Chapter 18-1: Endocrine System—Part 1
Chabner: The Language of Medicine, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A function of the thyroid gland; secretes:
a.
Immunologic substances
b.
Thymosin
c.
Corticosteroids
d.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
e.
Thyroxine
2. Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland:
a.
Hypophysis
b.
Hypothalamus
c.
Adenohypophysis
d.
Neurohypophysis
e.
Thalamus
3. Which of the following secrete(s) cortisol?
a.
Testes
b.
Ovaries
c.
Adrenal medulla
d.
Adrenal cortex
e.
Pituitary gland
4. Hormone secreted by the pancreas:
a.
Estrogen
b.
Insulin
c.
Vasopressin
d.
Epinephrine
e.
Glucose
5. Hormone that regulates calcium in the blood and bones:
a.
Parathyroid hormone
b.
Thyroxine
c.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
d.
Prolactin
e.
Prostaglandins
6. Hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones:
a.
Growth hormone
b.
ADH
c.
ACTH
d.
Cortisone
e.
Secretin
7. Example of an electrolyte:
a.
Insulin
b.
Sodium
c.
Renin
d.
Glucagon
e.
Steroid
8. An element present in thyroxine:
a.
Iron
b.
Calcium
c.
Vitamin D
d.
Glucose
e.
Iodine
9. Hormone secreted by the ovary and adrenal cortex:
a.
Follicle-stimulating hormone
b.
Luteinizing hormone
c.
Androgen
d.
Estrogen
e.
Oxytocin
10. Which of the following is a description of gonadotropins?
a.
Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
b.
Stimulate the growth of long bones
c.
Stimulate glucose uptake in cells
d.
Secreted by the testes
e.
Stimulate the secretion of milk
11. Deficiency of gonadotropins:
a.
Homeostasis
b.
Hypogonadism
c.
Galactorrhea
d.
Gynecomastia
e.
Hypernatremia
12. Kal/i is a combining form for:
a.
Phosphorus
b.
Sodium
c.
Calcium
d.
Milk
e.
Potassium
13. Insulin deficiency or resistance leading to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis:
a.
Graves disease
b.
Diabetes mellitus
c.
Cushing syndrome
d.
Acromegaly
e.
Myxedema
14. A group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex:
a.
Graves disease
b.
Diabetes mellitus
c.
Cushing syndrome
d.
Acromegaly
e.
Myxedema
15. Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood:
a.
Graves disease
b.
Diabetes mellitus
c.
Cushing syndrome
d.
Acromegaly
e.
Myxedema
16. Post-puberty hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland:
a.
Graves disease
b.
Diabetes mellitus
c.
Cushing syndrome
d.
Acromegaly
e.
Myxedema
17. Thyrotoxicosis; hypersecretion of the thyroid gland:
a.
Graves disease
b.
Diabetes mellitus
c.
Cushing syndrome
d.
Acromegaly
e.
Myxedema
18. Enlargement of the thyroid gland:
a.
Hypergonadism
b.
Euthyroid
c.
Goiter
d.
Hypophyseal enlargement
e.
Tetany
19. Exophthalmos is a sign of which of the following endocrine disorders?
a.
Endemic goiter
b.
Thyroid carcinoma
c.
Graves disease
d.
Nodular goiter
e.
Pituitary gland hypertrophy
20. Which of the following is a feature of tetany?
a.
Constant muscle contraction
b.
Increased bone growth
c.
Hypercalcemia
d.
Hypokalemia
e.
Hypernatremia
21. Natr/o is the combining form for:
a.
Sugar
b.
Milk
c.
Sodium
d.
Iodine
e.
Potassium
22. Characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus:
a.
Gradual onset is typical; patient is asymptomatic.
b.
Ketoacidosis seldom occurs.
c.
Treatment is with diet and oral hypoglycemic agents.
d.
Little or no insulin is produced.
e.
Onset usually occurs after age 30.
23. Which of the following disorders is associated with neuropathy, nephropathy, and
retinopathy?
a.
Hyperthyroidism
b.
Deficient ADH secretion
c.
Diabetes mellitus (as secondary complications)
d.
Hypergonadism
e.
Panhypopituitarism
24. Characteristic of acromegaly:
a.
Enlargement of extremities
b.
Defective cartilage formation that affects bone growth
c.
Tumor of the sella turcica
d.
Abnormal formation of cartilage in an adult
e.
Hyperfunctioning of pituitary gland
25. A thyroid scan consists of:
a.
A CT image of the thyroid gland
b.
Radioimmunoassay of thyroxine in the bloodstream
c.
Ultrasound imaging of the neck
d.
Skull x-ray imaging of the brain
e.
Administration of radioactive compound and visualization with a scanner to detect
tumors or nodules
Select the term that is spelled correctly.
26. Condition of eyeballs that protrude outward:
a.
exopthalmos
b.
exophthmalmos
c.
exophthalmos
27. Hormone secreted by the ovary:
a.
progesterone
b.
projesterone
c.
progesteron
28. Constant muscle contraction:
a.
tetany
b.
teteny
c.
tettany
29. State of equilibrium or constancy:
a.
homeiostasis
b.
homostasis
c.
homeostasis
30. Part of the brain that controls the secretions of the pituitary gland:
a.
hypothalmus
b.
hypothalmis
c.
hypothalamus
31. Excessive thirst:
a.
polydipsea
b.
pollydipsia
c.
polydipsia
32. Enlargement of extremities due to hypersecretion of growth hormone:
a.
acromegaly
b.
accromegaly
c.
acromeagaly
33. Hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in adulthood:
a.
mixadema
b.
myxedema
c.
myxademae
34. Hormone secreted by the islet cells of Langerhans:
a.
insalin
b.
