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Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. According to research, red light cameras that target traffic violators seem to reduce the occurrence of traffic violations
at that location.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Decoy operations involve using occupied vehicles in strategic locations to give the perception of omnipresence.
a.
True
b.
False
3. The premise of smart policing is that agencies themselves are in the best position to know their specific crime
problems.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Research during the past 20 years has pointed out that we can depend on television portrayals for realistic examples of
police work.
a.
True
b.
False
5. It is impossible to conduct a controlled experiment to study the effectiveness of certain types of police patrol.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Police officers are never allowed to use potentially deadly force (e.g., ramming a vehicle) to end a high-speed chase of
a suspect, even if the suspect’s actions risk the safety of other drivers and pedestrians.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Police departments are restricting the use of pursuits and using alternative methods to catch the individuals who attempt
to elude police officers.
a.
True
b.
False
8. The Newark foot patrol study concluded that foot patrols do not make citizens feel safer.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Data on what occurs when an officer encounters a citizen—when the officer is either on an assignment from the
dispatcher or on self-initiated activities—can best be retrieved from researcher observations.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Distracted drivers are able to multi-task effectively while driving.
a.
True
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b.
False
11. According to Jonathan Adkins, the next big issue in highway safety is speed enforcement.
a.
True
b.
False
12. At the conclusion of the Kansas City study, everyone in the community knew that an experiment regarding policing
had been conducted in his or her community.
a.
True
b.
False
13. The Kansas City study indicated that our traditional three cornerstones of policing might not be the most effective way
to do police work.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Rapid response to 911 calls works better in discovery crimes than in involvement crimes.
a.
True
b.
False
15. One of the newest forms of aggressive driving known to post a public safety threat is motorcycle swarms.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Predictive policing involves linking data and clues to potential suspects or victims by identify at-risk groups,
individuals, and locations.
a.
True
b.
False
17. A specific type of saturation patrol is a crackdown, which generally targets a specific violation of the law, such as a
traffic violation.
a.
True
b.
False
18. The Kansas City study demonstrated that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made no difference within
the community.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Typically, the larger urban departments such as New York, Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles have
deployed two-officer cars, and most suburban and rural departments prefer one-officer cars.
a.
True
b.
False
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
20. Which of the following was not one of the beats established in the Kansas City study?
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a.
Reactive
b.
Proactive
c.
Control group
d.
Variable testing group
21. ____________________ is/are the most expensive part of a police department’s budget.
a.
Fuel costs
b.
Equipment
c.
Personnel
d.
Liability insurance
22. Officers who patrol specific locations at specific times to address a specific crime problem are called
____________________ patrol.
a.
split-force
b.
task force
c.
routine
d.
directed
23. During what decade did the foot patrol return to policing?
a.
1960s
b.
1970s
c.
1980s
d.
1990s
24. What agency is usually held up as a model for dealing with the mentally ill, due to its combined CIT and co–
responder program?
a.
Seattle Police Department
b.
San Francisco Police Department
c.
Houston Police Department
d.
Charleston Police Department
25. The police department’s generalist is the _________.
a.
detective
b.
patrol officer
c.
sergeant
d.
chief
26. Most departments utilize __________.
a.
a take-home car program
b.
person-owned vehicles (POVs)
c.
fleet vehicles
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d.
preowned vehicles
27. The calls radioed to patrol officers, or assignments given to police patrol units by 911 dispatchers, reveal the
types of problems for which people call the police and the types of problems ___________.
a.
the police feel deserve a response by patrol units
b.
that are important to administration
c.
encountered by citizens daily
d.
that the local government wants handled
28. The Kansas City study occurred in the ________.
a.
1960s
b.
1970s
c.
1980s
d.
1950s
29. Which of the following is a functional category of routine patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack?
a.
Calls for service
b.
Preventative patrol
c.
Administrative tasks
d.
All of the above
30. Which of the following does not describe the typical police pursuit, as studied by the California Highway
Patrol?
a.
It occurs during the day.
b.
It starts as a traffic violation.
c.
It ends without an accident 70 percent of the time.
d.
It covers only a mile or so.
31. Which of the following is not one of the basic components of response time?
a.
