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True / False
1. Approximately 75 percent of Americans self-report having a gun at home or elsewhere on their property.
a.
True
b.
False
2. About two-thirds of Americans believe crime is increasing, despite the fact that crime has been decreasing for
20 years.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Over the past 20 years, the crime rate in the United States has been steadily increasing.
a.
True
b.
False
4. The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) provides information on the personal characteristics of offenders that is
not available from any other sources, such as attitudes, values, and beliefs.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) requires local police agencies to provide a brief account of each
incident and arrest within 22 crime patterns, including incident, victim, and offender information.
a.
True
b.
False
6. While there are differences between crime data sources, the crime patterns and trends that are recorded are often very
similar.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Research shows that immigrants are much more crime prone than the general population, so that as the
number of immigrants increases, per capita crime rates increase dramatically.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Research suggests that gang members are responsible for a large proportion of all violent offenses committed
during the adolescent years.
a.
True
b.
False
9. The availability of legalized abortion is one factor that has recently been theorized to explain the drop in
crime rates.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Crime rates are highest in the fall months.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Deteriorating neighborhoods attract law violators; this is known as the relative deprivation hypothesis.
a.
True
b.
False
12. The elderly crime rate has remained stable for the past 20 years.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Chronic offenders are serious and persistent offenders who are responsible for a small portion of a serious
criminal behavior.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Arrest and punishment is highly effective at deterring chronic offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Self-report studies indicate a significant rise in the number of teens using drugs.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Young people face a much higher rate of victimization than older individuals.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Marital status has no influence on one’s likelihood of victimization.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Most offenders possess a gun, which explains why many anticrime advocates are against gun ownership.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Trajectory theory suggests that human development is controlled by a “master” latent trait.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Subcultural values are handed down from one generation to the next through the culture of poverty.
a.
True
b.
False
21. Research shows a link between mental illness and crime.
a.
True
b.
False
22. It is possible that the link between crime and mental illness is spurious: that is, both mental illness and criminal
behavior may be the result of some other, independent variable.
a.
True
b.
False
23. According to social structure theory, an offender weighs the consequences and benefits of their actions before
engaging in criminal behavior.
a.
True
b.
False
24. According to biosocial theory, elements of the environment interact with biological factors to influence behavior.
a.
True
b.
False
25. Consideration of bipolar disorder and its role in criminal behavior would fall under biosocial theory.
a.
True
b.
False
26. According to this view, criminal law is a set of rules, codified by state authorities, which express norms, goals,
and values of the vast majority of society.
a.
Conflict
b.
Consensus
c.
Interactionist
d.
Moral entrepreneur
27. The law is the instrument that enables the wealthy to maintain the position of power and to control the
behavior of those who oppose their ideas according to which view of crime?
a.
Conflict
b.
Interactionist
c.
Moral entrepreneur
d.
Consensus
28. Which view of crime suggests that criminal law is structured to reflect the preferences and opinions of
people who hold social power in a particular legal jurisdiction?
a.
Moral entrepreneur
b.
Conflict
c.
Consensus
d.
Interactionist
29. Moral entrepreneurs, people who wage moral crusades to control criminal law, are a part of which view of crime?
a.
Interactionist
b.
Conflict
c.
Consensus
d.
All of the above
30. A Crime Index is:
a.
a measure of all crime, including crimes reported and crimes not reported to the police.
b.
an accurate picture of the number of crimes committed.
c.
an estimate of crime that is not reported to the police.
d.
an estimate of crimes committed.
31. Which of the following crimes is not included on the list of Part I index crimes documented in the UCRs?
a.
Simple assault
b.
Arson
c.
Motor vehicle theft
d.
Criminal homicide
32. What is considered to be the most widely cited source of criminal statistics?
a.
UCRs
b.
NCVS
c.
National Indicators of Drug Abuse
d.
Bureau of Justice Statistics
33. Which of the following is an index crime?
a.
Kidnapping
b.
Forgery
c.
Simple assault
d.
Motor vehicle theft
34. Which of the following is a problem associated with the validity of the UCR?
a.
No federal crimes are reported.
b.
If an offender commits multiple crimes, only the most serious is recorded.
c.
Reports are voluntary and vary in accuracy.
d.
