Version 1 1
Student name:__________
1) Define “forensic science” and “criminalistics.”
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
2) Describe the measures of effectiveness of crime laboratories.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
3) Discuss some of the important reasons why there is underutilization or total neglect of
crime laboratories.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Version 1 2
4) Distinguish theFrye test from theDaubert test regarding the admissibility of scientific
evidence.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
5) What are the primary DNA analysis techniques that have been used since 1985?
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
6) Describe AFIS.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
7) Describe NIBIN and CODIS.
Version 1 3
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
8) When body fluids are submitted to a laboratory for analysis, how are the specimens
handled in light of concerns about the transmittal of hepatitis and AIDS?
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
9) What limitations are placed on the submission of evidence to the FBI laboratory?
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
10) Discuss the five factors due to which labs are finding it difficult to meet the increased
demand for DNA analysis.
Version 1 4
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
11) The FBI’s_________blank contains over 3,500 handguns and 2,000 shoulder weapons
and is used for identifying gun parts and locating serial numbers.
11) ______
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
12) In addition to problems with backlogs of cases at crime labs, both state and local labs
reported that their main concern for their DNA programs was the_________blank.
12) ______
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
13) _________blank consists of molecules that carry the body’s genetic information and
establish each person as separate and distinct.
13) ______
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Version 1 5
14) In the_________blank case, the court concluded that latent fingerprint identification
evidence, as produced by the FBI’s procedures, met the requirements of admissibility established
byDaubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
14) ______
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
15) The_________blank is used in the national, state, and local index-system networks to
link typing results from unresolved crimes with cases in multiple jurisdictions or persons
convicted of offenses specified in the data-banking laws passed by local jurisdictions.
15) ______
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
16) A(n)_________blank search is conducted when a DNA sample collected from a crime
does not match any of the samples in the database.
16) ______
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
17) The_________blank, founded in 1992, is a nonprofit legal organization founded for the
purpose of exonerating wrongfully convicted people through DNA testing.
17) ______
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Version 1 6
18) As a joint program of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), and the FBI,
the_________blank integrates all the elements of Ceasefire and Brasscatcher (both former ATF
programs) and Drugfire (an FBI program).
18) ______
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
19) The Next Generation Identification (NGI) program employs the_________blank to
search millions of photos via facial recognition software, algorithms that offer enhanced searches
for cold cases, and a pilot program for a repository of photos of the irises of criminals.
19) ______
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
20) The_________blank Crime Laboratory is one of the largest and most comprehensive
forensic laboratories and is the only full-service forensic laboratory.
20) ______
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
21) The_________blank unit of the FBI laboratory is called on to restore obliterated or
altered numbers on such things as firearms, sewing machines, outboard motors, etc.
21) ______
Version 1 7
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
22) A crime laboratory can help in answering which of the following questions?
22) ______
A) How was the crime committed?
B) Who committed the crime?
C) Who could not have committed the crime?
D) All of the answers are correct.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
23) Which of the following is true of crime laboratories in the United States?
23) ______
A) There are less than 100 state, municipal, county, and federal crime laboratories
operating in the United States.
B) All crime laboratories do not have the same capabilities, owing to differences in
expertise and resources available.
C) The crime laboratories in the country are sufficient to handle the current caseload.
D) Thirty-five percent of the nation’s crime laboratories belong to the public safety and
law enforcement agencies.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
24) Identify a statement that is accurate about a crime laboratory.
Version 1 8
24) ______
A) Popular culture portrayals of the scientific analysis of crime have immensely helped
investigators.
B) The aim of crime laboratories is to replace tedious and complex field investigations.
C) Law enforcement personnel are usually well trained in the science behind laboratory
examinations of crime.
D) Investigators often tend to expect quick answers and solutions from the scientific
analysis.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
25) The National Forensic Science Technology Center was established in 1995. Its primary
function is to
25) ______
A) help crime laboratories prepare for accreditation.
B) improve the techniques of decoding DNA evidence.
C) offer continuing education programs for crime laboratory personnel.
D) help crime laboratories prepare for accreditation and to offer continuing education
programs for crime laboratory personnel.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
26) Which of the following was one of the findings of the congressional report submitted by
the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)?
26) ______
Version 1 9
A) Many forensic science and crime laboratories are seriously underfunded and
understaffed.
B) The broader research community is invested in conducting research relevant to
advancing the forensic science disciplines.