Time between the crime and the call to the police
b.
Time required for the police to process the call
c.
Travel time from receipt of the call to arrival at the scene
d.
Time it takes for the perpetrator to flee the scene
32. The most important and visible part of police work to the public is/are ____________________.
a.
detective operations
b.
public appearances by the police chief
c.
patrol
d.
crime prevention
33. Which of the following is not one of the goals of patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack?
a.
Increased traffic citations
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b.
Providing sense of community security
c.
Crime prevention and deterrence
d.
Recovery of stolen property
34. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s distracted driving educational slogan is _______.
a.
“Text Today—Jail Tomorrow”
b.
“TWD = Ticket”
c.
“One text or call could wreck it all.”
d.
“Drive—Pull over—Text”
35. Which of the following are the two major methods of patrol deployment?
a.
Motorized patrol and foot patrol
b.
Crime patrol and bicycle patrol
c.
Bicycle patrol and motorized patrol
d.
Bicycle patrol and foot patrol
36. A ____________________ system allows nonemergency calls to be redirected or referred to other agencies.
a.
311
b.
411
c.
511
d.
611
37. In differential response to calls for service, responses to citizens’ calls to 911 are matched to the type and
____________________ of the calls.
a.
severity
b.
location
c.
numerical order
d.
time of day
38. A thorough study conducted in Newark regarding foot patrols concluded that adding foot patrol _____.
a.
increased crime
b.
decreased crime
c.
had no effect on crime
d.
decreased crime when foot patrol was added only in the business district
39. Agencies that cover a large geographical area, such as sheriff’s departments and state patrols, utilize
_______.
a.
a take-home car program
b.
person-owned vehicles (POVs)
c.
fleet vehicles
d.
preowned vehicles
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40. Random patrol is commonly believed by police administration to create a sense of ________.
a.
semipresence
b.
omnipresence
c.
nonpresence
d.
None of the above.
41. In effect, the Kansas City study failed to demonstrate that adding or taking away police patrols from an area
made any difference within the ___________.
a.
community
b.
control group
c.
police department
d.
experimental group
42. Academic studies regarding response time indicate that ____________.
a.
citizens generally cannot or do not report crimes immediately
b.
the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within two minutes of the call
c.
the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within five minutes of the call
d.
rapid response is most important in discovery crimes
43. In 2003, nearly all police departments had pursuit policies, and ____________________ percent of local
police agencies had restrictive pursuit policies.
a.
12
b.
16
c.
37
d.
61
44. When researchers examined the reinstitution of foot patrol in Newark and Flint, they arrived at the
conclusion that when foot patrol is added in neighborhoods _____.
a.
levels of fear decrease significantly
b.
levels of fear increase significantly
c.
levels of fear remain the same
d.
the police who patrol on foot have less job satisfaction, more fear, and lower morale than do officers
who patrol in automobiles
45. Who is the author of the classic Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in Eight
Communities?
a.
James Q. Wilson
b.
June Nelson
c.
Anthony Bouza
d.
Ernest Verdeschi
46. Departments that ____________________ may benefit most from differential response.
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a.
suffer from financial difficulties that make it hard to hire more officers
b.
have more than 100 officers
c.
have fewer than 50 officers
d.
are located in rural areas with few officers to cover a large amount of territory
47. ____________________ patrol is a solution to the problem of directed patrol units often getting interrupted
by calls for service, which can affect the performance of their assignments.
a.
Routine
b.
Task force
c.
Split-force
d.
Foot
48. According to the California Highway Patrol study, the most prevalent reason drivers fail to stop during a
high-speed pursuit is ___________.
a.
the driver is in a stolen vehicle
b.
the driver wants to avoid a DWI or drug arrest
c.
the driver wants to avoid a traffic ticket
d.
the driver is afraid of or dislikes the police or enjoys the excitement of a chase
49. The aggressive saturation patrol operation in Washington, D.C., run by Chief Cathy Lanier is called _____.
a.
Operation ICE
b.
Operation Delta
c.
Operation Alpha
d.
All Hands on Deck
50. One of the authors of the classic text Police Administration was _________.
a.
George Herman Ruth
b.
