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True / False
1. Once good time is earned by inmates, it cannot be revoked even if the inmates break rules, get into fights, or
disobey the rules
a. True
b. False
2. The beginning of the Enlightenment Era marked the end of transporting criminals to America.
a. True
b. False
3. The determinate sentence is still the most widely used type of sentence in the United States.
a. True
b. False
4. The chivalry hypothesis states that women benefit from sentence disparity because the system is dominated by
men who have a protective attitude toward women.
a. True
b. False
5. Reducing recidivism is the primary goal of a specific deterrence model.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
6. A sentencing target of eight to twenty-five years in prison is an example of a determinate sentence.
a. True
b. False
7. The death penalty is used in all states and by the federal government.
a. True
b. False
8. Death penalty researchers do not all agree that the threat of capital punishment serves as an effective general
deterrent to murder.
a. True
b. False
9. A number of states in the U.S. have placed a moratorium on executions until the issue of potential for error is
adequately addressed.
a. True
b. False
10. Morethanhalfofthecrimecommittedinthiscountryisformonetarygainandtherefore“whetherthecrimewas
committedformoney”isNOToneofthefactorsthataffectsentencing.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
11. A defendants 6th amendment right is diminished if juries are not instrumental in determining the outcome of a capital
case.
a. True
b. False
12. In early Greece and Rome, interpersonal violence was viewed as a private matter.
a. True
b. False
13. Just Dessert means that the offender should pay back the victim or their family for the pain that they have caused.
a. True
b. False
14. The future of structured sentencing guidelines is unclear because they may violate a defendants 6th amendment
rights.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
15. The brutalization effect is a hypothesis that states that the longer an offender is incarcerated, the more likely they are
to become violent.
a. True
b. False
16. What was the most common state-administered punishment in 5th century Roman civilization?
a. Mutilation b. Burning at the stake
c. Banishment (exile) d. Flogging
17. What term was adopted in 12th century to refer to a breach of faith with one's feudal lord?
a. Lex talionis b. Felonia
c. Sucor disco d. Mala prohibitum
18. What was the principle factor that shaped the punishment of criminals in the sixteenth century?
a. The spread of the black plague and the social hysteria that came with it
b. The shift from a stable to a wandering nomadic way of life
c. Sharp increases in the crime rate
d. The changing labor markets that stemmed from urbanization and colonization
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
19. Poor laws were developed in England at the end of the ____ century.
a. 9th b. 11th
c. 14th d. 16th
20. What was the final fate of convicts transported to North America or Australia once their period of service was
completed in the colonies?
a. They were executed.
b. They were granted pardons to gain their freedom.
c. They were returned to Europe to complete a term of imprisonment.
d. They were never released from servitude.
21. What event ended the transportation of felons to North America?
a. The American Revolution
b. The philosophical writings of the Enlightenment
c. Publication of The Fatal Shore
d. Passage of the Humanitarian Act in Parliament
22. By punishing an offender severely as an example to others achieves the goal of:
a. general deterrence. b. rehabilitation.
c. specific deterrence. d. incapacitation.
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
23. Sentencing for the purpose of general deterrence has most to do with:
a. changing the offender's future behavior through fear.
b. modifying the social environment from which the offender came.
c. affecting the perception of the general public.
d. determining the proportionality of the sentence.
24. Using mandatory life sentences so criminals cannot hurt other citizens is the core goal of what?
a. Restitution b. Incapacitation
c. Retribution d. General deterrence
25. Which goal of sentencing attempts to convince the criminal through punishment that future crime would not be in
their own future best interests?
a. General deterrence b. Retribution
c. Specific deterrence d. Incapacitation
26. What is another term that retribution advocates use to describe the concept of blameworthiness?
a. Recidivism b. Just deserts
c. Specific deterrence d. Severity
27. Which punishment philosophy holds that criminal sentences should be proportional to the seriousness of the
criminal act?
a. Just desert b. General deterrence
c. Incapacitation d. Restitution
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
28. Approximately _____ of the states have three-strikes laws but nearly ____ of them require the third felony be a
serious one.
a. 1/4 ; one half b. 1/2 ; all
c. 3/4 ; none d. all of ; one quarter
29. A fixed term of incarceration is called what?
a. An indeterminate sentence b. A determinate sentence
c. A mandatory minimum d. A fixed term
30. Who determines the actual length of incarceration in the indeterminate sentence?
a. Judge b. Prosecutor and the defense attorney
c. State legislature d. Correctional agency and the judge
31. "Let the sentence fit the criminal" best describes the basic philosophy of:
a. determinate sentencing. b. mandatory minimums.
c. fixed terms. d. indeterminate sentencing.
