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Chapter 7: Counselor Supervision
Multiple Choice
___________________________refers to a hierarchical and evaluative relationship between
two individuals or parties, with one being an individual with more experience and
holding higher status and the other being an individual with less experience and
holding lower status in a given professional relationship.
a. Consultation
b. Collaboration
c. Supervision
d. Mentoring
Supervisors in professional counseling must have which of the following
characteristics?
a. Strong counseling skills
b. Ability to evaluate supervisees
c. Teaching skills that enhance competencies of supervisees
d. All of the above
In what way is the supervision relationship more complex in professional
counseling?
a. Supervisors must be able to facilitate the professional and personal
development of a supervisee
b. Supervisees receive continuous feedback on clinical skill development
c. Supervision is evaluative
d. Supervision is hierarchical in nature
What is one of the most important responsibilities supervisors have in professional
counseling?
a. To facilitate optimal growth in CITs
b. Provide support to new counselors
c. Ensure clients are receiving quality service and care
d. Provide consultative advice to more experienced counselors
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According to Borders (1991), what is the primary purpose of supervision?
a. Receive feedback on the techniques used with clients
b. Learn new counseling interventions
c. Enhance counselor development
d. Maintain supervisor-supervisee relationship
What is the most important purpose of supervisors consistently monitoring
supervisees?
a. Ensures adequate skill development
b. Protects client welfare
c. Allows supervisees to feel supported
d. To provide timely feedback
If a supervisor believes that the supervisee is in need of sorting through personal
issues because it is impacting their work with clients, it is the ethical responsibility
of the supervisor to:
a. Provide counseling to the supervisee within the supervision relationship
b. Require the supervisee to take a temporary leave while sorting through
personal issues
c. Discuss the supervisee’s personal issues only as they relate to the
supervisee’s clients
d. Refer the supervisee to another professional counselor
What is the purpose of a supervisee consulting with a more experienced clinician?
a. To gain a deeper understanding of a particular issue related to a client
b. To discuss supervisee’s personal issues as it relates to a client
c. To receive feedback on clinical skills
d. All of the above
Although Elizabeth typically works with adults, she began seeing a new client that is
a school-age child that is having a difficult time with the recent divorce of her
parents. Elizabeth seeks a more experienced clinician that has worked with children
of divorced families in order to understand how divorce affects young children. This
is an example of:
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a. Counseling
b. Consulting
c. Instructing
d. Evaluating
Structured guidance to a supervisee in the form of didactic and/or experiential
activities is what aspect of supervision?
a. Instructing
b. Consulting
c. Counseling
d. Evaluating
The process of supervision is described as:
a. Task oriented
b. Evaluation oriented
c. Clinically oriented
d. Process oriented
__________________________ is an intrapsychic phenomenon that unconsciously occurs on
the part of the supervisee. It reflects the interpersonal relationships of both the
supervisee and the client.
a. Perpendicular process
b. Parallel process
c. Transference process
d. Unresolved conflict process
Which of the following is not an element that defines parallel process?
a. Supervisee lacks awareness of the parallel process
b. It is triggered by the client or some facet of the client-supervisee
relationship
c. Supervisee expresses the process from the counseling relationship in the
supervisory relationship
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d. Supervisor expresses the process from previous supervisory relationships
to the current supervisory relationship
____________________________ is described as a collaboration for change that includes the
agreed-upon goals, tasks, and bonders that are developed for supervision.
a. Supervision
b. Supervisory working alliance
c. Supervisory rapport
d. Supervisor therapeutic alliance
One of the most important evaluative roles supervisors have is to:
a. Serve as gatekeepers to the profession
b. Provide feedback on specific skill utilization
c. Determine whether a CIT is ready for additional experiences
d. Inform a CIT’s future employer what skills they need continued
supervision with
During the beginning stage of counselor development, supervisors should support
supervisees by:
a. Providing the supervisee autonomy
b. Nurturing the supervisory working alliance
c. Allowing supervisees to approach the supervisor when they think they
need support
d. Providing concrete structure and direct guidance
Martha, an experienced counselor, has been providing supervision to Jennifer. While
they have a strong working alliance, recently Jennifer has begun to challenge
Martha’s clinical recommendations and has becoming more assertive in her
decisions with clients. How can Martha best support Jennifer?
a. Discontinue supervision, as Jennifer is exhibiting autonomy and
independence in her clinical work
b. Transfer Jennifer to another supervisor given that the working alliance has
been negatively impacted
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c. Provide more concrete structure and direct guidance since Jennifer is
having a difficult time accepting the supervisor’s recommendations
d. Continue fostering a safe learning environment, promote autonomy, and
provide constructive feedback
The third stage of counselor development focuses on:
a. Supervisee independently practicing without supervision
b. Supervisee relying on a more experienced supervisor for guidance and
instruction
c. Supervisee increasing assertiveness toward the supervisor
d. Supervisee growing sense of identity and self confidence
Historically, __________________models of supervision have been the most researched
and visible in clinical supervision.
