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48. Inthe1800’swhattypeofpunishmentrepresentedliberalreform?
a. Wergild
b. Indentured servants
c. Penitentiaries
d. Hard labor work camps
49. If Bloomingdales existed in every century, when we find this sentence as a popular punishment?
a. 11th century
b. 12th century
c. 13th century
d. 14th century
50. Amputation of a hand or other body part as punishment for a crime of shoplifting aligns best with which idea behind
the goals of punishment?
a. the pain of punishment is greater than the reward
b. punishment keeps people from repeating their crimes
c. an equitable solution to the crime
d. a punishment that is proportionate to their crime
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
51. If Caroline had been put to death for her crimes of shoplifting what philosophy or goal would that punishment best
align with?
a. wergild
b. specific deterrence
c. general deterrence
d. just desert
Jeff Johnson is the newest judge to take the bench in the 5th district of Virginia. He spent 25 years as a prosecutor
before being elected to the court. He is known for his lenient views on drugs and his extreme views on crimes of
violence. Judge Johnson is about to sentence a drug offender for the 3rd time.
52. Judge Johnson views drug abuse as a sickness and a public health not a criminal issue. What type of sentencing for
this defendant would the judge likely favor?
a. concurrent sentencing
b. indeterminate sentencing
c. determinate sentencing
d. structured sentencing
53. Sean is a methamphetamine addict, he shot and killed the owner of video store during a robbery, and he assaulted
one of the employees of that video store so badly she will never walk again. If Judge Johnson was going to sentence
Sean to more than 5 years in prison, what should Judge Johnson consider above all other factors in sentencing him?
a. Sean’sviolenttendencies
b. Sean’saddictiontometh
c. Sean’smotivationforrobbery
d. Sean’suseofaweapon
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
54. Rebecca is a 37 year old black women standing in front of Judge Johnson in absolute disbelief that she has not
received a life sentence for killing her husband while he slept. She was in abusive marriage but just knew that the
courtswouldlockherawayfromherchildrenforever.HowcanyoubestexplainJudgeJohnson’sdecision?
a. Judge Johnson is also black and therefore has more sympathy.
b. Older offenders get sentenced to lesser punishments than the young.
c. Minorities are sentenced to more prison time than whites.
d. Women are more likely to be treated leniently.
55. Judge Johnson believes that that an offender who is dead cannot commit any more crime. What is his rationale for
supporting the death penalty?
a. harsh punishment is morally correct
b. the most serious punishment for the most serious crime
c. justified to reduce the crime rate
d. homicideratesincreasewhenthedeathpenaltyisn’tused
56. ____________________ were 16th century English laws that were used to put vagrants and abandoned children
to work.
57. The ____________________ goal of punishment means that an offender must pay back the victim for their loss.
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
58. A sentence of three to twenty years for the crime of burglary is an example of a(n) ____________________
sentence.
59. ____________________ relies on a fixed term of incarceration set in law by the legislature.
60. Members of the lower social class may expect to get _______________ than more affluent defendants
61. Three-strikes laws are an example of a(n) ____________________ sentence.
62. The use of ____________________ factors such as offender age is a direct violation of the constitution.
63. A ____________________ describes the loss suffered by the victim of a crime.
64. Supporters of the death penalty argue that capital punishment conforms to the requirement that the punishment be
____________________ to the crime.
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
65. In Ring v. Arizona, the Court found that ________not judges must make the critical findings that send convicted
killers to death row
66. In death penalty cases, as many as 25% of all ________________ may be wrong.
67. The Supreme Court has limited the death penalty to first degree murder, and then only when
_____________________ are present.
68. The number of offenders being sent to prison today is __________ than a decade ago.
69. Under truth in sentencing laws ____________inmates entering prison will serve an average of 88 months behind
bars.
70. Approximately half of the states have three strikes sentencing laws but all of them require the third felony to be
___________.
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
Essay
71. Discuss the history of punishment, including the rise of prisons.
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
72. Elaborate on the major goals of criminal sentencing. What message regarding crime and criminals does each of
these objectives convey?
73. Describe and contrast the sentencing models of indeterminate, and determinate.
74. Do judges have too much discretion when it comes to sentencing? Can sentencing guidelines or determinate
sentencing control judicial discretion?
75. Discuss whether or not determinate, mandatory, or truth-in-sentencing models deter crime?
76. Elaborate on the relationship between race and sentencing.
77. List the factors that influence sentencing and discuss how each factor does so.
78. List and briefly discuss the arguments for and against the death penalty.
79. Elaborate on the court's involvement in concerns over the death penalty. Discuss relevant case law.
80. Describe what researchers have found concerning the death penalty as a deterrent.
