________________________________

8. Condition of excessive urination: _____________________________________________________

9. Deficiency (in growth and secretions) of the sex glands: ________________________________ ism

B. Using the following word parts, create or complete terms based on the following definitions:

andr/o dips/o -emia

calc/o, calci/o estr/o hyper–

cortic/o gluc/o hypo-

crin/o glyc/o

1. High levels of sugar in the blood: _____________________________________________________

2. Excessive thirst: _________________________________________________________________ ia

3. Low levels of calcium in the blood: ____________________________________________________

4. A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex: _______________________________________ steroid

5. Pertaining to sugar in the blood: _________________________________________________ emic

6. High levels of calcium in the urine: ___________________________________________________

7. Male hormone (producing male characteristics): _____________________________________ gen

8. Pertaining to producing female characteristics: ____________________________________ genic

9. High levels of calcium in the blood: ___________________________________________________

10. Animal starch: _________________________________________________________________ gen

500 Chapter 18 ฀■ TERMINOLOGY QUIZ

C. Using the following word parts, create or complete terms based on the following definitions:

home/o natr/o toxic/o -osis

hormon/o phys/o -ectomy anti-

kal/i somat/o -emia hypo-

lact/o ster/o -in, ine

myx/o toc/o

1. Removal of the pituitary gland: hypo __________________________________________________

2. A hormone that promotes rapid labor and delivery: oxy ___________________________________in

3. Low levels of sodium in the blood: ____________________________________________________

4. Hormone that stimulates milk secretion: pro __________________________________________in

5. Chemical that promotes water loss in urine: ______________________________ diuretic hormone

6. Abnormal condition of mucus-like material under the skin: _________________________ edema

7. Abnormal condition of oversecretion from the thyroid gland: thyro _________________________

8. Low levels of potassium in the blood: __________________________________________________

9. Growth hormone: ____________________________________________________________ tropin

10. Many hormones are examples of this solid, ring-shaped molecule: _______________________ oid

D. Using the following word parts, create or complete terms based on the following definitions:

glycos/o -emia hyper–

glyc/o -in, ine hypo-

kal/i -tropin pan-

pituitar/o -uria tetra-

-agon eu- tri-

1. Decrease of all hormones secreted by the pituitary gland: ______________________________ ism

2. Condition of sugar in urine: _________________________________________________________

3. Low levels of sugar in the blood: ______________________________________________________

4. High levels of potassium in the blood: _________________________________________________

5. Thyroid gland hormone (T4): __________________ iodothyron _________________________ ine

6. Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the adrenal cortex:

adrenocortico _____________________________________________________________________

7. Normal thyroid function: _____________________________________________________ thyroid

8. Deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas: _________________________________ insulinism

9. Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla: epinephr _____________________________________

10. Hormone secreted by the pancreas to increase blood sugar levels: gluc ______________________

Chapter 18 ฀■ PATHOLOGY QUIZ 501

Chapter Eighteen

PATHOLOGY QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

A. Match the following abnormal conditions with their descriptions below:

Addison disease hyperparathyroidism pheochromocytoma

adrenal virilism hyperthyroidism thyroid carcinoma

cretinism hypoparathyroidism

Cushing syndrome myxedema

1. Cancer of the thyroid gland (papillary and follicular are types) _____________________________

2. Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood ________________________________________________

3. Deficient production of parathyroid hormone (tetany results) ______________________________

4. Excessive secretion of adrenal gland androgens _________________________________________

5. Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex _________________________________________________

6. Excessive production of parathormone ________________________________________________

7. Extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood ___________________________________

8. Overactivity of the thyroid gland (thyrotoxicosis) ________________________________________

9. Group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from

the adrenal cortex _________________________________________________________________

10. Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla _________________________________________________

B. Match the following abnormal conditions with their descriptions below:

acromegaly dwarfism panhypopituitarism

diabetes insipidus gigantism syndrome of inappropriate ADH

diabetes mellitus hyperinsulinism

1. Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) _______________________________

2. Congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone __________________________________________

3. Hypersecretion of the anterior pituitary gland beginning after puberty ______________________

4. Hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary

beginning before puberty ___________________________________________________________

5. Deficiency of all pituitary hormones __________________________________________________

6. Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin to promote sugar, starch and fat (carbohydrate)

metabolism in cells ________________________________________________________________

7. Excess secretion of insulin leads to hypoglycemia ________________________________________

8. Excess secretion of antidiuretic hormone ______________________________________________

502 Chapter 18 ฀■ LABORATORY TESTS AND CLINICAL PROCEDURES QUIZ

Chapter Eighteen

LABORATORY TESTS AND CLINICAL

PROCEDURES QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

Match the following tests and procedures with their descriptions below:

exophthalmometry serum and urine tests

fasting plasma glucose thyroid function tests

radioactive iodine uptake scan thyroid scan

1. Measurement of eyeball protrusion (sign of Graves disease): ________________________________

2. Device detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland after IV administration of

radioactive technetium compound: ____________________________________________________

3. Measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream: _____________________________________

4. Measures circulating glucose level in a patient who as fasted at least

8 hours: __________________________________________________________________________

5. Radioactive iodine is given orally and its uptake by the thyroid gland

is imaged: ________________________________________________________________________

6. Hormones, electrolytes, glucose and other substances are measured

in blood and urine: ________________________________________________________________

Chapter 18 ฀■ ABBREVIATIONS QUIZ 503

Chapter Eighteen

ABBREVIATIONS QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

On the line provided, give meanings for the following abbreviations, then write each abbreviation

next to its explanation below:

1. TSH _______________________________________________________________________________

2. RAI ________________________________________________________________________________

3. Na+ ________________________________________________________________________________

4. GH ________________________________________________________________________________

5. T4 _________________________________________________________________________________

6. GTT _______________________________________________________________________________

7. ACTH ______________________________________________________________________________

8. TFT _______________________________________________________________________________

9. DM ________________________________________________________________________________

10. DI _________________________________________________________________________________

a. __________ Type 1 and type 2 are forms of this

condition

b. __________ This is an electrolyte

c. __________ This test assesses the function of

an endocrine gland in the neck

d. __________ Secretion of this hormone

stimulates an endocrine gland above the kidney

e. __________ Secretion of this hormone from

the anterior pituitary gland stimulates an

endocrine gland in the neck

f. __________ Hormone secreted from the

thyroid gland

g. __________ Treatment for Graves disease

to destroy an overactive thyroid gland

h. __________ Posterior pituitary gland fails

to release vasopressin

i. __________ Somatotropin

j. __________ Test to assess the sugar levels

in the blood

504 Chapter 18 ฀■ EXERCISE QUIZ

Chapter Eighteen

EXERCISE QUIZ

Name: ______________________________

A. Name the endocrine organs that produce the following hormones:

1. insulin _____________________________ 6. aldosterone ____________________________

2. cortisol _____________________________ 7. vasopressin ____________________________

3. epinephrine _________________________ 8. estradiol ______________________________

4. follicle-stimulating hormone ___________ 9. growth hormone _______________________

5. thyroxine ___________________________ 10. progesterone ___________________________

B. Give the meaning of the following abbreviations for hormones:

11. ACTH ______________________________ 15. T4 ____________________________________

12. ADH _______________________________ 16. T3 ____________________________________

13. TSH _______________________________ 17. LH ___________________________________

14. PTH _______________________________ 18. GH ___________________________________

C. Match the following hormones with their actions:

ACTH epinephrine testosterone

ADH estradiol thyroxine

aldosterone insulin

cortisol parathyroid hormone

19. sympathomimetic; elevates heart rate, blood pressure ____________________________________

20. promotes growth and maintenance of male sex characteristics _____________________________

21. stimulates water reabsorption by kidney tubules; decreases urine ___________________________

22. increases metabolism in body cells ____________________________________________________

23. raises blood calcium _______________________________________________________________

24. increases reabsorption of sodium by kidney tubules ______________________________________

25. stimulates secretion of hormones from adrenal cortex ____________________________________

26. increases blood sugar ______________________________________________________________

27. helps transport glucose to cells and decreases blood sugar _________________________________

28. develops and maintains female sex characteristics _______________________________________

Chapter 18 ฀■ EXERCISE QUIZ 505

D. Build medical terms from their definitions and word parts given:

29. abnormal condition (hypersecretion) of the thyroid gland: thyro ___________________________

30. removal of the pancreas: ______________________________________________________ ectomy

31. condition of deficiency or underdevelopment of sex organs: hypo ___________________________

32. pertaining to producing female characteristics: ____________________________________ genic

33. removal of the pituitary gland: _________________________________________________ ectomy

34. deficiency of calcium in the blood: hypo _______________________________________________

35. excessive sugar in the blood: _____________________________________________________ emia

E. Indicate whether the following are related to hypo- or hypersecretion, and name the

endocrine gland involved:

hypo- or hyper– gland

36. acromegaly __________________________ __________________________________________

37. tetany ______________________________ __________________________________________

38. diabetes mellitus _____________________ __________________________________________

39. Graves disease _______________________ __________________________________________

40. myxedema __________________________ __________________________________________

41. Cushing syndrome ____________________ __________________________________________

42. cretinism ___________________________ __________________________________________

F. Give the meanings for the following conditions:

43. hyponatremia _____________________________________________________________________

44. polydipsia ________________________________________________________________________

45. glycosuria ________________________________________________________________________

46. euthyroid ________________________________________________________________________

G. Give the meanings for the following terms or abbreviations related to diabetes mellitus:

47. type 1 ___________________________________________________________________________

48. diabetic neuropathy ________________________________________________________________

49. ketoacidosis ______________________________________________________________________

50. type 2 ___________________________________________________________________________

506 Chapter 18 ฀■ DICTATION AND COMPREHENSION QUIZ: VOCABULARY

Chapter Eighteen

DICTATION AND COMPREHENSION QUIZ:

VOCABULARY AND TERMINOLOGY

Name: ______________________

A. Dictation of Terms

1. ____________________________________ 11. ______________________________________

2. ____________________________________ 12. ______________________________________

3. ____________________________________ 13. ______________________________________

4. ____________________________________ 14. ______________________________________

5. ____________________________________ 15. ______________________________________

6. ____________________________________ 16. ______________________________________

7. ____________________________________ 17. ______________________________________

8. ____________________________________ 18. ______________________________________

9. ____________________________________ 19. ______________________________________

10. ____________________________________ 20. ______________________________________

B. Comprehension of Terms: Match number of the above term with its meaning below.

Hormone secreted by the posterior part of the pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water

Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption by the kidney

A mineral salt found in the blood and tissues; potassium is an example

excessive thirst

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; lowers blood calcium

Resection of a gland near and behind the stomach

Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor

Sugar present in the urine

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; thyroxine

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

Blood condition of deficient sodium

Type of hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; necessary for the use of sugars, fats, and proteins

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Resection of four small glands in the neck region

Hormone secreted by the ovaries

Blood condition of deficient potassium

Region of the brain that produces factors to stimulate the pituitary gland

Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex

Condition of sugar in the blood

Hormone derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla; epinephrine is an example