Police interrogate an inexperienced, young person with a mental disorder and obtain a
confession. A court may never use this statement in any capacity.
a. True
b. False
The exclusionary rule applies to all errors stemming from police negligence in
maintaining warrant databases.
a. True
b. False
The most significant effect of the Bail Reform Act of 1984 is to _____.
a. imprison those who cannot afford to post money bail
b. presume that bail should be granted while appeals are in process
c. allow consideration of danger to the community posed by the defendant
d. guarantee the defendant’s appearance at judicial proceedings
The Gant v. Arizona (2009) case limited police ability to search a vehicle incident to
arrest to under which of the following situations?
a. involving an arrest for a violent crime.
b. where the arrestee/occupant is unsecured and within reaching distance of the
passenger compartment or there is reason to believe the vehicle is not owned by the
arrestee/occupant.
c. where there could be evidence of the crime in the vehicle or there is reason to believe
the vehicle may be moved if not searched immediately.
d. where the arrestee/occupant is unsecured and within reaching distance of the
passenger compartment or there could be evidence in the vehicle of the crime for which
the person was arrested.
With respect to drug testing of government employees, in order for the ‘special needs”
doctrine to apply, the employee must be engaged in high-risk work, safety-sensitive
tasks, or immediately aid in drug interdiction efforts.
a. True
b. False
What term describes tools for hiding, destroying, or counterfeiting the information
relied on by digital forensics experts?
a. anti forensics
b. Trojans
c. wipes
d. back doors
Ordinary citizen informants, even when the tip is given anonymously, are always
presumed credible (trustworthy) and no further evidence of credibility need be stated in
the affidavit beyond their name and address and their status as a victim of, or witness to,
a crime.
a. True
b. False
Officers appear at a suspect’s home (without a warrant) where the suspect’s mother is
the only resident present. The police officers ask if she will let them search the house
for stolen property. She asks if she has to allow it and the officers answer in the
affirmative. She consents. Select the appropriate description of the search.
a. valid because she voluntarily consented.
b. valid because she could have gotten a lawyer.
c. invalid because the consent is deemed involuntary.
d. invalid because the mother lacks authority to consent.
An informant tells an officer that patrons of a certain public bar sometimes do lines of
cocaine on the tables set in alcoves. If the officer wants to gather some minute grains of
cocaine from one of the tables as corroboration of the information, the officer will
_____.
a. need a search warrant since open fields does not apply
b. need an administrative warrant
c. not need a warrant
d. not need a warrant since the tables are in the curtilage
A police officer requests and is granted a search warrant for a particular residence. The
search warrant specifies that the search is not to be commenced until after a UPS
delivery truck appears at the residence on a particular date to drop off a package. This is
a(n):
a. administrative search warrant
b. anticipatory search warrant
c. conditional search warrant
d. general search warrant
Which statement about the concept of probable cause is true?
a. The concept is strikingly similar to the “preponderance of evidence” and “beyond a
reasonable doubt” standards that are used in court proceedings.
b. Whether probable cause exists is determined by considering only the subjective
perceptions of the officer(s) involved.
c. The concept of probable cause is a finely tuned standard that has a precise
understanding among those who use it.
d. The concept deals with probability that evidence will be found or that the individual
committed an offense.
Because the search guidelines for college students are so vague and inconsistent, few
generalizations can be made.
a. True
b. False
A warrantless examination of the exterior of a car deemed reasonable under the Fourth
Amendment because _____.
a. there is no reasonable expectation of privacy in the readily visible areas
b. of the Carroll doctrine applies
c. most departments have written policies regarding impoundment
d. of the vehicle’s mobility and the chance it can be removed
In a consent search situation, the citizen consenting can tell the police not to go into a
certain room, and the police must comply.
a. True
b. False
Before conducting a frisk, an officer must believe which of the following to be true?
a. he is dealing with an armed and dangerous individual
b. he must visibly see a weapon present
c. he must possess probable cause to proceed on with the search
d. he believes the suspect is guilty of traffic violations
The Fourth Amendment does not govern seizures of the person which do not eventuate
in a trip to the station house and a formal arrest at the station house.
a. True
b. False
Miranda warnings are required to be given anytime a person is about to be questioned
by police for any information, including basic questioning that occurs before a person is
identified as a suspect.
a. True
b. False
A home-owner refuses to give consent for a search. In response, the officer states that
he will be back with a warrant to search within the hour, even though the officer has no
probable cause to have a warrant issued. After hearing the statement, the homeowner
allowed police to enter and search. The officers found evidence of crime. It is most
likely that the evidence:
a. will be judged inadmissible because the statement from the officer concerning the
warrant was not true at the time the statement was made.
b. will be judged inadmissible because the officer violated the rights of the resident just
by asking permission to search.
c. will be ruled admissible because the consent was not obtained through force or threat
of force.
d. will be ruled admissible because the officer had enough evidence establishing
reasonable suspicion to obtain a warrant.
