According to the Supreme Court in Ballewv.Georgia:
a. a five person jury satisfies the Sixth Amendment
b. a five person jury does not satisfy the Sixth Amendment
c. it’s not clear whether a five person jury is constitutional
d. a five person jury is constitutional if the crime cab be punished by less than six
months imprisonment
_________lineups reduce the power of suggestion and reduce the possibility that the
witness will pick the person who most resembles the perpetrator:
a. Sequential
b. Simultaneous
c. Blind
d. Photo
Empirical research on the exclusionary rule suggests that:
a. the rule has no deterrent effect.
b. the social cost of the rule may be overstated and the deterrent effect of the rule may
be understated.
c. the social cost of the rule is as high as the Supreme Court claims.
d. the deterrent effect of the rule is overstated.
In Florida v. Bostick (1991), the court had to address when a person was stopped” when
the person involved was:
a. the driver of a car stopped pursuant to a traffic stop.
b. a passenger in a car stopped pursuant to a traffic stop.
c. a passenger on a public bus boarded by police agents.
d. a traveler in a public airport terminal.
The ethical exception says that illegally obtained evidence can come into court if the
poisonous connection between illegal police actions and the evidence they got illegally
from their actions weakens enough.
a. True
b. False
The Supreme Court’s decision in Weeks v. U.S.in 1914 is significant because it:
a. began the Fourth Amendment’s annexation of the exclusionary rule.
b. held that the exclusionary rule applies to state court criminal proceedings.
c. recognized that illegally seized evidence should not be used in federal court criminal
proceedings and thereby brought the United States into conformance with the practice
in most European countries.
d. permitted law enforcement officers to be sued if they conducted searches in a manner
that violated the Fourth Amendment.
When a witness selects the person in the lineup who looks most like the culprit,
believing the offender has to be in the lineup, this is referred to as a ________judgment.
a. conclusive
b. suggestible
c. relative
d. subjective
The U.S. government can be sued for the constitutional torts of federal law enforcement
officers who have the authority to search and arrest under:
a. the Bivens rule.
b. the Federal Tort Claims Act.
c. Section 1983.
d. state tort law.
Which of the following will not support stopping vehicles at a roadblock?
a. Driver’s license and vehicle safety checks
b. General checks to see if drivers may be committing any crime
c. Sobriety checkpoints
d. Agricultural inspection stops
The fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine refers to:
a. the expansion of the exclusionary rule to ban evidence indirectly based on illegal
government activity
b. the expansion of the exclusionary rule to include contraband
c. applying the exclusionary rule to constitutional violations committed by judicial
personnel
d. applying the exclusionary rule to constitutional violations committed by state law
enforcement officials
The objective basis for inventory searches consists of following routine procedures in
compiling the inventory.
a. True
b. False
A decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that is based on an interpretation of a provision
of the U.S. Constitution is binding on:
a. all lower federal courts only.
b. state courts only.
c. both state courts and lower federal courts.
d. all other U.S. courts, but only for the next twenty years.
A protective procedure against violations of constitutional rights is referred to as a(c)
_______rule.
a. irreversible
b. prophylactic
c. pro se
d. non-violate
Identification of a single suspect by a witness is called a(n):
a. lineup.
b. photo array.
c. show-up.
d. in-court identification.
Which of the following is NOT a type of false confession?
a. Voluntary false confession
b. Compliant false confession
c. Media-induced false confession
d. Internalized false confession
After grand jurors are sworn in, they are charged by the:
a. prosecutor.
b. judge.
c. clerk of court.
d. foreman.
Waging the Cold War required greater dependence on intelligence gathering.
a. True
b. False
In Colorado v. Connelly (1986), the Supreme Court considered the case of a mentally ill
man who walked into a police station and confessed he had murdered a young woman.
The Court determined that:
a. Connelly’s confession was not voluntary because of his mental illness.
b. Connelly’s confession was not voluntary because he had limited free will.
c. Connelly’s confession was voluntary because it was not compelled.
d. Connelly’s confession is admissible if his psychiatrist testifies he was aware that he
was confessing to the police.
The states are free to _________operating procedures established by the U.S. Supreme
Court that apply to the administration of criminal justice.
a. lower or reduce the
b. ignore the
c. raise the minimum
d. raise the maximum
Defendants have the right under the Sixth Amendment to force witnesses to come to
court to testify for them. This is called:
a. cross-examination.
b. direct examination.
c. the right to compel testimony.
d. the compulsory process.