Patrick V. Murphy
c.
O. W. Wilson
d.
James Q. Wilson
51. A successful example of a directed patrol program that achieved positive results was the
____________________ gun experiment.
a.
Kansas City, Missouri
b.
Los Angeles, California
c.
Houston, Texas
d.
Detroit, Michigan
52. During what decade was the efficiency of foot patrols challenged?
a.
1960s
b.
1970s
c.
1980s
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d.
1990s
53. Who coined the term omnipresence?
a.
James J. Fyfe
b.
O. W. Wilson
c.
Patrick V. Murphy
d.
James Q. Murphy
54. Which of the following is not one of the three traditional ways police work is done in the United States?
a.
Retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives
b.
Random routine patrol
c.
Proactive investigations
d.
Rapid response to calls by citizens to 911
55. In the proactive group in the Kansas City study, the police presence was __________.
a.
doubled or tripled
b.
eliminated
c.
reduced
d.
increased 10 times
Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.
56. The__________ telephone system allows police departments to call citizens in the entire jurisdiction or in a particular
neighborhood to disseminate emergency information to residents.
57. Prior to the 1970s, much of what we knew about police patrol was written by __________.
58. We will always need some type of rapid police response to citizens’ calls to 911, even though we have to realize that a
__________ response is highly unrealistic.
59. The two basic kinds of tactical operations are __________ patrol tactics and __________ patrol.
60. Smart911 allows individuals to voluntarily _____________ their phone numbers and enter associated personal,
medical, and disability information into a secure website.
61. Using available scientific research to implement crime-fighting strategies and department policies is called
__________ policing.
62. The classic study of random routine patrol was the __________ study.
63. Police special weapons and tactical teams are popularly known as __________.
64. __________ is a method of deploying police officers that gives them responsibility for all policing activity by
requiring them to walk around a defined geographic area.
65. The impression of always being there is called __________.
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66. A method in which the patrol force is split and half respond to calls for service and the other half performs directed
patrol activities is called __________ patrol.
67. __________ is the backbone of policing.
68. _______________ is a new and dangerous prank that has become more prevalent in recent years.
69. How did the Kansas City study affect the prevailing views of random routine patrol?
70. Discuss the pros and cons of police departments using fleet vehicles for patrol versus issuing each officer a personal
vehicle.
71. Should police officers patrol by themselves or in pairs? Why?
72. Discuss the pros and cons of predictive policing, including its potential biases.
73. Describe the three cornerstones of traditional police work and how they influence the daily activities of the average
U.S. police officer.
74. Discuss the challenges researchers face in designing experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of police work and their
potential impact on the communities being studied.
75. Explain the concept of differential response to calls for service and how it can benefit police departments.
76. What have studies shown about the variables affecting rapid response time and the value of rapid police response to
citizens’ calls to 911?
77. What are the main goals of patrol and how do they relate to the concept of omnipresence?
78. Explain why the increasing legalization of marijuana across the country is the next big issue in highway safety.
79. Did the advantages of motor patrols versus foot patrols outweigh the disadvantages? Why or why not?
80. Explain what swatting is and how it affects police officers and the public.
81. Describe strategies police departments are using to more effectively respond to calls involving the mentally ill.
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26. c
27. a
28. b
29. d
30. a
31. d
32. c
33. a
34. c
35. a
36. a
37. a
38. c
39. a
40. b
41. a
42. a
43. d
44. a
45. a
46. a
47. c
48. d
49. d
50. c
51. a
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52. a
53. b
54. c
55. a
56. reverse 911
57. O. W. Wilson
58. one- to two-minute
59. aggressive; saturation
60. register
61. evidence-based
62. Kansas City
63. SWAT
64. Foot patrol
65. omnipresence
66. split-force
67. Patrol
68. Swatting
69. Student responses will vary.
70. Student responses will vary.
71. Student responses will vary.
72. Student responses will vary.
73. Student responses will vary.
74. Student responses will vary.
75. Student responses will vary.
76. Student responses will vary.
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77. Student responses will vary.
78. Student responses will vary.
79. Student responses will vary.
80. Student responses will vary.
81. Student responses will vary.