Chapter 9- Behavior Therapy
MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST ITEMS
1. Behavior therapy is associated with all but one of the following: (p. 262)
a. empirically supported treatments.
b. functional analysis of behavior.
c. a philosophical view of human behavior.
d. a comprehensive assessment process.
e. operant conditioning.
2. Behavior therapy assumes that: (p. 237)
a. behavior is the result of unconscious forces.
b. behavior is the result of free choices.
c. behavior is determined by psychic energy.
d. behavior is learned.
e. both (a) and (c)
3. Behavior therapy is characterized by: (p. 234)
a. a focus on overt specific behavior.
b. a formulation of precise treatment goals.
c. the design of an appropriate treatment plan.
d. the objective assessment of the results of therapy.
e. all of the above
4. Behavior therapy is based on: (p. 237)
a. applying the experimental method to the therapeutic process.
b. a systematic set of concepts.
c. a well-developed theory of personality.
d. the principle of self-actualization.
e. both (b) and (c)
5. The A-B-C model of functional analysis of behavior: (p. 239)
a. is a tool used to identify the conditions that maintain a behavior pattern.
b. is focused on the attitudes, beliefs and consequences that reinforce behaviors.
c. identifies behavioral cues.
d. both (a) and (c)
6. The main goal of behavior therapy is: (p. 237)
a. fostering self-actualization.
b. expanding self-understanding and insight.
c. assisting clients in making value judgments concerning their behavior.
d. eliminating maladaptive learning and providing for more effective learning.
7. Which is not true of the relationship between therapist and client in behavior therapy?
(p. 241)
a. The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals.
b. The relationship is considered collaborative.
c. Therapist and client work together in a warm and flexible manner.
d. The therapeutic relationship is an important factor in treatment outcome.
8. What is the function of the behavior therapist? (p. 240)
a. to provide modeling for the client
b. to provide a collaborative therapeutic environment
c. to assess specific behavior problems
d. to provide reinforcement for clients
e. all of the above
9. Which of the following interventions is not associated with the third wave of behavior therapy? (p.
254-255)
a. dialectical behavior therapy
b. relaxation training
c. acceptance and commitment therapy
d. mindfulness based cognitive therapy
10. Which of the following is not true regarding behavior therapy? (p. 240)
a. The client must be an active participant.
b. The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques.
c. Therapy cannot be imposed on unwilling clients.
d. Both therapist and client need to work together for common goals.
11. Social skills training: (p. 249)
a. is a psychoeducational approach to interpersonal growth.
b. involves modeling and reinforcement techniques.
c. uses role playing exercises to simulate social situations.
d. assists clients in learning to express their needs to others.
e. all but (d)
12. Which anxiety reduction technique involves creating a hierarchy of the client’s fearful experiences?
(p. 245)
a. assertive training
b. operant conditioning
c. systematic desensitization
d. social reinforcement
e. stress inoculation
13. Behavior therapy techniques: (p. 242)
a. must be suited to the client’s problems.
b. typically have empirical support.
c. incorporate mindfulness, acceptance and spirituality into treatment.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
14. Behavior therapy is suited for: (p. 234)
a. individual therapy.
b. group therapy.
c. institutions and clinics.
d. classroom learning situations.
e. all of the above
15. What is (are) the contribution(s) of behavior therapy? (p. 263)
a. It gives a psychodynamic explanation of behavior disorders.
b. It intensifies the client’s feelings and subjective experiencing.
c. It makes explicit the role of the therapist as a reinforcer.
d. It blends behavior modification techniques with meditation and acceptance.
e. both (c) and (d)
16. Which statement is untrue? (p. 265-266)
a. Behavioral and humanistic approaches cannot be reconciled.
b. Current behavior therapy is grounded on a deterministic view of persons.
c. Behavioral methods can be used to attain humanistic ends.
d. Contemporary behavior therapy focuses on how people are determined by their social and
cultural environments.
e. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with behavioral control.
17. Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of behavior therapy? (p. 237-238)
a. Treatment goals are specific and concrete.
b. It is grounded in learning theory.
c. Many specific techniques are supported by research.
d. The therapist is manipulative and controlling.
e. Emphasis is given to observing overt behaviors.
18. Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling? (p. 233)
a. Joseph Wolpe
b. Hans Eysenck
c. E. Jacobson
d. Arnold Lazarus
e. Albert Bandura
19. B. F. Skinner is associated with which of the following trends in the behavioral approach?
(p. 233-234)
a. classical conditioning
b. operant conditioning
c. multimodal therapy
d. dialectical behavior therapy
e. relaxation training
20. Which of the following is not true about how behavior therapists function in the therapeutic setting?
(p. 239)
a. They use techniques such as summarizing, reflection, clarification, and open-ended questioning.
b. They focus on specific aspects of problems.
c. They systematically assess for information about all aspects of the problem.
d. They serve as a model for the client.
e. All of the above are true.
21. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an effective self-management program?
(p. 250)
a. External reinforcement is essential in maintaining behavioral changes.
b. Consistent use of self-management strategies is essential.
c. Realistic goals must be set and consistently evaluated.
d. The use of self-reinforcement is important.
e. Environmental support is important in maintaining changes.
22. What is not a part of the steps in a self-directed change program? (p. 251)
a. exploration of one’s family constellation
b. selection of specific goals
c. self-monitoring
d. self-reinforcement procedures
e. working out a plan for change
23. Which of the following is not one of the seven major areas of personality functioning described by the
acronym “BASIC ID”? (p. 252)
a. behavior
b. cognition
c. interpersonal relationships
d. aspirations
e. sensation
24. Which of the following is true about “technical eclecticism” in multimodal therapy? (p. 252)
a. It is discouraged.
b. It is encouraged.
c. The client is fit into a predetermined treatment.
d. It is considered confusing to the client.
e. both (a) and (d)
25. In terms of ethical accountability, behavior therapy: (p. 264)
a. does not address this issue.
b. provides a basis for responsible practice.
c. offers a greater chance of abusing interventions than do other approaches.
d. makes use of techniques that have questionable validity.
e. both (c) and (d)
26. Which of the following behavior therapists is credited with developing the social cognitive learning
model, doing much work on observational learning and modeling, and writing about self-efficacy?
(p. 233)
a. Bandura
b. Linehan
c. Wolpe
d. Jacobson
e. Skinner
27. Which of the following distinguishes the cognitive trend in behavior therapy from the trends of
classical and operant conditioning? (p. 236)
a. a focus on experimental analysis
a. a focus on evaluating therapeutic procedures
c. the integration of thoughts and feelings in the process of behavior change
d. all of the above
e. both (a) and (b)
28. Multimodal therapy is a therapeutic approach that is grounded on: (p. 252)
a. cognitive behavior therapy.
b. social learning theory.
c. applied behavior analysis.
d. operant conditioning.
e. both (c) and (d)
29. According to Bandura, which of the following are characteristic of effective models (whether they be
live, symbolic, or multiple)?
a. similar to the observer with regard to age, sex, race, and attitudes
b. possessing a degree of prestige and status
c. exhibiting warmth
d. all of the above
e. both (a) and (c)
30. Which of the following clinical strategies is not necessarily employed during assertion training? (p.
249)
a. feedback
b. modeling
c. social reinforcement
d. homework assignments
e. relaxation
31. Which of the following would not be considered a feature of a good self-contract? (p. 251)
a. It emphasizes the positive.
b. It is a verbal agreement between client and therapist.
c. It is clear and specific.
d. It is based on realistic change goals.
e. It includes a balance of appropriate rewards and sanctions.
32. A limitation of behavior therapy is: (p. 264-265)
a. the overemphasis on feeling and the neglect of cognition.
b. the overemphasis upon insight.
c. the lack of empirical research validating its techniques.
d. the need for long-term treatment to effect change.
e. none of the above
33. During the second wave of behavior therapy, therapists: (p. 235)
a. continued to emphasize empirically supported treatments.
b. increased their focus on the role of emotion in behavior change.
c. adopted a stronger biological perspective.
d. applied behavior therapy principles to prevention of disease and illness.
e. all of the above
34. Behavior therapy emerged as a major force in psychotherapy and experienced a significant growth
spurt during the: (p. 235)
a. 1950s.
b. 1960s.
c. 1970s.
d. 1980s.
e. 1990s.
