Criminal Law Chapter 4 Version Identifies The Suspect Identifies The Pen

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Student name:__________

1) What are class and individual characteristics?

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2) How are unknown or questioned samples and known samples alike or different?

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3) Discuss the importance of geoforensics. Explain how it aids in determining whether a

suspect was at a crime scene or not.

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4) Identify and discuss the three broad categories of latent fingerprints.

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5) What is forensic odontology? How does it contribute to criminal investigations?

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6) It may be possible to reconstruct a crime based on the analysis of bloodstains. Identify six

determinations that may be made from this type of analysis.

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7) _________blank is the discipline that studies pollen and spores.

7) ______

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8) _________blank is the identification of individuals based on the pattern of wrinkles on

their lips, which has individual characteristics.

8) ______

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9) Blood stains, known as_________blank, may take many forms at a crime scene and are

produced by such factors as the type, location, and number of wounds inflicted.

9) ______

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10) When analyzing blood evidence, the more elliptical the stain, the more_________blank

the angle of impact.

10) ______

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11) The_________blank is the diameter of a bullet, whereas the bore is the diameter of a

barrel’s interior between its opposing high sides, or lands.

11) ______

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12) The collection of bite-mark evidence from victims, when reasonably possible, should be

left to a(n)_________blank because bite marks may be mistaken for bruises, abrasions,

indentions, or lacerations.

12) ______

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13) A(n)_________blank document is one whose origin or authenticity is in doubt.

13) ______

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14) Which of the following is the best example of a class characteristic?

14) ______

A) shattered glass pieces

B) lipstick stains

C) the hair of a victim’s pet dog found at the crime scene

D) the tread pattern of the tires made by a major company

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15) Which of the following is a salient feature of forensic palynology?

15) ______

A) It is labor-intensive.

B) It requires little expertise and experience.

C) It is a weak investigative tool.

D) It is extremely overutilized.

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16) Which of the following guidelines is used in handling soil evidence?

16) ______

A) Gather soil as quickly as sound action permits.

B) Collect soil samples where there are noticeable changes in composition, color, and

texture.

C) Collect soil samples from a depth that is consistent with the depth at which the

questioned soil may have originated.

D) All of the answers are correct.

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17) In the context of categories of impression evidence, which of the following is a salient

feature of surface impressions?

17) ______

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A) They are likely to be found impressed into soil.

B) They lack any appreciable height.

C) They lack length and width.

D) They are three-dimensional.

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18) A fracture match occurs when

18) ______

A) it is established that two or more pieces were formerly co-joined.

B) multiple items are compared to each other.

C) multiple items share the same chemical consistency.

D) None of the answers is correct.

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19) The direction of a shot through a glass window can be determined by_________blank.

19) ______

A) concentric cracks

B) radial cracks

C) a cone-shaped area on the opposite side from impact

D) All of the answers are correct.

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20) In the context of fingerprints, the low areas between the raised portions on the skin of a

finger are termed_________blank.

20) ______

A) ridges

B) valleys

C) furrows

D) minutiae

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21) Which of the following have friction ridges that are commonly referred to as

“fingerprints”?

21) ______

A) soles of the feet

B) toes

C) fingers

D) All of the answers are correct.

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22) In the context of fingerprints, the majority of the population, about 60–65 percent,

possesses_________blank.

22) ______

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A) ridges

B) arches

C) whorls

D) loops

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23) As per the text, 75 percent of the victims of the 2004 tsunami in Thailand were identified

by_________blank.

23) ______

A) forensic podiatry

B) forensic optometry

C) forensic odontology

D) forensic limnology

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24) Many victims are bitten during an attack. What is the primary significance of a bite mark

to the investigator?

24) ______

A) It can provide the M.O. of the perpetrator.

B) It can provide sites for DNA collection of saliva from the suspect, which can lead to

the identification of the suspect.

C) It can aid in deciding what charges to apply when the suspect is arrested.

D) It can aid in determining whether or not the suspect should be charged as a sexual

criminal.

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25) Which of the following is true of Hemident, a preliminary field test for blood?

25) ______

A) In the presence of blood, it produces a dark blue/green appearance within seconds.

B) Upon contact with blood, it produces a blue glow that lasts up to four hours.

C) It can accurately differentiate between animal and human blood.

D) It can specify the type of human blood found.

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26) In the context of locating blood evidence, which of the following is a salient feature of

Hexagon OBTI?

26) ______

A) It is a water-based spray that creates a blue glow after the lights are turned out.