32. Who has final say in the duration of the offender's prison stay in the determinate sentence?
a. Prosecutor b. Parole board
c. Judge d. Correctional authority
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
33. In the case of Blakely v. Washington, the Court found that Washington state's sentencing guidelines were in
violation of the ____ Amendment.
a. Fourth b. Fifth
c. Sixth d. Eighth
34. Which of the following is not one of the goals of sentencing guidelines?
a. To prioritize and allocate correctional resources
b. To reduce prison crowding
c. To increase judicial discretion
d. To establish truth-in-sentencing
35. To qualify for federal funds under truth-in-sentencing laws, states must require persons convicted of a violate
felony crime to serve not less than ____ percent of the prison sentence.
a. 25 b. 45
c. 65 d. 85
36. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Research shows a strong correlation between legal variables and the type and length of sentence received.
b. There is a clear relationship between social class and sentencing.
c. Judges may perceive women as better risks than men, thus creating gender bias in sentencing.
d. Victim characteristics may influence sentencing.
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
37. Which of the following factors is not a legitimate consideration in setting the length of a prison term?
a. The severity of the offense
b. Whether the offender used a weapon
c. Whether the crime was committed for money
d. Theoffender’sage
38. Approximately how many known executions have been carried out in America under civil authority since 1608?
a. More than 8,000 b. More than 10,000
c. More than 14,000 d. More than 16,000
39. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Eighty-eight countries and territories have abolished the death penalty for all crimes.
b. Twenty-nine counties retain the death penalty in law but have not carried out any executions for the past ten
years or more.
c. Since 1994 there have been twenty executions of juvenile offenders, including thirteen in the United States.
d. All of these statements are true.
40. Which of the following is not an argument for the death penalty?
a. Use of discretion b. Incapacitation
c. Deterrence d. Proportional to the crime
41. Which1972SupremeCourtdecisionruledthatthedeathpenaltyatthattimeviolatedtheEighthAmendment’s
protection against cruel and unusual punishment?
a. McKlesky v. Kemp b. Gregg v. Georgia
c. Stanford v. Kentucky d. Furman v. Georgia
42. The average time it takes to carry out an execution in California is 14 years because of _______?
a. Numerous appeal b. Time between conviction and jury
c. Sentencing by the judge d. Prison Administration
43. In Roper v. Simmons (2005) the Court:
a. Set a limit of 18 years as the age of defendants who could be sentenced to death
b. Ruled that execution of the mentally retarded is prohibited by the Eighth Amendment
c. Ruled that only those who commit felony murder may be executed
d. Ruled that rapists may not be punished with death
44. In cases where the convicted is convicted of two or more charges, and the judges sentences begin on the same
day and are completed when the longest term is served it is called a.
a. consecutive sentence b. determinate sentence
c. concurrent sentence d. mandatory maximum sentence
Chapter 09 : Punishment and Sentencing
45. This gives the victim the opportunity to tell of their experiences and describe their ordeal.
a. deterrence hearing b. victim impact statement
c. victim sentencing inquiry d. none of these
Gregory was born in 1573, toward the end of the 16th century, to a poor family. They stole money and food to
survive.Asoneofthecriminalpoor,ifhewasevercaughthewouldn’tbesubjecttothepunishmentsthatwere
provided to the rich that were mostly exile and banishment. As time moves on Gregory has kids and grandkids and
the tradition of stealing to survive continued.
46. What was the most likely punishment during that time if Gregory did get caught stealing?
a. exile and banishment
b. torture and corporal punishment
c. capital punishment (death)
d. hard labor
47. Theyearis1725andGregory’sgrandsonhasjustbeenconvictedofrobbery.Oncehisgrandsonserveshis
sentence, what will happen to him?
a. he will be free again
b. he will be tortured to death
c. he will be transported for hard labor
d. he will be hung in the gallows