35. Wolpe’s systematic desensitization is based on the principles of: (p. 236)
a. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. modeling.
d. both (a) and (b)
e. all of the above
36. The situation in which behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them is:
(p. 236)
a. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. modeling.
d. flooding.
37. Skinner’s view of shaping behavior is based on the principle of: (p. 233; 242)
a. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. reciprocal inhibition.
d. acceptance.
38. _____________involves the removal of unpleasant stimuli from a situation once a certain behavior
has occurred. (p. 243)
a. Negative reinforcement
b. Positive reinforcement
c. Punishment
d. Systematic desensitization
e. none of the above
39. Cognitive-behavioral therapy: (p. 234)
a. is considered a humanistic adaptation of behavioral principles.
b. is considered more effective than other forms of behavior therapy.
c. stands alone as a unique approach to psychotherapy.
d. is poorly studied.
40. _________ is a key pioneer of clinical behavior therapy because of his broadening of its conceptual
bases and development of multimodal therapy. (p. 252)
a. Albert Bandura.
b. Joseph Wolpe.
c. B.F. Skinner.
d. Arnold Lazarus.
e. Alan Kazdin.
41. All of the following are characteristics of the behavioral approaches except: (p. 237-238)
a. Behavior therapy relies on the principles and procedures of the scientific method.
b. Behavior therapy specifies treatment goals in concrete and objective terms.
c. Behavior therapy focuses on the client’s current problems and the factors influencing them.
d. Behavior therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular dysfunctional
behavior.
42. In conducting a behavioral assessment, the client’s functioning is taken into account in which area(s)?
(p. 253)
a. emotional dimensions
b. cognitive dimensions
c. behavioral dimensions
d. interpersonal dimensions
e. all of the above
43. The goal of acceptance in ACT is: (p. 256)
a. helping clients to challenge their current maladaptive thoughts.
b. encouraging clients to engage in nonjudgmental observation of cognitions and feelings.
c. developing the client’s willingness to set specific goals for the direction of his or her life.
d. creating psychological flexibility.
e. both (b) and (d)
44. Behavior therapists tend to: (p. 239)
a. be active and directive.
b. function as consultants.
c. function as problem solvers.
d. all of the above
45. All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except for: (p. 245)
a. hypnosis.
b. relaxation training.
c. the development of an anxiety hierarchy.
d. psychoeducation.
46. Techniques used in mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy include all but: (p. 256)
a. yoga.
b. flooding.
c. body scan meditation.
d. a present-focused orientation.
47. In working with diverse clients, strengths of the behavioral approach include: (p. 259)
a. specificity.
b. action orientation.
c. careful consideration of environmental conditions in the client’s life.
d. both (a) and (b)
e. all of the above
48. Self-management strategies include: (p. 250)
a. self-monitoring.
b. self-award.
c. self-contracting.
d. stimulus control.
e. all of the above
49. If your client wanted to change a behavior, for instance, learning to control smoking, drinking, or
eating, which behavioral technique would be most appropriate to employ?
(p. 251)
a. systematic desensitization
b. self-management
c. assertion training
d. punishment
50. Techniques that differentiate behavioral group therapy from other models of group work include all
but: (p. 258)
a. conducting behavioral assessment.
b. collaboratively forming precise treatment goals.
c. a time-limited intervention.
d. leaders providing members with feedback regarding their therapeutic progress.
51. From a multimodal therapy perspective, enduring change is seen as a function of: (p. 252)
a. gaining emotional and intellectual insight into one’s problems.
b. a client’s ability to experience catharsis.
c. the level of self-actualization of the therapist.
d. combined techniques, strategies, and modalities.
52. Lazarus argues in favor of: (p. 252)
a. technical eclecticism.
b. positive punishment.
c. zen-based techniques.
d. strict adherence to treatment manuals to ensure standardization.