a. Psychotherapy-based
b. Developmental
c. Systems
d. Discrimination model
Which developmental model focuses on assisting supervisors in understanding the
various experience levels of supervisees?
a. Discrimination developmental model
b. Integrated developmental model
c. Loganbill, Hardy, and Delworth’s developmental model
d. Ronnestad and Skovholt developmental model
Which model describes the three supervisee stages of stagnation, confusion, and
integration?
a. Person-centered model
b. Psychodynamic-centered model
c. Ronnestad and Skovholt’s model
d. Loganbill, Hardy, and Delworth’s model
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Which model uncovered developmental themes from qualitative research and
currently includes six phases of development and 14 themes of therapist-counselor
development?
a. Person-centered model
b. Psychodynamic-centered model
c. Ronnestad and Skovholt’s model
d. Integrated developmental model
Which model includes both supervisory roles and foci for supervision?
a. Integrated developmental model
b. Loganbill, Hardy, and Delworth’s model
c. Psychotherapy based model
d. Discrimination based model
The supervision relationship is considered the core factor throughout the process of
supervision in what model?
a. Systems model
b. Discrimination based model
c. Developmental model
d. Psychotherapy based model
Which psychotherapy-based model considers unconscious motivations and
formative role of childhood development and their impact on the supervisee?
a. Person-centered
b. Psychodynamic
c. Cognitive
d. Cognitive-behavioral
What is the goal of CBT-based supervision?
a. Examine thinking, feeling, and doing of the supervisee
b. Examine thinking, feeling, and doing of the supervisor
c. Examine thinking, feeling, and doing of the client
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d. Examine how thinking, feeling, and doing of the supervisee, supervisor,
and client relate
Why do licensing boards require a minimum number of continuing education units
(CEUs) in each renewal period?
a. Maintain integrity of current knowledge and practice
b. Expand skills and learn new modalities and techniques
c. Consult with professionals in the field that have more experience
d. Learn how to work with supervisees from different cultural backgrounds
_______________________ is/are most likely to occur in supervisor-supervisee
relationship than in any other forms of counseling relationships.
a. Ethical dilemmas
b. Legal action
c. Vicarious liability
d. Power abuse
Why must supervisors be aware of vicarious liability?
a. Supervisees may use it against a supervisor if they receive poor
supervision
b. Supervisors are liable for actions of supervisees, even if they are unaware
of the actions they perform
c. Supervisees are credited for the positive work supervisees perform
d. Supervisors are to blame if clients are unhappy with the services they
receive from a supervisee
Which of the following is a national credential that requires specific training in
supervision, mastery of supervision skills, and conforming to the supervisor code of
conduct?
a. Approved Clinical Supervisor (ACS)
b. Center for Credentialing Education (CCE)
c. Continuing Education Unit (CEU)
d. Supervisor of Professional Counseling (SOPC)
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True/False
Counselor supervision is the primary means through which counselors–in-training
develop counseling skills and clinical competencies.
After a professional counselor receives a counseling degree, supervision is no longer
necessary.
The nature of the supervision relationship often changes over time from teaching to
consultative as the CIT furthers their skills.
Supervisory styles have little influence on the supervision process.
In supervision, the therapeutic work should only serve to increase the supervisee’s
effectiveness with the client.
A supervisee should consult with a more senior clinician in order to monitor the
quality of service delivery.
Consulting includes structured guidance from a more experienced counselor in
order to learn specific material and develop specific skills.
Supervisors’ evaluative role allows them to serve as a gatekeeper for the profession.
Evaluation is one of the most important aspects of supervision and the working
relationship between the supervisor and supervisee is considered much less
important.
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The supervisory relationship is different than a therapeutic relationship because of
the evaluation component.
It is important for supervisors to recognize and reduce the power differential
between themselves and supervisees in the supervisory relationship.
A supervisee’s developmental level guides the way in which a supervisor provides
supervision.
During the second stage of counselor development it is normal for supervisee’s and
supervisors to experience some difficulties in their relationship.
By the second stage of counselor development, the supervisory relationship is more
collegial than authoritative.
The purpose of developmental models is to maximize and identify growth needed
for supervisees.
There are more disadvantages than advantages in utilizing a psychotherapy-based
model of supervision.
In a psychodynamic-based model of supervision, the goal of supervision is to
facilitate differentiation of self and self-actualization throughout the supervision
process.
Professional counseling ethics codes are derived from laws passed by governments
in order to regulate the profession with the sole purpose of protecting the public.
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Short-Answer/Essay
List the purposes of supervision in professional counseling.
What are ways supervisors enhance supervisees’ skill development?
What are the four aspects of supervision?
Describe the five tasks that supervisors perform in the supervision process.
What are positive and negative supervisor factors that impact the supervisory
working alliance?
What are the stages of counselor development? What are the typical behaviors of
counselors during each stage?
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What is the purpose of developmental models of supervision? What are the three
models discussed in the textbook?