B) It produces a glow that is short-lasting.

C) It reacts to copper, some alloys, and certain bleaches.

D) It distinguishes between animal and human blood in two to three minutes.

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27) Which of the following should be used to collect fresh blood evidence at a crime scene?

27) ______

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A) clean cotton cloth

B) paper

C) tape

D) All of the answers are correct.

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28) Under ordinary conditions, laboratory examination of blood evidence can determine all of

the followingexcept

28) ______

A) the sex of the person.

B) the blood type of the person and their DNA profile.

C) the race of the person.

D) whether the person was a smoker.

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29) In the context of laboratory determinations of firearm evidence, the term_________blank

refers to the low side of a gun barrel’s interior.

29) ______

A) groove

B) caliber

C) bore

D) land

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30) Which of the following statements is true about the laboratory examination of a firearm?

30) ______

A) Bore is the correct term to apply to the radius of the interior of a weapon’s barrel.

B) In a rifled bore, the bore is measured from one groove to an opposing groove.

C) With a rifled bore, the projectile usually rotates in a left-hand direction.

D) It is possible to fire a smaller-caliber bullet through a larger-bore weapon.

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31) Which of the following isnot a determination that can be made from a cartridge case?

31) ______

A) Marks made on the cartridge case as it is loaded into the chamber for firing

B) A pin impression made on the base of the cartridge case, which is caused by the firing

of the weapon

C) Striations made when expanding gases force the cartridge case against the chamber

wall and marks left by the same gases when they force the cartridge case back against the breach

D) Bullet residue from the fired bullet that is “shaved” off as it exits the gun barrel

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32) Any impression, cut, gouge, or abrasion made when a instrument comes into contact with

another object, for forensic purposes, is_________blank.

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32) ______

A) a tool mark

B) an element of burglary

C) the modus operandi of the suspect

D) possibly any of the preceding depending on the circumstances of the case

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33) In which of the following types of crimes is tool marks most commonly found?

33) ______

A) burglary

B) murder

C) assault

D) None of the answers is correct.

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34) Loosely defined, a document is anything

34) ______

A) to which a notary seal has been affixed.

B) with legal meaning.

C) on which a mark has been made for the purpose of conveying a message.

D) officially used.

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35) Which of the following types of crime is more likely to have disputed or questioned

documents?

35) ______

A) assault

B) white-collar crimes

C) burglary

D) car theft

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36) In the case of questioned documents, laboratory examination may be able to

36) ______

A) establish the source of the paper through watermarks

B) determine if the document is authentic or fake

C) determine the relative age of the document

D) All of the answers are correct.

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37) What evidentiary information is obtained when the ink used to write a message involved

in a crime is compared with the ink recovered from a suspect?

37) ______

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A) It identifies the suspect.

B) It identifies the pen used in writing the note.

C) It determines whether or not the inks have consistent characteristics.

D) None of the answers is correct.

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38) Characteristics of physical evidence that are common to a group of objects or persons are

termed individual characteristics, whereas class characteristics can be identified, with a high

degree of probability, as originating with a particular person or source.

38) ______

⊚ true

⊚ false

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39) Collect soil samples from a depth that is consistent with the depth at which the

questioned soil may have originated.

39) ______

⊚ true

⊚ false

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40) The Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval (SICAR) is a software package that

classifies, archives, identifies, and names the shoe store that sold the shoes.

40) ______

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⊚ true

⊚ false

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41) Three-dimensional impressions (3DI) are often called “prints” or “residual prints.”

41) ______

⊚ true

⊚ false

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42) Usually, paint is class-characteristic evidence, although in some cases it reaches the level

of individual evidence.

42) ______

⊚ true

⊚ false

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43) It is possible to determine the direction from which a bullet penetrated glass: on the same

side of the surface of initial impact, there will be a characteristic cone-shaped area. The larger

area of the cone shape indicates the area from which the bullet was fired.

43) ______

⊚ true

⊚ false

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44) Cord and rope have essentially the same characteristics as string, and all have some

characteristics of fibers.

44) ______

⊚ true

⊚ false

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45) Latent prints are created when the small amounts of body perspiration and oil that are

normally found on the ridges are deposited on surfaces that are touched.

45) ______

⊚ true

⊚ false

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46) Patent prints become latent prints when the fingerprint is not formed by residue, but by

the body’s natural oils and sweat on the skin that are deposited onto another surface.

46) ______

⊚ true

⊚ false

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Answer Key

Test name: chapter 4

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