Chapter Nine Test Bank Questions
1. Assessment and research and program evaluation are identified by CACREP as two
of the eight core areas of study that are foundational to all counselors-in-training.
a. true
b. false
2. According to classical test score theory, any observed score on a given test consists of
the:
a. sum of the true score and error score.
b. product of the true score and error score.
c. error score subtracted from the true score.
d. standard error of measure and standard deviation of the observed score.
3. In order to assign a meaning of a specific score on an instrument, it is important that a
set of __________ be established that is appropriate for the groups for which the
instrument is used.
a. norms
b. z-scores
c. standard deviations
d. t-tests
4. The purpose of test standardization is:
a. to establish a set of standard procedures for the administration of the test.
b. to establish a distribution of raw scores for the creation of norms.
c. develop a frame of reference for assigning meanings to test scores.
d. all of the above
5. Which of the following tests are used to measure one’s capacity to learn, reason,
judge, and effectively adapt to the environment?
a. achievement
b. aptitude
c. personality
d. intelligence
6. Which of the following instruments is used to assess a person’s degree of learning in
a particular area?
a. intelligence
b. achievement
c. aptitude
d. personality
7. Which of the following tests are commonly used to assist in making university
admission decisions?
a. intelligence
b. personality
c. interest
d. aptitude
8. Which of the following instruments is most likely to be used in career decision-
making?
a. intelligence
b. achievement
c. aptitude
d. interest
9. The MMPI-2 is considered a:
a. intelligence test
b. interest inventory
c. personality inventory
d. neuropsychological screening device.
10. The Beck Depression Inventory is classified as a:
a. forced-choice instrument
b. projective test
c. neuropsychological screening device
d. self-report clinical scale
11. Regarding the reporting of results and conclusions of testing to examinees, ethical
counselors:
a. protect the general welfare of examinees by reporting results to appropriate
mental health professionals only.
b. necessarily use technical jargon when reporting results to examinees
c. fully inform examinees of the results obtained
d. always provide a written report to examinees, but rarely discuss the results orally
with them.
12. In his study, each person in the specific population had an equal opportunity of being
selected as a participant for the study. This approach of selecting participants in
referred to as:
a. random sampling
b. stratified random sampling
c. standardization
d. random assignment
13. The extent to which the results of a study can be interpreted accurately is referred to
as:
a. external validity
b. internal validity
c. internal reliability
d. external reliability
14. Which of the following can be considered an operational definition of anxiety?
a. feeling nervous most of the time in most situations
b. subjective self-reports
c. increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweaty palms, increased heart rate
d. the self-statements of anxious individuals
15. Which of the following approaches would you select if asked to assess a child in a
classroom setting to determine the amount of time where the child is off-task?
a. experiment
b. interview
c. survey
d. naturalistic observation
16. Researchers have found a strong relationship between number of hours watching
television and degree of obesity in adolescents. Which of the following methods was
used?
a. experiment
b. correlational methods
c. interviews
d. naturalistic observation
17. The performance of persons is sometimes influenced when they are aware that they
are being observed. This is known as the:
a. Buss technique
b. reciprocal determinism
c. Hawthorne effect
d. researcher bias
18. In an experiment, the variable that is measured is referred to as the:
a. control variable
b. independent variable
c. dependent variable
d. confounding variable
19. Which specific approach is used to make conclusions about previously conducted
research by aggregating their results?
a. Multiple regression
b. Qualitative methods
c. Meta-analysis
d. Factor analysis
20. Participants surrender the right to withdraw as participants of a study once they have
signed an informed consent form.
a. true
b. false
21. It is always unethical for researchers to use deception to conceal the actual purpose or
design of the study from participants.
a. true
b. false
22. If all examinees score 88 on an exam and, at a later time, score 88 on a parallel form
of the original exam, the reliability coefficient would be:
a. 0.0
b. 1.0
c. 0.50
d. cannot be determined
23. The name of the procedure used in question #22 is known as:
a. concurrent validity
b. construct reliability
c. test-retest reliability
d. standard error of measure
24. Bowlby’s theory of attachment states that the quality of one’s attachment relationship
influences later relationships. High scores on the attachment instrument, indicating
secure attachment, correlate positively with marital stability, but correlate negatively
with occurrence of divorce. Which of the following is established?
a. interrater reliability
b. face validity
c. criterion-related validity
d. construct validity
25. Which of the following tests is based on the personality theory of Carl Jung?
a. California Personality Inventory
b. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
c. Stroop Word-Color Test
d. Thematic Apperception Test
26. A two—dimensional chart that provides evidence that the appropriate topics are
included and adequately sampled is referred to as table of specification
a. True
b. False
27. Neurotherapy that uses ________________ can assist clients in learning to develop
more functional emotional and behavioral responses in the context of stress-inducing
stimuli.
a. Neurofeedback
b. neurolinguistic programming
c. The Bender Gestalt
d. The Stroop Word Color Test
Essay Questions
1. What are some of the reasons why many counselors in practice find little value in
published research? To what extent do you see validity in such a perspective?
2. Identify and briefly discuss the primary steps in conducting empirical research.
3. Discuss how the ethical concept of confidentiality relates to empirical research. Describe
what specific actions you would take to protect the confidentiality of research
participants.
4. Discuss how the concept of informed consent relates to either appraisal or research in
counseling.
Test Bank Multiple Choice Answer Key