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Student name:__________
1) Discuss the similarities and differences between interviews and interrogations.
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2) What are the qualifications required of an effective interviewer or interrogator?
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3) How does an investigator prepare for an interview or an interrogation?
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4) What factors motivate witnesses to give or withhold information?
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5) Identify some of the best practices to be followed while interviewing individuals with
mobility impairments and cognitive disabilities.
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6) What criteria will affect the competency of a witness?
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7) Despite the amount of reliance placed on information supplied by eyewitnesses, what are
the facts as it relates to their reliability? Why?
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8) Define competency and how it could impact a witness’s testimony.
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9) What are the response strategies for addressing witness intimidation?
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10) Discuss why people confess to crimes.
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11) What requirements are imposed on law enforcement byMiranda v. Arizona?
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12) What is the evidentiary test for admissibility of confessions and admissions?
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13) A(n)_________blank is designed to match acquired information to a particular suspect in
order to secure a confession.
13) ______
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14) The reluctance of victims to report incidents to the police or to assist in the prosecution of
offenders may be the result of_________blank, or the belief that the criminals might retaliate
against them for cooperating with police.
14) ______
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15) Two primary concerns are raised by_________blank during an interview: it may
occasionally be distracting or suspicious to a witness; and witnesses may be reluctant to give
information knowing that it is being documented.
15) ______
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16) _________blank laws allow the police to record without informing the suspects.
16) ______
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17) _________blank are those in which innocent but vulnerable suspects confess and come to
believe they committed the crime in question.
17) ______
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18) In order for a confession to be acceptable in court, it must be_________blank and
voluntarily given.
18) ______
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19) TheMcNabb-Mallory cases set forth the_________blank rule that is only applicable in
federal prosecutions.
19) ______
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20) In the context of specific behaviors to consider while detecting deception, when people
place their outstretched arms in front of their bodies, with palms up, this is known as
the_________blank position.
20) ______
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21) Unlike an interview, an interrogation
21) ______
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A) aims to obtain general information about a crime.
B) is adversarial in nature.
C) has no legal requirements.
D) is casual and semi-private.
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22) Once witnesses have been identified, they should be separated from one another and, as
much as possible, isolated from other people who may be nearby. Why?
22) ______
A) To prevent witnesses from seeing or hearing irrelevant matters that may taint their
actual knowledge
B) To prevent witnesses from escaping police custody before they have been released by
the police investigator
C) To prevent outsiders from hearing what witnesses tell the police
D) All of the answers are correct.
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23) Which of the following behaviors is most likely to adversely affect an interrogation?
23) ______
A) appearing nonchalant
B) being persistent and persuasive
C) being openly domineering
D) being always in control of the situation
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24) Which of the following is a good characteristic of a traditional interrogation room?
24) ______
A) The room should be sparsely furnished.
B) A working telephone should be included.
C) A large, physically imposing room should be used.
D) A two-way mirror should be included.
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25) When conducting an interrogation, the interrogator should
25) ______
A) ensure that few or no objects are present between them and the suspect.
B) talk loudly and rudely to the suspect.
C) ask leading questions to get the suspect to confess.
D) All of the answers are correct.
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26) Which of the following is one of the best practices to be followed when interviewing
individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing?
26) ______
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A) refraining from conversing in a well-lit area
B) refraining from using gestures such as a tap on the shoulder to gain attention before
speaking
C) facing the person and not turning away while speaking to them
D) assuming that a person can hear you well if they are wearing a hearing aid
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27) Identify a true statement about the competency of a witness.
27) ______
A) It is closely related to the believability of a witness’s information.
B) It is not determined by the relationship of a witness to individuals involved in the case.
C) It is not determined by the age of a witness.
D) It must be established before a witness is permitted to give any testimony.
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28) Assume a scenario where an interrogator needs to speak with an individual who is deaf,
and a Text Telephone is unavailable. What is the next step?
28) ______
A) Speak very slowly, enunciating each word clearly for the benefit of the individual.
B) Devise a set of hand signs and gestures and employ them during the interrogation with
the individual.
C) Dial 711 for assistance from the national telecommunications relay service.
D) Rely on writing notes and passing them back and forth with the individual.
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29) Which of the following factors influences a person’s ability to give a complete account of
an event or to identify people accurately?
29) ______
A) the significance or insignificance of the event
B) the length of the period of observation
C) lack of ideal conditions
D) All of the answers are correct.
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30) Which of the following is the best form of documenting an interview?
30) ______
A) reliance on the investigator’s memory
B) reliance on notes taken by the investigator
C) a handwritten and signed statement prepared by the witness
D) electronic sound recording or sound-and-visual recording
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31) Prior to 1936, the test for the validity and admissibility of a confession or admission was
31) ______
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A) compliance with theMiranda requirements.