Crime rates per 50,000 people are computed.
35. Which of the following is not one of the three methods used to express crime data in the UCR?
a.
Number of crimes reported to the police and
arrests.
b.
Data from Monitoring the Future collected
every two years.
c.
Year over year percentage changes in the
number of crimes.
d.
Crime rate per 100,000 people.
36. The NCVS is prepared by what agency?
a.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
b.
Central Intelligence Agency
c.
National Institute of Health
d.
Bureau of Justice Statistics
37. What data source relies on a multistage sample of housing units to collect information about citizen’s
encounters with criminals?
a.
Monitoring the Future Survey
b.
NCVS
c.
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
d.
UCRs
38. Which of the following is not a problem associated with the NCVS?
a.
Individuals may misrepresent the time line of events.
b.
Overreporting because of victim’s misrepresentations of events.
c.
Incomplete acts are lumped together with completed ones.
d.
Underreporting stemming from the embarrassment of reporting crime.
39. The NCVS asks participants to report on the frequency and characteristics of all but which one of the
following crimes?
a.
Assault
b.
Murder
c.
Rape
d.
Robbery
40. Which type of data prefers the use of interviews and questionnaires for high-school students?
a.
Observational
b.
Victimization
c.
Self-report
d.
Official
41. What type of study is the best measure of unreported crimes??
a.
Victimization surveys
b.
Prison data
c.
Self-report studies
d.
Official records
42. Which of the following statements about the validity of self-report data is false?
a.
Serious chronic offenders usually cooperate.
b.
Some surveys contain an overabundance of trivial offenses.
c.
Institutionalized youth are not generally represented.
d.
The “known group” can be used to assess validity.
43. Most reported crimes occur during which season?
a.
Winter
b.
Summer
c.
Spring
d.
Fall
44. Since 1993, the rate of violent victimization has declined by about _____ percent.
a.
20
b.
40
c.
60
d.
80
45. The Monitoring the Future study found teen alcohol use and cigarette use at their lowest points since ____.
a.
1975
b.
1990
c.
2000
d.
2010
46. According to the Monitoring the Future study, approximately ____ percent of teenagers report hurting
someone badly enough that the victim needed medical care?
a.
1
b.
5
c.
15
d.
25
47. The greater the proportion of ____ in the population, the higher the crime rate and the greater the number of
persistent offenders.
a.
middle-aged women
b.
young women
c.
middle-aged men
d.
young men
48. Which regions of the country usually have significantly higher rates of crime?
a.
The Midwest and New England
b.
The West and the South
c.
The Midwest and the South
d.
New England and the West
49. For serious violent crimes, the males account for ___ percent of all arrests.
a.
20
b.
40
c.
60
d.
80
50. Which of the following groups experience violent crimes at a higher rate than other groups?
a.
Whites
b.
African–Americans
c.
Asians
d.
Latinos
51. When a man is the victim of a violent crime, the perpetrator is usually described as a(n):
a.
Stranger
b.
Acquaintance
c.
Relative
d.
Wife/girlfriend
52. Which of the following is false regarding the age–crime relationship?
a.
Young people are part of a youth culture that favors risk taking and behaviors that may involve law
violation.
b.
Youths have unlimited access to their parent’s money.
c.
Youths are psychological immature.
d.
Youths are aware of the lack of punitiveness of the juvenile justice system.
53. Which of the following characteristics does not increase one’s likelihood of victimization?
a.
Being male
b.
Being young
c.
Being married
d.
Living in a large urban area
54. Which of the following is false regarding the victim–offender relationship?
a.
There is no racial pattern in single-offender robberies.
b.
Women are more likely than men to be victimized by an acquaintance.
c.
Most crimes are committed by a single offender.
d.
Minorities are the offenders in a majority of single-offender rapes and assaults.
55. Weighing consequences and benefits is the foundation of ___________ theory.
a.
social process
b.
routine activities
c.
social structure
d.
rational choice
56. The culture of poverty is part of which theoretical perspective?
a.
Social structure theory
b.
Psychological theory
c.
Social process theory
d.
Rational choice theory
57. According to ____ theory, indicators of neighborhood disorder are highly predictive of crime rates.
a.
social structure
b.
developmental
