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True / False
1. The higher the percentage of black officers on the police force, the higher the arrest rates for crimes such as
assault.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Today, approximately 13 percent of all officers are female and about 25 percent are members of minority
groups.
a.
True
b.
False
3. The social burden African–American police officers carry by virtue of being both minority group members
and law enforcement officers is termed broken marginality.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Studies of women in policing indicate that they have gained full acceptance in law enforcement and feel that they earn
equal credit for equal job performance.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The vast majority of law enforcement agencies, more than 75 percent, require recruits to have a college degree.
a.
True
b.
False
6. The watchman style of policing is characterized by officers devoted to the profession of police work and who
are most likely to aspire to achieve prestige, status, and rank.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The social agent style of policing is characterized by officers who view themselves as community problem
solvers.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Some police experts believe that law enforcement personnel believe it is impossible to win the war against crime
without bending the rules, and this is part of the police culture.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Factors such as the living and working environment of the officer often affect their discretion.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Working in a department that is located in a high crime area is an example of a peer factor of discretion.
a.
True
b.
False
11. An individual’s demeanor is a situational factor that an officer considers when deciding whether or not to arrest.
a.
True
b.
False
12. An individual’s race, class, and gender are examples of extralegal factors that may influence discretion.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Annually, about 38 percent of US residents aged 16 or older had a face-to-face contact with a police officer.
a.
True
b.
False
14. The Supreme Court has ruled that under certain circumstances, a valid search may be conducted without a
search warrant.
a.
True
b.
False
15. In the landmark case Tennessee v. Garner, the US Supreme Court outlawed deadly use of force by police.
a.
True
b.
False
16. The Knapp Commission concluded that the vast majority of police officers involved in police corruption are
meat eaters.
a.
True
b.
False
17. In a consent search, individuals waive their constitutional rights.
a.
True
b.
False
18. In 1914, in Weeks v. United States, the court established the exclusionary rule.
a.
True
b.
False
19. The Supreme Court has created a “good faith exception” to the exclusionary rule that indicates that evidence
is admissible in court if the police officers acted in good faith by first obtaining court approval for their search,
even if the warrant they received was deficient or faulty.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Suicide by cop is a term that was coined by the internal review board to denote police officers who commit
employment suicide by becoming a corrupt officer and taking bribes.
a.
True
b.
False
21. To obtain a search warrant, the presiding magistrate only has to have a general idea of the reason the police want to
search the property.
a.
True
b.
False
22. Currently, there is not enough oversight or enough policies to regulate less than lethal weapons.
a.
True
b.
False
23. Research shows that the more support police officers get in the workplace, the lower their feelings of stress and
anxiety.
a.
True
b.
False
24. Legal factors are at play when an officer’s police practices are shaped by how the department that he or she is part of
and how his or her fellow officer’s act.
a.
True
b.
False
25. What term is used to describe the phenomena where black officers must deal with the expectation that they
will give members of their own race a break, while at the same time they experience overt racism from their
police colleagues?
a.
The black curtain
b.
Double marginality
c.
Inherent role conflict
d.
Toxic race relations
26. Over the years, minority officers seem to be as self-assured as white officers, regardless of feeling
________rates of job-related stress and strain stemming from general police stressors.
a.
lower
b.
higher
c.
similar
d.
nonexistent
27. What city was the first to hire and award the title of police officer to a woman in 1910?
a.
Chicago
b.
Boston
c.
Los Angeles
d.
New York City
28. Surveys of male officers show that ______ of the officers tend to view policing as a masculine profession
and do not think women can handle the physical requirements of the job.
a.
just a few
b.
many
c.
some
d.
the majority
29. Which is false regarding education and the police?
a.
Educated officers are better able to communicate with the public.
b.
Administrators believe that educated officers generate fewer citizen complaints.
c.
Educated officers have greater disciplinary problems due to job boredom.
d.
Higher educated officer have greater self-confidence and assurance.
30. The blue curtain is a term used to describe:
a.
police reluctance to express personal feelings with each other.
b.
the police practice of shrouding the windows and doors of the briefing room when confidential
information is disseminated at roll call.
c.
the secrecy and insulation from others in society that is a consequence of the police subculture.
d.
the sheet used to drape the coffins of slain police officers.
31. Which of the following is not one of the six core beliefs at the heart of the police culture?
a.
Loyalty to colleagues counts above all else.
b.
The war against crime cannot be won without bending the rules.
c.
No one else understands the nature of police work.
d.
Patrol work is a necessary and vital part of police work.
32. Which of the following traits is said to be found at all levels of policing?
a.
Anger
b.
Racism
c.
Dogmatism
d.
