Chapter Two Test Bank Questions
1. A counselor who practices from a ________________ encourages clients to implement
strength-based, solution –focused patterns of living, which enables clients to live their life
rather than their diagnosis.
a. Wellness perspective
b. Psychoanalytic
c. Adlerian
d. Behavioral
2. Which of the following ancient philosophers theorized that abnormal behavior was
related to the relative balance of four bodily fluids?
a. Hippocrates
b. Aristotle
c. Plato
d. Cicero
3. Which of the following early philosophers is known as the Father of Medicine?
a. Epictetus
b. Epicurius
c. St. Augustine
d. Hippocrates
4. Which of the following early viewpoints would most likely have originated with Plato?
a. Persons with madness are societal concerns that require a community response.
b. The goal of life is the pursuit of happiness. Nothing else matters.
c. Madness is best treated through spiritual interventions.
d. All forms of madness are psychologically-based.
5. What was the primary purpose for administering the water test?
a. Assessing the relative balance of the four bodily fluids.
b. An early way of determining addiction to alcohol.
c. Determining who was in league with the devil.
d. A spiritual ritual used to treat those with physical ailments.
6. Which of the following persons played critical roles in the reform of the treatment of the
mentally ill?
a. Phillipe Pinél
b. Benjamin Rush
c. Dorothea Dix
d. all of the above
7. Which of the following professional organizations is a direct descendent of the
Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane?
a. American Counseling Association
b. American Psychological Association
c. American Psychiatric Association
d. American Medical Association
8. A key milestone that lead to the application of the medical model in treating mental
illness was the discovery of a physical cause and treatment for:
a. hysteria
b. schizophrenia
c. paresis
d. neurosis
9. Which of the following contributions to the mental health professions was made by Emil
Kraepelin?
a. use of hypnosis in the treatment of mental illness
b. established the first psychology laboratory
c. authored the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
d. developed the first detailed classification system of mental illness
10. What was the primary interest of early psychologists?
a. the study of sensation and perception
b. treatment of mental illness
c. promotion of mental health
d. reform of asylums
11. Which of the following persons is credited with establishing the first psychological
clinic?
a. Wilhelm Wundt
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Leightner Witmer
d. William Healy
12. The Boston Vocational Bureau was established by:
a. Frank Parsons
b. Edward Strong
c. Carl Rogers
d. Clark Hull
13. Which of the following texts was written by Clifford Beers?
a. Childhood and Society
b. A Mind that Found Itself
c. How to Counsel Students
d. Aptitude Testing
14. Which of the following statements is most closely related to the views of Carl Rogers?
a. The therapeutic relationship can provide the essential ingredients for personal
growth.
b. Most psychological disorders are a function of faulty learning.
c. Ambiguous stimuli are quite useful in understanding the basis of a person’s
emotional distress.
d. Most psychological disorders are best treated when all family members are
involved in the treatment process.
15. Which of the following events created a boundary between psychologists and counselors?
a. the practice of vocational counseling
b. Veterans Administration funding of doctoral-level internships only
c. counselors lack of a unified professional organization
d. prescription of medication
16. What was a major consequence of the passage of the Community Mental Health Centers
Act of 1963?
a. Counselors became providers of care in community mental health centers.
b. Required application of medication in the treatment of the mentally ill.
c. Limiting community mental services to the severely disordered only.
d. A significant increase in the population of inpatient facilities.
17. Which of the following organizations was formed to develop accreditation standards for
graduate programs in counseling?
a. CACREP
b. APA
c. ACA
d. AMHCA
18. When was the American Counseling Association (ACA) created?
a. 1947
b. 1952
c. 1963
d. 1976
19. When was the American Mental Health Counselors Association formed?
a. 1963
b. 1976
c. 1979
d. 1981
20. Which of the following states was first to pass a counselor licensure law?
a. New York
b. Illinois
c. Virginia
d. Michigan
Essay Questions
1. Discuss the ways in which knowledge of the history of the mental health professions
contributes to the establishment of a professional identity.
2. Identify what you see as the three defining events in the development of the mental
health counseling profession. Why, specifically, do you see these particular events as
being so critical to the development of the profession?
3. In what ways does your understanding of the history of the mental health counseling
professions help you to understand the current issues that help and hinder the public’s
recognition of counselors as legitimate providers of mental health services?
Test Bank Multiple Choice Answer Key
1. a. Wellness perspective