The Katz v. United States (1967) case _____.
a. expanded Fourth Amendment protections
b. did away with the idea of “reasonable expectation of privacy”
c. broadened search to include interference with possessory interests
d. restricted the ability of defendants to argue privacy violations occurred
In Chambers v. Maroney, the Court extended the Carroll doctrine to include _____.
a. impoundment before search
b. impoundment after the search
c. no impoundment unless there is a search
d. impoundment on separate probable cause from the search
Accidentally dropping an object is the same as abandoning it.
a. True
b. False
_____ is most accurately defined as searches using wiretaps, bugs, or other devices to
overhear conversation or obtain other kinds of information?
a. Electronic surveillance
b. Covert surveillance
c. Covert intelligence
d. Cyber surveillance
An officer responding to a radio call of a burglary in progress arrives at the scene in
time to intercept a suspect fleeing with a television set in his arms. The officer arrests
him and when assistance arrives the officer turns the TV over to see and record the
serial number in his notebook. The officer’s actions are _____.
a. unlawful under plain view because there was a search
b. lawful under plain view because the officer had already lawfully seized the TV
c. unlawful under plain view because the seizure preceded the search
d. lawful under plain view because the actions do not amount to a search
Title III of the Wiretap Act applies to private searches and seizures of wire, oral, or
electronic communications.
a. True
b. False
Prosecution is commonly termed _____ when a prosecutor increases the number or
severity of charges to penalize a defendant who exercises constitutional or statutory
rights.
a. vindictive
b. selective
c. righteous
d. malicious
What is the main advantage of a consent search for law enforcement personnel?
a. it is more convenient than the warrant procedure.
b. it is not as much probable cause than is required in other searches.
c. it is easier to prove validity of consent than it is to prove other procedures.
d. consent can be obtained from persons other than the suspect.
The major issues of Miranda hinge on the meaning of four terms. Which of the
following is NOT one of the four?
a. custody
b. interrogation
c. warning
d. arrest
The Supreme Court has stated the “questioning initiated by law enforcement officers
after a person has been taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom of
action in any significant way” is known as _____.
a. custodial interrogation
b. superficial interrogation
c. confessions
d. interviews
A police officer intent on writing parking tickets is walking along a city street when he
notices the smell of burning marijuana. He traces the smell to a curtained, street level,
basement window which is partially open. The officer gets down on his knees and looks
where he can see over the top of the window and he sees evidence of illicit drug
activity. The officer’s actions _____.
a. are lawful because he saw only what any curious passerby could see
b. are unlawful within the plain view doctrine because he invaded privacy
c. are unlawful within the plain view doctrine because he used extraordinary means
d. are lawful because no seizure immediately occurred
Which statement most completely describes the relevant factors in deciding whether the
defendant’s confession was voluntary?
a. The defendant’s intelligence
b. The existence of threats or false promises
c. The location and duration of the interrogation session
d. The defendant’s intelligence, the existence of threats or false promises, and the
location and duration of the interrogation session
An officer is conducting an investigation and has become particularly suspicious of a
certain person to the point of concentrating all the investigative methods and inquiries
on proving that that suspect is the perpetrator. The officer is about to question the
suspect (who does not realize she is suspected of the crime) in the suspect’s home. For
any statements to be admissible, _____.
a. the officer must give Miranda warnings because custody exists when he starts the
questioning
b. the officer must give Miranda warnings because the suspect is the focus of the
investigation
c. the officer must give Miranda warnings if he informs the person she is a suspect
d. the officer need not give Miranda warnings even if he informs the person she is a
suspect, so long as the officer does not create a coercive atmosphere
The method of establishing probable cause through the use of an informant’s
information is often referred to as the _____.
a. informant method
b. third party method
c. indirect discovery method
d. hearsay method
Summarize the effect of the New York v. Belton (1981) ruling and how the decision in
Arizona v. Gant (2009) altered the law established by the Belton case.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Curtilage means the __________ and __________.
Memory fades fairly rapidly immediately following the event, a phenomenon referred
to as the __________.
A person’s consent to an officer’s request to enter his or her residence __________ grant
the officer a right to search.
Computer __________ uses the scientific methods for the preservation, collection, and
analysis of digital sources of information.
Dropbox, SkyDrive and SugarSync are companies that offer remote computing
services, where one can digitally store their information “in the __________ .”
The _____________________ branch of government creates most of the law of
criminal procedure.
A(n) ______________ is issued to a person accused of a crime to compel attendance at
a criminal proceeding to answer to charges.
Assuming that a vehicle has been legally impounded, under what circumstances, if any,
may the vehicle be searched for incriminating evidence without a warrant?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Name two of the unexpected benefits of the Miranda decision that were not foreseen at
the time.
Answer:Answers will vary.
A(n) ______________ is the combination of an officer’s words and actions that would
convey to a reasonable person that his or her freedom of movement is being restricted
such that the person is not free to leave.
Information not contained in the body of the complaint, or that comes from witnesses
other than the complainant, may be brought to the court’s attention in the form of a(n)
______________.
The elements of the __________ two-pronged test are important considerations in
determining the existence of probable cause based on informant testimony.
What impact has “cloud” technology had upon law enforcement in terms of electronic
surveillance? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Assess the requirements that some courts impose on applications for search warrants for
electronically stored information. Identify the limitations in place and explain the
rationale of these limitations.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain how the rights of a college student differ, with respect to the Fourth
Amendment, depending upon whether the student is enrolled at a public or private
university.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Law enforcement authorities, rather than simply seizing contraband, often make a
so-called _________ delivery of the container, monitoring the container on its journey
to the intended destination.
Probable cause is evaluated by examining the __________ of the police at the time of
the arrest or search, not merely the personal knowledge of the arresting or searching
officer.
The process of _____ is highly selective and is as dependent upon psychological factors
as it is on physical senses because it is an “interpretive process.”