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a.
Grass eaters
b.
Meat eaters
c.
Active criminality
d.
Selective enforcement or nonenforcement
56. What is the term used to describe those police officers that accept payoffs when their everyday duties place
them in a position to be solicited by the public?
a.
Grass eaters
b.
Meat eaters
c.
Passive criminality
d.
Selective enforcement or nonenforcement
57. When police routinely use excessive force against suspects, it is considered:
a.
mooching.
b.
abuse of power.
c.
chiseling.
d.
grappling.
58. The Mollen Commission is an example of what type of effort to control police corruption?
a.
Outside review board or special prosecution
b.
Civil litigation
c.
Citizen review board
d.
Internal review board
Barry has been a police officer since 1972. He has seen a lot of changes in his department and to the culture of policing in
general. In the 1970s most of his fellow officers were white men. He thinks the idea of adding more women and
minorities to the force is great because it may be easier to respond to certain incidents if you have heterogeneity.
59. Barry was made detective back in 2005 but his partner just retired. His new partner is a woman, he is okay with that,
but thinks that she might have trouble. What type of trouble is she likely to run into as a police officer?
a.
Double marginality
b.
The blue curtain
c.
More disciplinary action by administrators
d.
Cynicism
60. William is a new recruit in Barry’s department. William’s father was a police officer as well and he would like to
follow in his footsteps. As a minority, he has heard stories of his father having to patrol a neighborhood but needing to
call a white officer to make an arrest. His father’s experience can be described as:
a.
the same as the ethnic minority experience.
b.
the same as the female experience.
c.
the blue curtain.
d.
double marginality.
A police officer in plainclothes is eating lunch in a restaurant on his day off. He is not noticed by two patrol officers
sitting at the counter having coffee. The uniformed patrol officers get up and leave without paying or even leaving a tip.
The owner of the coffee shop is overheard just before the officers leave without paying, saying that he is grateful the
police presence remains strong in this rough part of town.
61. The plainclothes police officer decides not to say anything to the officers even though they were wrong not to pay or
tip. What is this an example of?
a.
Double marginality
b.
Meat eating
c.
The so-called blue curtain
d.
Full enforcement
62. When the plainclothes officer left the diner that day, he made sure the waitress knew that his tip included the coffee
and tip for the other officers. According to the core beliefs of the police culture, what is the most logical reason that he did
this?
a.
Patrol work is the pits.
b.
Members of the public are unreasonable.
c.
Loyalty above everything.
d.
Police deserve a break.
A seasoned officer and his new partner are assigned to a crime, drug, and poverty stricken neighborhood. The officer who
has been on the force for a while has seen these issues before; he knows that he has to be tough and strong and set the
record straight about who the police are, and why they are in force in that neighborhood. His partner grew up in a
neighborhood like this one and is well aware of how individuals in this neighborhood view the police.
63. The officer who has been on the force longer fully intends to enforce the laws “by the book.” What is his style of
policing?
a.
The law enforcer
b.
The watchman
c.
The crime fighter
d.
The arresting officer
64. Growing up in a neighborhood similar to the one he now patrols, what would be the new partner’s best style of
policing to use in that neighborhood?
a.
The law enforcer
b.
The watchman
c.
The crime fighter
d.
The social agent
65. In explaining to a young boy why officers violate the law and no one questions it, what factor would you most likely
use?
a.
Situational factors
b.
Peer factors
c.
Environmental factors
d.
Legal factors
66. Police officers in communities that provide training in domestic violence prevention are more likely to take action in
cases involving spousal abuse. This is an example of what type of factor?
a.
Environmental factors
b.
Departmental factors
c.
Peer factors
d.
Legal factors
You have just been put on administrative leave for screaming at and hitting a teen with a nightstick who was loitering and
skateboarding in a public area because he disobeyed your order to cease and desist. Until you see the video of yourself on
YouTube, secretly recorded by a third party, you didn’t realize how angry you had become after being disrespected and
disobeyed by the teen.