B) its voluntariness.
C) conformity to the Brady Rule.
D) adherence to the fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine.
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32) The first notable incidence of U.S. Supreme Court intervention into interrogation
practices came about inBrown v.Mississippi, in 1936. The decision of the Supreme Court in this
case was that
32) ______
A) the right of a defendant to have an attorney present during interrogation must be
upheld.
B) a confession received as a result of physical brutality and violence by the police was
not admissible in court.
C) the right of the defendant to be brought before a committing magistrate within 72
hours must be respected.
D) the right of the defendant to remain silent must be upheld.
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33) Which of the following constitutional guarantees is addressed in theEscobedo
andMiranda cases?
33) ______
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A) right to counsel and self-incrimination
B) right-to-confrontation and cross-examination
C) double jeopardy and trial by jury
D) fair trial and free press
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34) Which of the following is a right contained in theMiranda decision?
34) ______
A) the right to remain silent
B) the right to be told that anything the suspect says can and will be used against them in
court
C) the right to consult with an attorney prior to answering any questions and to have an
attorney present during interrogation
D) All of the answers are correct.
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35) What are the possible responses when a suspect is asked if they wish to talk to the police?
35) ______
A) to remain silent
B) to request an attorney
C) to waive their rights against self-incrimination
D) All of the answers are correct.
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36) In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court emphatically state that once a suspect has
invoked the right to remain silent, interrogation must terminate?
36) ______
A) Michigan v. Mosley
B) United States v. Lee
C) Manson v. Braithwaite
D) Miranda v. Arizona
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37) During an interrogation,_________blank is the most difficult objective and holds the
highest value.
37) ______
A) eliminating the innocent
B) obtaining a confession
C) identifying the guilty
D) comforting the suspect
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38) Which of the following is a specific behavior that interrogators must consider when
detecting deception?
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38) ______
A) using highly animated hand gestures
B) swearing to the truthfulness of statements
C) using a derogatory position
D) exhibiting more steepling of the fingers
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39) The polygraph measures
39) ______
A) cardiovascular changes, respiratory changes, and changes in skin resistance.
B) cardiovascular changes, respiratory changes, and aerobic changes.
C) respiratory changes, changes in skin resistance, and aerobic changes.
D) rapid changes in eye movement.
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40) The primary purpose of a polygraph examination according to the textbook is to
40) ______
A) determine if victims, suspects, and informants are being truthful or untruthful about
what they say.
B) elicit a confession from a suspect.
C) broaden the scope of the criminal investigation.
D) serve as the primary method of isolating the correct suspect.
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41) The three most common findings by a polygraph examiner are
41) ______
A) lying, truthful, and unsure.
B) deceptive, truthful, and unsure.
C) deception indicated, no deception indicated, and inconclusive.
D) deception indicated, truth indicated, and inconclusive.
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42) What device notes microvariations in the audible and nonaudible portions of speech?
42) ______
A) a polygraph
B) a kinesiological brain-wave analyzer
C) a Computer Voice Stress Analysis (CVSA)
D) a Neuron Voice Sensor Detector
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43) According to research, eyewitness identifications are incorrect as much as 90 percent of
the times conducted.
43) ______
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⊚ true
⊚ false
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44) Eyewitness testimony is heavily used in criminal proceedings, but research has found it to
be very unreliable.
44) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
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45) Eyewitness identifications take place in a social context in which a witness’s own
personality and characteristics, along with those of the target observed, are as critical as factors
relating to the situation or environment in which the action takes place.
45) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
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46) Interrogation by an investigator must stop after a suspect requests counsel.
46) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
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47) A suspect who has waived their rights is not free to withdraw that waiver at any time.
47) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
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48) InDuckworth v.Eagen(1989), the Supreme Court held that it was not necessary
thatMiranda warnings be given in the exact form described in theMiranda decision.
48) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
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49) Custody occurs when a person is deprived of their freedom in any significant way or is
not free to leave the presence of law enforcement.
49) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
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50) The Supreme Court ruled inBerkemer v.McCarty thatMiranda requirements apply to the
interrogation of an arrested person regardless of whether the offense is a felony or a
misdemeanor.
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50) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
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51) Interrogation includes any express questioning or any verbal or nonverbal behavior by a
law enforcement officer that is designed to elicit an incriminating statement or response from the
suspect of a crime.
51) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
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52) Miranda warnings must always precede routine booking questions that are asked in order
to obtain personal-history data necessary to complete the booking process.
52) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
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53) Research on the accuracy of the polygraph varies, roughly from 64 percent (laboratory
studies) to 98 percent (“real world” use).
53) ______
⊚ true
⊚ false
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Answer Key
Test name: chapter 5
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