Cynicism
33. An officer approaches a group of teenagers drinking beer, he or she checks everyone’s ID and arrests all
who are underage. This example best typifies which officer style?
a.
Crime fighter
b.
Social agent
c.
Law enforcer
d.
Watchman
34. An officer approaches a group of teenagers standing in a parking lot, drinking beer. He or she checks them
for gang symbols and calls into the station to ascertain if any of them have active warrants. This officer typifies
which officer style?
a.
Crime fighter
b.
Social agent
c.
Law enforcer
d.
Watchman
35. Which officer’s style involves acting as a problem solver and is therefore well suited for community
policing?
a.
Crime fighter
b.
Social agent
c.
Law enforcer
d.
Watchman
36. Which style of policing prefers to ignore or treat informally issues of concern, unless the social or political
order is being jeopardized?
a.
Crime fighter
b.
Social agent
c.
Law enforcer
d.
Watchman
37. Which policing style utilizes the least amount of discretion?
a.
Crime fighter
b.
Social agent
c.
Law enforcer
d.
Watchman
38. Which of the following factors best fits under the heading of extralegal discretionary factors?
a.
Peer pressure in policing
b.
Racial profiling
c.
Offender demeanor
d.
The working and living environment
39. Defined as the ability to monitor one’s own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them,
and to use this information to guide ones thinking and actions is the concept of?
a.
Miranda protections
b.
Demeanor
c.
Department politics
d.
Emotional intelligence
40. The demeanor of the offender is considered this type of factor?
a.
Environmental
b.
Departmental
c.
Extralegal
d.
Situational
41. Stress reduction programs may include:
a.
diet information
b.
biofeedback
c.
meditation
d.
all the above
42. Court decisions that limit police discretion are an example of a(n) __________ stressor.
a.
external
b.
organizational
c.
duty
d.
individual
43. The inconvenience and physical strains that come from rotating shift work are examples of ______ stressors.
a.
external
b.
organizational
c.
duty
d.
individual
44. What pattern does research reveal regarding officers’ involvement in use-of-force incidents?
a.
There is little evidence that use-of-force incidents are racially motivated.
b.
A small portion of officers account for a sizable portion of the abuses.
c.
Problem officers tend to be young and inexperienced members of the force.
d.
All of the above are correct.
45. The greatest factor in controlling the use of unwarranted police brutality is/are?
a.
labeling officers “Meat Eaters.”
b.
threat of civil judgments against police chiefs that condone violent behavior.
c.
suicide by cop.
d.
threat of civil judgment against individual officers.
46. Justification of the use of deadly force via the “fleeing felon” rule can be traced to:
a.
English Common Law.
b.
the landmark Tennessee v. Garner case.
c.
the landmark Graham v. Conner case.
d.
the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) guidelines.
47. Which of the following is not commonly identified as a factor related to police shootings?
a.
Firearms availability in the community
b.
Administrative policies
c.
Social conflict
d.
Poverty levels
48. What US Supreme Court case deemed the use of deadly force against an unarmed and non-dangerous
fleeing felon an illegal seizure under the Fourth Amendment?
a.
Tennessee v. Garner
b.
Graham v. Conner
c.
Gregg v. Georgia
d.
US v. Weeks
49. What US Supreme Court decision set forth the “reasonable officer” standard for police use of deadly force?
a.
Williams v. New York
b.
Graham v. Connor
c.
Sherman v. California
d.
Tennessee v. Garner
50. What is the lowest level of reasonable officer response mapped out in the FLETC’s use-of-force model?
a.
Contact controls
b.
Verbal commands
c.
Compliance techniques
d.
Defensive tactics
51. What was the name of the famous commission that investigated corruption in New York City in the 1970s?
a.
Warren Commission
b.
Knapp Commission
c.
Christopher Commission
d.
Mollen Commission
52. Just before the use of firearms, what is the highest level of reasonable officer response mapped out in the
FLETC’s use-of-force model?
a.
Contact controls
b.
Kinetic weapons or munitions
c.
Impact weapons
d.
Incapacitation holds
53. What US Supreme Court decision set forth objective standards for questioning by police after a defendant
has been taken into custody?
a.
Miranda v. Arizona
b.
Graham v. Connor
c.
Sherman v. California
d.
Tennessee v. Garner
54. In what landmark decision did the Supreme Court rule that police can perform a stop and frisk when they
have reasonable suspicion to believe criminal activity is afoot?
a.
Miranda v. Arizona
b.
Mapp v. Ohio
c.
Terry v. Ohio
d.
Tennessee v. Garner
55. What is the term used to describe those that aggressively misuse police power for personal gain by
demanding bribes, threatening legal action, or cooperating with criminals?
