What is the primary purpose of any criminal trial?
a. cooperation and communication with the police
b. recognition of informal rules of civility
c. determination of the defendant’s guilt or innocence
d. instruction to meet the needs of trial judges
Which of the following Supreme Court cases limited the number of appeals a
condemned person may lodge with the courts?
a. Gregg v. Georgia
b. McCleskey v. Zant
c. Furman v. Georgia
d. Coleman v. Thompson
Mens rea is most clearly present when a person acts ________.
a. knowingly`
b. recklessly
c. negligently
d. accidentally
In which of the following cases did the Court establish the standard of “objective
reasonableness” under which an officer’s use of deadly force could be assessed in terms
of “reasonableness at the moment”?
a. Tennessee v. Garner
b. Graham v. Connor
c. Patrick v. Murphy
d. Davis v. Dallas
A model of criminal punishment in which an offender is given a fixed term that may be
reduced by good time or gain time is called ________ sentencing.
a. indeterminate
b. determinate
c. quasi-independent
d. mandatory
Which of the following organizations, located on the campus of the University of
Nevada at Reno, provides specialized training to judges?
a. Judicial Training Academy
b. Bureau of Justice Statistics
c. American Bar Association
d. National Judicial College
The plain-view doctrine was set out in ________.
a. U.S. v. Robinson
b. Terry v. Ohio
c. Harris v. U.S.
d. Carroll v. U.S.
Nationwide, approximately what percentage of inmates successfully complete parole?
a. 35%
b. 9%
c. 23%
d. 52%
________ holds that evidence of an offense that is collected or obtained by law
enforcement officers in violation of a defendant’s constitutional rights is inadmissible
for use in a criminal prosecution in a court of law.
a. Plain view
b. Exclusionary rule
c. Inherently coercive
d. Probable cause
Which Supreme Court case has become the basis for ‘stop and frisk”?
a. Brady v. U.S.
b. Argersinger v. Hamlin
c. Terry v. Ohio
d. Miranda v. Arizona
Which of the following is NOT an element of community policing?
a. emphasis on nonemergency services
b. increased police accountability to the public
c. centralization of command
d. community-based crime prevention
High-security facilities in the federal prison system are called ________.
a. U.S. penitentiaries
b. federal correctional institutions
c. honor type camps
d. federal prison camps
Which of the following terms mean “guilty act”?
a. collateral estoppel
b. mens rea
c. corpus delicti
d. actus reus
Analyze and comment on what is meant by due process of law to you. Support your
opinions with facts and data.
Streetwise young women with little respect for traditional prison values are called
________.
a. teddy bears
b. tree jumpers
c. stud broads
d. crack kids
How many regional courts of appeal are there in the United States?
a. 12
b. 6
c. 10
d. 60
Which of the following is NOT a historical factor that contributed to today’s high rate of
imprisonment?
a. an all out campaign for legalization of gun ownership and use of illicit drugs
b. the increased use of punishments, including mandated prison terms, for drug-related
felonies
c. the elimination of good-time prison credits, resulting in longer prison stays for most
offenders
d. the two- and three-strikes legislation, mandating lengthy or life sentences for repeat
offenders
What piece of federal gun-control legislation established a national instant criminal
background check system?
a. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act
b. Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act
c. Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act
d. Unborn Victims of Violence Act
The ________ model of prison culture suggests that inmates bring values, roles, and
behavioral patterns from the outside world.
a. importation
b. liberty
c. autonomy
d. deprivation
Which Supreme Court case held that a probationer should have the opportunity for
counsel before a deferred prison sentence can be imposed?
a. Greenholtz v. Nebraska
b. Kelly v. Robinson
c. Mempa v. Rhay
d. Minnesota v. Murphy
What method of execution is used in most death-penalty states?
a. firing squad
b. hanging
c. electrocution
d. lethal injection
Medium- and low-security facilities in the federal prison system are called ________.
a. federal penitentiaries
b. U.S. penitentiaries
c. federal prison camps
d. federal correctional institutions
Which act of Congress reduced the number of suits brought by state prisoners in federal
courts?
a. Prison Rape Elimination Act
b. Federal Tort Claims Act
c. Second Chance Act
d. Prison Litigation Reform Act
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of restorative justice?
a. Pain is imposed to punish, deter, and prevent.
b. Victims are central to the process of resolving a crime.
c. The emphasis is on dialogue and negotiation.
d. There is direct involvement by both the offender and the victim.
A recent study by the FBI found that most slain officers ________.
a. were good-natured and well liked by the department
b. were not friendly to everyone
c. were not laid back or easy going
d. were more likely to use physical force than most officers
Most states consider a child who is forced into delinquent behavior to be a(n) ________
child.
a. neglected
b. abused
c. dependent
d. undisciplined
A wanton disregard by corrections personnel for the well-being of inmates is called
________.
a. due-process deprivation
b. deliberate indifference
c. negligence
d. the hands-off doctrine
What is the jail strategy that joined “podular/unit architecture with a participative,
proactive management philosophy”?
a. intense supervision
b. direct supervision
c. custodial supervision
d. close supervision
The facts surrounding an event are known as ________.
a. third party circumstances
b. criminal circumstances
c. attendant circumstances
d. special circumstances
The Batson decision laid out the requirements defendants must prove when seeking to
establish ________.
a. ineffective assistance of counsel
b. an exception to the hearsay rule
c. the right to a free lawyer
d. the discriminatory use of peremptory challenges
Which of the following terms refers to the issue of whether the defendant is actually
responsible for the crime of which he or she stands accused?
a. implied guilt
b. factual guilt
c. demonstrated guilt
d. legal guilt
Who is responsible for swearing in witnesses?
a. clerk of court
b. bailiff
c. court recorder
d. judge
The F.B.I. operates one of the largest ________.
a. prisons in America
b. traffic control units in law enforcement
c. private protective services in America
d. crime labs in the world
Inmates have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their cells under the Fourth
Amendment.
Status offenders are children who violate laws written for both adults and children.
The last prison riot in America was the uprising at Attica Prison in New York in 1971.
Civil law governs relationships between and among people, businesses and other
organizations, and agencies of government.
Explain the role of plea bargaining in the Federal Court System. What conditions did
the Sentencing Commission place on plea bargaining?
The Bureau of Prisons classifies its institutions into five categories. List and define
those five categories and give examples of the type of inmate that is sent to each prison.
The purpose of a preliminary hearing is to determine the guilt of a defendant.
Profiling was originally intended to help catch drug couriers attempting to enter the
country.
Kent v. U.S. was a landmark decision for juveniles.
Stalking is the repeated harassing and threatening behavior by one individual against
another, aspects of which may be planned or carried out in secret.
Define and explain “inevitable discovery” and how it fits into the search and seizure
usage by the courts and police officers. Use examples to support your conclusions.
Split sentencing is the practice of sentencing offenders to prison, allowing them to
apply for probationary release, and enacting such release in a surprise fashion.
Relative lack of punishment is one of the major advantages of probation and parole.
Between 1991 and 2009 America experienced a 44% decrease in the national crime rate
and a 70% increase in the rate of imprisonment.
Criminologist Edwin Sutherland applied the concept of differential association to the
study of deviant behavior.
The Kansas City studies had an impact on several traditional views about police patrol
work. Comment on and explain the study and specifically the affect they had on
preventative patrol and traditional response to calls for service.
Strategic policing emphasizes an increased capacity to deal with crimes that are not
well controlled by traditional methods.