C) Forensic scientists are currently subject to rigorous and mandatory certification
programs.
D) There are strong standards and protocols in place for analyzing and reporting on
evidence.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
27) The effectiveness of crime laboratory services can be measured in terms of
27) ______
A) quality, proximity, and timeliness.
B) proximity, timeliness, and quantity.
C) timeliness, quantity, and quality.
D) leads, arrests, and convictions.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
28) The_________blank case stands for the proposition that for scientific evidence to be
admissible in court, it must be scientifically valid.
28) ______
Version 1 10
A) United States of America v. Byron Mitchell
B) Giglio v. United States
C) Daubert v.Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
D) State v. Samander V. Dabas
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
29) Mitochondrial DNA is found in
29) ______
A) rhesus monkeys.
B) the body of the cell.
C) females who have recently given birth.
D) blood.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
30) What does the effectiveness of DNA evidence in court depend on?
30) ______
A) the ability of the witness to explain the probability that no other person, except an
identical twin, has the same DNA type as that discovered at the crime scene
B) the quality of the evidence analysis that was performed in the crime lab
C) the qualifications of the crime lab and the crime lab personnel
D) the jurisdiction, the lab technician, and the quality of the equipment used in the
analysis
Version 1 11
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
31) Which of the following statements is true about CODIS?
31) ______
A) It is a computer system linking local, state, and federal agencies to share DNA
analysis information.
B) It is a computer system of the ATF enabling the identification of bullets and shell
casings.
C) It is a computer system of the FBI enabling the identification of fingerprints and hair
samples.
D) It is the computer system supporting the Human Genome Program.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
32) The Next Generation Identification program employs a pilot program for a repository of
photos of the_________blank of criminals; they are complex, random, unique, and they remain
stable over a lifetime, making them a viable biometric measure.
32) ______
A) corneas
B) eyebrows
C) irises
D) retinas
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Version 1 12
33) Which of the following, for laboratory purposes, isnot a category of examinations that
crime laboratories perform?
33) ______
A) chemical examinations
B) physical examinations
C) documentary examinations
D) videography examinations
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
34) The FBI Crime Laboratory is one of the largest and most comprehensive forensic
laboratories and is the only full-service forensic laboratory. When was it established?
34) ______
A) 1873
B) 1932
C) 1979
D) 2002
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
35) The unit of the FBI laboratory that conducts examinations of soils and safe insulation,
concrete, plaster, mortar, glass, oil, and other abrasives is the
35) ______
Version 1 13
A) documents unit.
B) metallurgy unit.
C) firearms unit.
D) mineralogy unit.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
36) A technical manual that includes validation studies performed by the scientific test center
itself and sets forth standardized methodologies for performing routine tests in the laboratory is
a_________blank.
36) ______
A) standard operating procedure
B) scientific procedure manual
C) lab-testing protocol
D) Daubert certification rule
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
37) What organization is the primary credentialing organization for crime labs?
37) ______
A) American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors (ASCLD)
B) American Crime Laboratory Accreditation Society (ACLAS)
C) Commission on Crime Laboratory Accreditation (CCLA)
D) North American Crime Laboratory Association (NACLA)
Version 1 14
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
38) While formal education that scientists receive provides a foundation for learning and
understanding the techniques of forensic science, for the most part, courts rely on
38) ______
A) additional training.
B) years of experience.
C) mentoring by the courts.
D) additional training and years of experience.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
39) Problems identified in crime labs in the United States involve all of the following except
39) ______
A) a lack of training.
B) thorough accreditation.
C) DNA contamination.
D) a backlog of cases.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
40) Which of the following statements is true about DNA evidence?
40) ______
Version 1 15
A) It can identify criminals with amazing accuracy when biological evidence exists.
B) It can be used to clear suspects.
C) It can exonerate persons who have been mistakenly accused or convicted of crimes.
D) All of the answers are correct.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
41) Public crime laboratories are overwhelmed by backlogs of DNA samples. Which of the
following is a problem that may be associated with these backlogs?
41) ______
A) increasing amounts of new DNA evidence
B) lack of storage space for DNA samples
C) limited resources
D) All of the answers are correct.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
42) Which of the following has been identified as the most significant blunder to date in any
crime lab within the United States?
42) ______
A) the March 2004 arrest of Portland attorney Brandon Mayfield for the Madrid bombing
B) the failure to identify the 9/11 hijackers prior to their attack on the United States
C) the misidentification or non-identification of victims from the bombings in New York
City
D) None of the answers is correct.