53. Who is the developer of multimodal therapy? (p. 252)
a. Albert Bandura
b. Steven Hayes
c. Joseph Wolpe
d. Arnold Lazarus
e. Marcia Linehan
54. The premise of the exposure-based therapies is that anxiety is reduced through: (p. 245-248)
a. extinction of a maladaptive response to a feared stimulus.
b. habituation.
c. pairing a feared stimulus with a competing, calming response.
d. progressive muscle relaxation.
e. negative reinforcement.
55. In group settings, behavior therapists provide: (p. 258)
a. modeling.
b. teaching of new skills.
c. little direct feedback.
d. directive support of clients.
e. all but (c)
56. The key principle in applied behavior analysis is: (p. 243)
a. to use the least aversive means to change behavior.
b. to use positive and negative punishment to change behavior.
c. in vivo desensitization.
d. all of the above
e. (a) and (c) above
57. In vivo flooding consists of: (p. 247)
a. brief and graduated series of exposures to feared events.
b. intense and prolonged exposure to the actual anxiety-producing stimuli.
c. imagined exposure to fearful experiences paired with muscle relaxation.
d. guided use of mindfulness techniques.
58. EMDR is typically used to help clients: (p. 248)
a. restructure their cognitions regarding traumatic events.
b. explore repressed unconscious material from early childhood.
c. facilitate the client’s expression of personal needs while in relationship with others.
d. reduce anxiety related to specific phobias.
59. Dialectical behavior therapy: (p. 255)
a. has no empirical support for its validity.
b. is a promising blend of behavioral and psychoanalytic techniques.
c. is a treatment for depression.
d. is a form of operant conditioning.
e. both (b) and (c)
60. Which is not true of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)? (p. 255)
a. The approach was formulated for treating borderline personality disorders.
b. DBT emphasizes the importance of the client/therapist relationship.
c. DBT incorporates mindfulness training and Zen practices.
d. DBT is a blend of Adlerian concepts and behavioral techniques.
e. DBT relies on empirical data to support its effectiveness.
ANSWER KEY FOR CHAPTER 9
MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS
TRUE–FALSE TEST ITEMS
Decide if the following statements are “more true” or “more false” from the perspective of the behavior
therapy approach.
1. Albert Bandura is credited with originally developing the progressive relaxation procedure.
2. Systematic desensitization typically includes the use of relaxation procedures.
3. Some counselors feel behavior therapy is too focused on symptoms and not causes of problems.
4. Modeling is a form of systematic desensitization.
5. Behavior therapy has been successfully used with developmentally delayed clients.
6. Modeling methods have been used in treating people with snake phobias and in teaching new
behaviors to socially disturbed children.
7. A trend in contemporary behavior therapy is the increased emphasis on the role of thinking and “self–
talk” as a factor in behavior.
8. Systematic desensitization is associated with the principles of operant conditioning.
9. A behavior therapist makes use of the technique of open-ended questioning for the purpose of
obtaining important information related to the client’s problem.
10. Research has shown that behavior therapists are more self-disclosing than psychoanalytic therapists.
11. Mindfulness involves judgment and careful evaluation of one’s thoughts.
12. Multimodal therapy encourages its practitioners to fit their procedures to the needs of the client by
borrowing techniques from many other approaches.
13. Behavior therapy has been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular
disease.
14. There is no place for the role of thinking process and attitudes in contemporary behavior therapy.
15. Behavior therapy has undergone important changes and has expanded considerably.
16. Dialectical behavior therapy integrates behavioral techniques with psychoanalytic concepts and
mindfulness training of Eastern psychological and spiritual practices.
17. Behavior therapists believe that insight is not a necessary condition for behavior change to occur.
18. Multimodal therapy does not fit well with the goals and aspirations of managed care.
19. The basic therapeutic conditions stressed by person-centered therapists can be integrated into a
behavioral framework.
20. Evidence-based procedures are a part of both behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.
21. Dialectical behavior therapy requires both individual and group treatment.
22. Behavior therapy groups employ a long-term treatment model.
23. Acceptance and commitment therapy is not a mindfulness based approach.
24. Both Linehan and Lazurus emphasize the importance of the therapeutic relationship in behavioral
treatments.
25. There is little empirical support for ACT.
ANSWER KEY FOR CHAPTER 9
TRUE/FALSE TEST QUESTIONS