67. You have no explanation for your behavior except that you were doing your job. You were placed on administrative
leave because:
a.
you are a “meat eater.”
b.
you used excessive force.
c.
of extralegal factors.
d.
of peer factors.
68. When you took this teen into custody for loitering and skateboarding in a public area, he wanted to call his mom from
the squad car. The teen tells his mom that he was wrong and he was arrested. You now have evidence that you did your
job and that the teen violated the ordinance against loitering and skateboarding. Why can’t you use this statement against
him?
a.
He is a minor.
b.
You didn’t Mirandize him.
c.
You don’t have a second officer as a witness.
d.
You were subsequently put on administrative leave.
69. In his classic 1969 book, African Americans in Blue, Nicholas Alex pointed out that African–American
officers of the time suffered from what he called ____________________.
70. The ____________________ style of policing is characterized by an emphasis on maintaining public order.
71. The belief that most people’s actions are motivated solely by personal needs and selfishness is referred to as
_______.
72. The ____________________ style of policing believes the most important aspects of police work are
investigating serious crimes and apprehending criminals.
73. ____________________ occurs when police abuse or exploit their discretion.
74. Police subculture is considered a(n) ____________ decision-making factor.
75. Racial profiling would be considered a(n) ____________________ decision-making factor.
76. The ____________________ rule is the oldest deadly use-of-force standard, dating back to English
Common Law times.
77. In the case Florida v. Powell, an updated interpretation of the __________ stated that it does not require
that the suspect be advised that they have the right to have an attorney present during questioning.
78. The court created a reasonableness standard for the use of force in the case of ____________________.
79. In the case of ____________________, the Supreme Court created objective standards for questioning by
police after a defendant has been taken into custody.
80. The most controversial issue revolving around the court’s control of police behavior is commonly known as
the ____________________.
81. The ___________________ is where evidence is admissible in court if the police officers acted in good faith by first
obtaining court approval for their search, even if the warrant they received was deficient or faulty.
82. ________________ is the evidentiary criterion necessary to sustain an arrest or the issuance of an arrest or search
warrant.
83. In Terry v. Ohio, the Supreme Court rules that police can _______ when they have reasonable suspicion to believe
criminal activity is taking place.
84. _________________ accept payoffs when their everyday duties place them in a position to “look the other way.”
85. Exercising legitimate discretion for improper reasons or using illegal means to achieve approved goals is referred to as
_______.
86. Perhaps the greatest factor in controlling the use of ______________ is the threat of civil judgments against
individual officers.
87. If an officer uses his or her position of trust/power to commit the very crimes they are entrusted with controlling, he or
she is engaged in ______.
88. In _________ the Supreme Court ruled that the police can perform a stop and frisk when they have reasonable
suspicion to believe that criminal activity is afoot.
89. In the wake of the Knapp Commission, the _____ system was put in place to hold supervisors at each level directly
accountable for the illegal behaviors of the officers under their command.
90. In Graham v. Conner, the Supreme Court ruled that issues related to nondeadly force must be judged from the
standpoint of a __________ officer.
91. Discuss how the role of a police officer and the police subculture are of concern to the public.
92. Explain the changes that have occurred in the hiring of minority and female officers. What are some of the problems
experienced by these two groups of officers?
93. Using a juvenile assault as an example, compare and contrast the four major styles of police work. Explain
how these styles influence police discretion.
94. Identify and describe the different factors that commonly influence an officer’s use of discretion.
95. Identify and describe the distinct categories of stressors that impact police officers.
96. Identify and describe the factors that have been related to police shootings.
97. Compare and contrast the “fleeing felon” and Tennessee v. Garner rules as they relate to police use of deadly force.
98. Discuss the various types of police corruption. What causes such behavior and how can it be controlled?
99. The Supreme Court has used case law to define the boundaries of the Miranda warning since its inception. Discuss
recent case law that appears to have narrowed the scope of Miranda.
100. The most controversial issue revolving around the Court’s control of police behavior is what is commonly
known as the exclusionary rule. Summarize the basics of this rule and discuss its current status and controversy.
