Prosecutors and defense attorneys can remove potential jurors without having a reason
using the:
a. peremptory challenge.
b. challenge for cause.
c. voir dire.
d. exemption from service objection.
The US Supreme Court has held that a citizen can have a reasonable expectation of
privacy in telephone conversations.
a. True
b. False
According to the Supreme Court in Michigan v. Sitz, involving sobriety checkpoints,
detaining a car briefly at a sobriety check point:
a. is not a stop.
b. is a stop, but it is not covered by the Fourth Amendment.
c. is a stop to which the Fourth Amendment applies.
d. requires probable cause to think that someone in the car has committed a crime.
In developing probable cause, officers rely on their _______to make decisions
regarding arrests without warrants.
a. training and experience
b. luck and intuition
c. good intentions
d. reasonableness and good faith
A petition for a writ of habeas corpus is:
a. a continuation of the original criminal case.
b. an appeals criminal case.
c. a civil case that reviews the constitutionality of a petitioner’s detention.
d. another form of appeal.
Which of the following was NOT among the reasons for repeal of mandatory minimum
sentences for drug offenses in the early 1970s?
a. Alienation of youth from general society
b. Belief that the war on drugs was ending
c. Hampering the rehabilitation of drug offenders
d. Reduction of the deterrent of drug laws, because even prosecutors thought the
penalties were too harsh
Research indicates that 50% of defendants exonerated by DNA are cases involving
mistaken eyewitness identification.
a. True
b. False
The best known and most controversial consequence of illegal government action:
a. are civil law suits for damages against police departments.
b. is the criminal prosecution of police officers.
c. is the exclusionary rule.
d. is the suspension or dismissal of police officers.
According to the waiver test of consent:
a. any search free of coercion is obtained by consent.
b. those who consent need to know they have a right to refuse consent.
c. once a person consents, they cannot retract their consent.
d. a consent search is valid only if the person consenting voluntarily and knowingly
waives her Fourth Amendment rights.
The “grabbable area” allows police to search:
a. only the area described the affidavit as likely to contain evidence of a crime.
b. only the areas in “plain view” of the police officer at the moment of arrest.
c. only the area where the suspect may have been present within the previous 12 hours.
d. only the area within the suspect’s immediate control or “arms length.”
Making decisions according to the law of criminal procedure as outlined in the
Constitution, judicial opinions, laws and other written sources is called:
a. formal decision making.
b. informal decision making.
c. discretionary decision making.
d. playing by the rules.
According to the Supreme Court, in order to conduct a routine search at the border,
officers need:
a. probable cause.
b. a warrant.
c. reasonable suspicion.
d. no probable cause, reasonable suspicion, or a warrant.
Research indicates that:
a. civilian review procedures rarely sustain citizens’ complaints about police.
b. civilian review procedures overwhelmingly sustain citizens’ complaints about the
police.
c. civilian review boards refuse to hear many of the complaints filed against the police.
d. most civilian review procedures allow the boards to take disciplinary action against
police officers.
For purposes of the Sixth Amendment guarantee to a jury trial, the Supreme Court has
used a potential six months imprisonment to divide serious from petty crimes.
a. True
b. False
According to the dissent in Mapp v. Ohio (1961):
a. the exclusionary rule is an integral part of the Fourth Amendment.
b. because the Fourth Amendment applies to the states so also must the exclusionary
rule.
c. the federal exclusionary remedy should not be imposed on the states.
d. the exclusionary rule is totally ineffective in controlling police behavior.
According to U.S. v. Ramsey (1977), searches at international borders are:
a. reasonable even without a warrant or probable cause.
b. reasonable only with a warrant.
c. reasonable without a warrant, if there is probable cause.
d. require probable cause, followed by a warrant.
Criminal law enforcement is not the purpose of employee drug testing.
a. True
b. False
The principal mechanisms for testing the government’s case against defendants prior to
trial include:
a. first appearance and arrest warrants
b. arrest warrants
c. grand jury review and preliminary hearings
d. grand jury reviews and arrest warrants
In Arizona v. Gant (2009), the Supreme Court ruled:
a. when a police officer makes a lawful custodial arrest of an occupant of an
automobile, he may always search the passenger compartment.
b. police may search a vehicle incident to an occupant’s arrest only if the arrestee is
within reaching distance of the passenger compartment at the time of the search or it’s
reasonable to believe the vehicle contains evidence related to the offense of arrest.
c. police may search a vehicle’s passenger compartment incident to a lawful custodial
arrest of an occupant if they have probable cause to search.
d. police must rely on inventory searches in order to search the passenger compartment
of a vehicle.
The balancing approach to reasonableness:
a. requires courts to weigh the degree of intrusion against the government’s need for the
intrusion.
b. prohibits the police from making intrusions simply to prevent crimes that may
happen.
c. does not require the court to weigh the degree of intrusion so long as there is a factual
foundation for it.
d. does not require a factual foundation to support stops involving serious crimes.
A motion for discovery asks the:
a. court to consider new evidence in the case.
b. judge to investigate the opposing party’s evidence.
c. court to allow the defendant additional time to gather more evidence.
d. court to order the opposing party to turn over information they have gathered to the
party making the motion.
If email and voicemail messages have been stored for less than six months, under the
Patriot Act law enforcement officials:
a. do not need a warrant to intercept them.
b. need reasonable suspicion to intercept them.
c. need probable cause but not a warrant.
d. need probable cause and a warrant.
Safford Unified School District No. 1 v. Redding (2009) held that:
a. partially strip-searching an eighth grader was reasonable.
b. partially strip-searching an eighth grader was unreasonable, but granted individual
school officials qualified immunity from civil liability for the illegal search.
c. partially strip-searching an eighth grade was unreasonable, and school officials
maintained civil liability for the illegal search.
d. partially strip-searching an eighth grader was reasonable, but school officials could
be held civilly liable for the search.
Psychologists separate memory into three phases. Which of the following is NOT one
of the three phases?
a. Acquisition
b. Retention
c. Retrieval
d. Utterance
The Sixth Amendment confrontation clause bars the use of hearsay evidence under all
circumstances.
a. True
b. False
_________________ occurs after the opening statement in a trial.
a. Jury deliberations
b. Presentation of the evidence
c. Instructions to the jury
d. Closing arguments
The alleged suggestiveness and unreliability of a show-up is evaluated by a different
test than the one for the suggestiveness and unreliability of a lineup.
a. True
b. False
Frisks are searches.
a. True
b. False
Justices on the U.S. Supreme Court are divided on whether the proportionality principle
applies to sentences of imprisonment.
a. True
b. False
The due process revolution increased the power of the police in America.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following are major procedures used by the police to help eyewitnesses
identify suspects?
a. A confrontation, a photo identification, a lineup, and/or a show-up.
b. A photo identification, a lineup, and/or a show-up.
c. A confrontation, a lineup, and/or a show-up.
d. A photo identification and/or a confrontation.
The right to confrontation comes from the:
a. Fifth Amendment.
b. Due Process Clauses.
c. Eight Amendment.
d. Sixth Amendment.
The expectation of privacy that people have in their briefcases, purses and luggage is
less than the expectation of privacy that they have in their homes, but greater than the
expectation they have in their vehicles.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following government interests are protected by the rule that searches
incident to arrest are reasonable?
a. The interest in the suspect’s reasonable expectation of privacy.
b. The interest in preserving evidence.
c. The interest in protecting law enforcement officers and the interest in preserving
evidence.
d. The interest in protecting law enforcement officers, the interest in preserving
evidence, and the interest in preventing the escape of suspects.