Version 1 16
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
43) In a recent case, the Supreme Court concluded that latent fingerprint identification
evidence as produced by the FBI’s procedures met the requirements for admissibility established
byDaubert v.Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. What was the name of the case?
43) ______
A) Robinette v. Michigan
B) United States v. Mitchell
C) United States v. Mahoney
D) Carroll v. United States
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
44) Which of the following organizations has established a code of ethics for forensic
science?
44) ______
A) The American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors
B) The American Board of Criminalistics
C) The Council for the Registration of Forensic Practitioners
D) All of the answers are correct.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
45) Proteomics is the study of the
Version 1 17
45) ______
A) human genome.
B) protein composition of human skin and hair.
C) proteins that are produced by genes.
D) blood types.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
46) Which of the following statements is true about fingerprint evidence?
46) ______
A) There is a definite lack of quality control relating to fingerprint examiners themselves.
B) Fingerprint examiners are compelled in court to testify with “probability” about a
match between two fingerprints.
C) The potential error rate for fingerprint identification in actual practice has been
systematically studied.
D) There is a uniform approach to deciding what counts as a match between two
fingerprints.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
47) DNA is generally found in cells that have a nucleus, hence the name nuclear DNA.
However, some biological cells donot have nuclei, such as those forming_________blank.
47) ______
Version 1 18
A) feces
B) hair shafts
C) bone marrow
D) tissue
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
48) In the context of the Next Generation Identification (NGI) program, identify a true
statement about Rap Back.
48) ______
A) It is a system to evaluate technology and challenges relating to the development of a
system capable of performing iris image recognition services.
B) It is a system to search millions of photos via facial recognition software, algorithms
that offer enhanced searches for cold cases, and a pilot program for a repository of photos of the
irises of criminals.
C) It is a service that gives authorized agencies the ability to be notified if someone under
criminal justice supervision has a status change in their criminal history.
D) It is a mobile fingerprint device that offers a 10-second response to on-scene inquiries.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
49) Which of the following measures suggested by justice scholars can help reform crime
labs?
49) ______
Version 1 19
A) Lab analysts should know the context of the evidence that they are examining.
B) Indigent defendants should be prohibited from having access to their own experts.
C) Crime labs and medical examiners should be a part of the same agency or bureaucracy
that houses district attorney’s offices or law enforcement agencies.
D) Match rates that routinely exceed what is expected on a national average should be
flagged, triggering further examination.
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
50) The terms “forensic science” and “criminalistics” are often used together. Forensic
science is that part of science applied to answering legal questions, whereas criminalistics deals
with the study of physical evidence related to a crime.
50) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
51) A morgue is another crime lab that is critical to the forensic scene as it is the place where
the cause of death is determined.
51) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Version 1 20
52) There are three primary purposes of a digital crime lab. They are to examine and collect
relevant digital evidence and secure evidence that directly involve computer crimes such as
money laundering, possessing child pornography, embezzlement, fraud, and identity theft and to
prevent and investigate terrorist plots.
52) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
53) Frye v.United States (1923) ruled that the results of a “deception test,” an early version of
the polygraph, could be used in court if the operator personally testified to the veracity of the
results.
53) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
54) Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. applies only to federal courts even though
some states have adopted theDaubert standard.
54) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
55) Fingerprint evidence is no longer accepted in the court without the testimony of an
examiner that can pass the rigors ofDaubert as a scientific expert.
Version 1 21
55) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
56) Mitochondrial DNA is found in the mitochondria, which are only in the body of a female
who has given birth to a child.
56) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
57) Collecting DNA evidence requires special consideration. Among these considerations,
for long-term storage, keep biological evidence in a refrigerator with the temperature between 40
and 55 degrees Fahrenheit.
57) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
58) DNA evidence was first used in court in a trial in England in 1985.
58) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
Version 1 22
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
59) Contamination is a big issue in the collection and packaging of evidence containing
DNA. Coughing or sneezing while handling DNA evidence can cause contamination.
59) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
60) The Anonymous Letter File used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a
collection of original checkwriter impressions and permits classification of questioned
checkwriter impressions as to make and model.
60) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
Question Details
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
Version 1 23
Answer Key
Test name: chapter 8
Version 1 24
Version 1 25
Version 1 26
Version 1 27
Version 1 28
Version 1 29
Version 1 30
Version 1 31
Version 1 32
Version 1 33