Jurisdiction refers to a court’s authority to hear and decide a case:
a. in a specific geographical area and on a particular subject matter.
b. in a specific geographical area.
c. on a particular subject matter.
d. remanded by an appellate court and in a specific geographical area.
In Maryland v. Wilson, the case where police removed and detained a passenger from a
lawfully stopped vehicle, the Supreme Court held:
a. that the officer’s ordering the passenger out of the car was an unreasonable seizure.
b. that the practice of ordering all drivers and passengers stopped in traffic stops out of
their vehicles as a matter of course was reasonable.
c. that the officer’s ordering him out of the car was too great an intrusion into the
driver’s liberty.
d. that they must have articulable suspicion of danger to order the passenger out of the
vehicle.
The participants in most police lineups consist mainly of:
a. police officers and inmates from the local jail.
b. volunteers from the community.
c. civilians who work for the police department.
d. correctional officers.
Reasonable suspicion needed to make a stop:
a. requires more than probable cause.
b. requires a preponderance of the evidence.
c. requires only a hunch.
d. requires some minimum level of objective justification.
In using deterrence as the justification for excluding valid evidence, the Court weighs
the:
a. evidence of guilt against nature of the constitutional violation.
b. social costs against the deterrent effect.
c. honesty of the courts
d. fact that there is not right without a remedy
A state prisoner who seeks review of his case under a writ of habeas corpusin federal
court can obtain review only if his claim:
a. is that he is innocent of the crime of which he was convicted.
b. is based on an alleged violation of a federal constitutional or statutory right.
c. is a search and seizure claim.
d. is a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.
_________consists of a panel of military officers acting under military authority to try
enemy combatants for war crimes.
a. Military commission
b. Specialized community review
c. Article II review
d. Military courts martial
According to the Supreme Court in Smith v. Maryland (1979), a person does not have a
reasonable expectation of privacy in:
a. his or her personal diary.
b. telephone conversations.
c. the telephone numbers that they dial.
d. the briefcase they carry in a public place.
Law enforcement officers have a defense called _________, wherein individual officers
cannot be held personally liable for official action if their action meets the test of
objective legal reasonableness.
a. qualified immunity
b. the good faith defense
c. the Bivens umbrella
d. the law enforcement exception
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Baldwin v. New York (1970)?
a. An individual is entitled to a jury trial for any offense that may result in 6 or more
months imprisonment.
b. An individual has no “entitlement” to a jury trial.
c. An individual is entitled to a jury trial only for felony crimes.
d. An individual is entitled to a jury trial for all crimes.
Police used a thermal imager to scan Kyllo’s home because they had information that he
was growing marijuana in his home. Officers did not have a warrant and claimed the
search was in plain view. The Supreme Court ruled that:
a. use of a thermal imager did not alter the fact that the officers observed the marijuana
in plain view.
b. use of a thermal imager to explore details of a home that in the past would have been
unknown without a physical intrusion into the home is a search and subject to Fourth
Amendment requirements.
c. thermal imagers are common devices and, therefore, the search was in plain view.
d. the use of a thermal imager is always illegal.
According to the Supreme Court, a police officer is permitted to use drug sniffing dogs
during a routine stop for a traffic violation:
a. because the driver of the car does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy while
lawfully stopped.
b. only if the officer can establish probable cause that the driver has contraband in the
car.
c. only if the officer has probable cause and a search warrant.
d. only if the driver has consented to the search.
Identify four characteristics all special-needs searches have in common.
Summarize the differences among the fundamental fairness, total incorporation, and
selective incorporation doctrines as they influence state criminal procedures.
Body cavity searches at the border are reasonable only if authorities have
__________________.
Define “witness against himself,” and give examples of what’s included and not
included within the definition.
Explain the difference between probable cause to detain a suspect and probable cause to
go to trial.
Judges prescribe sentences within broad formal contours set by legislative acts in the
__________ model.
A brief detention that enables law enforcement officers to freeze a situation for the
purpose of investigating suspicious persons is a/an ________.
Examine the reforms that legal experts suggest courtscan implement to improve
eyewitness identification reliability.
The objective basis necessary for a police officer to make an arrest is __________
___________.
An attorney’s address to the jury just before presentation of evidence is called a(n)
________________.
The final authority on interpreting the U.S. Constitution is the U.S. _________.
Detail five possible negative effects of the exclusionary rule.
Why are searches of high school students reasonable without warrants or probable
cause?
Identify the three possible alternatives for applying the Fourth Amendment to stops and
frisks, and explain why the
U.S. Supreme Court adopted alternative three.
Rights every state guarantees its citizens similar to those in the United States
Constitution and Bill of Rights are referred to as _______rights.