insulin
c.
insulen
35. Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland:
a.
thyroixine
b.
thiroxine
c.
thyroxine
Spelling
36. Select the term that is spelled correctly:
a.
courtisol
b.
cortisol
37. Select the term that is spelled correctly:
a.
goiter
b.
goyter
38. Select the term that is spelled correctly:
a.
estrogen
b.
estrogin
39. Select the term that is spelled correctly:
a.
pitiutary gland
b.
pituitary gland
40. Select the term that is spelled correctly:
a.
gonadotrophan
b.
gonadotropin
41. Select the term that is spelled correctly:
a.
uthyroid
b.
euthyroid
42. Select the term that is spelled correctly:
a.
hypocalemia
b.
hypokalemia
43. Select the term that is spelled correctly:
a.
hypophysectomy
b.
hypophisectomy
44. Select the term that is spelled correctly:
a.
pancrease
b.
pancreas
45. Select the term that is spelled correctly:
a.
corticosteroid
b.
cortikosteroid
MATCHING
Match the following abnormal pathologic conditions with their descriptions.
a.
Addison disease
b.
adrenal virilism
c.
cretinism
d.
Cushing syndrome
e.
hyperparathyroidism
f.
hypoparathyroidism
g.
hyperthyroidism
h.
myxedema
i.
pheochromocytoma
j.
thyroid carcinoma
1. Cancer of the thyroid gland (papillary and follicular are types)
2. Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood
3. Deficient production of parathyroid hormone (tetany results)
4. Excessive secretion of adrenal gland androgens
5. Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex
6. Excessive production of parathormone
7. Extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood
8. Overactivity of the thyroid gland (thyrotoxicosis)
9. Group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex
10. Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla
Match the terms with their correct meanings.
a.
adenohypophysis
b.
adrenocorticotropin
c.
aldosterone
d.
calcitonin
e.
catecholamine
f.
electrolyte
g.
glucocorticoid
h.
glycemia
i.
glycosuria
j.
homeostasis
k.
hypokalemia
l.
hyponatremia
m.
hypothalamus
n.
oxytocin
o.
pancreatectomy
p.
parathyroidectomy
q.
polydipsia
r.
progesterone
s.
tetraiodothyronine
t.
vasopressin
11. Hormone secreted by the posterior part of the pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water
12. Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption by the kidney
13. A mineral salt found in the blood and tissues; potassium is an example
14. Excessive thirst
15. Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; lowers blood calcium
16. Resection of a gland near and behind the stomach
17. Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during
labor
18. Sugar present in the urine
19. Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; thyroxine
20. Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment
21. Blood condition of deficient sodium
22. Type of hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; necessary for the use of sugars, fats, and
proteins
23. Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
24. Resection of four small glands in the neck region
25. Hormone secreted by the ovaries
26. Blood condition of deficient potassium
27. Region of the brain that produces factors to stimulate the pituitary gland
28. Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex
29. Condition of sugar in the blood
30. Hormone derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla; epinephrine is an
example
Match the terms with their correct meanings.
a.
acromegaly
b.
Addison disease
c.
cretinism
d.
Cushing syndrome
e.
diabetes insipidus
f.
diabetes mellitus
g.
exophthalmos
h.
glucose tolerance test
i.
goiter
j.
hirsutism
k.
ketoacidosis
l.
myxedema
m.
pheochromocytoma
n.
radioimmunoassay
o.
tetany
p.
thyroid carcinoma
q.
thyroid scan
r.
thyrotoxicosis
31. Test that measures hormone levels in plasma
32. Test that measures levels of sugar in the blood
33. Radioactive compound is given and localizes in the thyroid gland
34. Enlargement of extremities caused by excessive growth hormone after puberty
35. Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone produces this condition
36. Malignant tumor of an endocrine gland in the neck
37. Extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood produces this condition
38. Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood produces this condition
39. Enlargement and bulging of the eyeballs caused by hyperthyroidism
40. Excessive hair on the face and body in adult women
41. Group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
42. Enlargement of the thyroid gland
43. Overactivity of the thyroid gland (Graves disease)
44. Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla
45. Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin to promoting sugar, starch, and fat
metabolism in cells
46. Constant muscle contraction
47. Fats are improperly burned, leading to accumulation of ketones in the body
48. Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex
Match the following hormones with their actions.
a.
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
b.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
c.
aldosterone
d.
cortisol
e.
estradiol
f.
insulin
g.
epinephrine
h.
testosterone
i.
thyroxine
j.
parathyroid hormone
49. Sympathomimetic; elevates heart rate, blood pressure
50. Promotes growth and maintenance of male sex characteristics
51. Stimulates water reabsorption by kidney tubules; decreases urine
52. Increases metabolism in body cells
53. Raises blood calcium
54. Increases reabsorption of sodium by kidney tubules
55. Stimulates secretion of hormones from adrenal cortex
56. Increases blood sugar
57. Helps transport glucose to cells and decreases blood sugar
58. Develops and maintains female sex characteristics
Match the meanings with their correct terms.
a.
starch; storage form of sugar
b.
a mineral salt found in the blood and in tissues
c.
hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex
d.
hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla
e.
hormone secreted by the ovary
f.
disease condition due to malfunction of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
g.
extreme hypothyroidism in childhood
h.
disease condition due to malfunction of cells in pancreas
i.
hormone secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland
j.
hormone secreted by thyroid gland
59. Aldosterone
60. Diabetes insipidus
61. Diabetes mellitus
62. Progesterone
63. Glycogen
64. Cretinism
65. Epinephrine
66. Thyroxine
67. Electrolyte
68. Prolactin
Match each abbreviation with its associated explanation.
a.
type 1 and type 2 are forms of this condition