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1. Meaning in life is found through:
a.
intense relationships with others rather than through an exclusive and narrow pursuit of self-
realization.
b.
growing interest in finding meaning through acquisition of material possessions.
c.
placing more emphasis on the common good than on our individual needs.
d.
the increased use of alcohol and drugs as an attempt to enjoy life in a meaningless society.
ANSWER:
a
2. Achieving personal identity means:
a.
stubbornly clinging to a certain way of thinking or behaving.
b.
something we achieve for all time.
c.
being continually willing to reexamine our patterns, our priorities, our habits, and our relationships.
d.
successfully transcending role diffusion.
ANSWER:
c
3. We can make a difference by doing all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
helping ourselves.
b.
helping out a family member.
c.
helping out a friend.
d.
helping out a neighbor.
ANSWER:
a
4. Personal growth:
a.
is a destination.
b.
is a process, not a destination.
c.
is a short process that ends.
d.
is not very important.
ANSWER:
b
5. Sometimes people insulate themselves emotionally and find it difficult to recognize their flat emotional state.
Which of the following could be helpful in this situation?
a.
Watching television.
b.
Counseling can help you become more expressive.
c.
Using social media to see what others are doing.
d.
Eating and sleeping more.
ANSWER:
b
6. __________ the persistent verbal, behavioral, and environmental assaults, insults, and invalidations that often
occur subtly and are difficult to identify, can be very distressing for those who receive them.
a.
Hate crimes
b.
Radicalization
c.
Heroism
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d.
Microaggressions
ANSWER:
d
7. Although we may not be responsible for systemic forms of discrimination, we are responsible for:
a.
how we respond to and perpetuate these realities in our own lives.
b.
how others we know respond to racism in their lives.
c.
the feelings of oppressed minorities when others discriminate against them.
d.
erasing all of the past hurts and pain that the majority culture has caused.
ANSWER:
a
8. Logotherapy is an approach to psychotherapy that involves healing through:
a.
catharsis.
b.
religion.
c.
meditation.
d.
meaning.
ANSWER:
d
9. The European psychiatrist who dedicated his professional life to the study of meaning in life is:
a.
Victor Frankl.
b.
Dalai Lama.
c.
Irvin Yalom.
d.
Maya Angelou.
ANSWER:
a
10. According to Frankl, what distinguishes us as humans is our:
a.
awareness of death.
b.
self-awareness.
c.
search for purpose and meaning.
d.
cognitive ability.
ANSWER:
c
11. Drawing on his experiences in the death camp at Auschwitz, Frankl asserts that the inmates who had a much
greater chance of surviving were those who:
a.
had a vision of some goal, purpose, or task in life.
b.
were able to concentrate on their own survival.
c.
had the ability to get their needs met.
d.
were able to accept their fate.
ANSWER:
a
12. Even in the most dire situations, it is possible to give a new meaning to such circumstances by:
a.
ignoring what is happening.
b.
escaping through fantasy.
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c.
our choice of attitudes.
d.
effective use of our defense mechanisms.
ANSWER:
c
13. A philosophy of life is made up of:
a.
religious beliefs that we were raised with.
b.
early childhood messages.
c.
the fundamental beliefs, attitudes, and values that govern a person’s behavior.accepting the ambiguity
of life.
d.
ANSWER:
d
14. We begin to develop an implicit philosophy of life when we:
a.
first begin, as children, to wonder about life and death, love and hate, joy and fear, and the nature of
the universe.
b.
are adolescents, seeking our own identity and questioning the meaning of life.
c.
are faced with a crisis and forced to face the fact that the meaning of life is the result of our own
choosing.
d.
enter adulthood and formulate a clear sense of meaning and purpose in life.
ANSWER:
a
15. During the adolescent years, the process of questioning usually assumes new dimensions through the
struggle with all of the following questions EXCEPT:
a.
Are the values I’ve believed in all these years the values I want to continue to live by?
b.
Is there a higher power?
c.
What explains the inhumanity I see in our world?
d.
Why can I not change my ethical and moral decisions?
ANSWER:
d
16. When you are formulating and reforming your own philosophy, which of the following suggestions is
helpful?
a.
Frequently create time to be of benefit to others.
b.
Make significant contact with others who reinforce your belief system.
c.
Consider what meaning the fact of your eventual death has for those who are important in your life.
d.
Adopt an accepting attitude toward those whose belief systems differ from yours.
ANSWER:
d
17. One of the greatest nonviolent leaders in world history, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., was inspired by all of the
following EXCEPT:
a.
his Christian faith.
b.
his experiences with racism.
c.
the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi.
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d.
his faith as a Quaker.
ANSWER:
d
18. We can consider reflecting on whether or not our religion is a constructive force in our life by asking all of
the following questions EXCEPT:
a.
Does my religion provide me with a sense of peace and serenity?
b.
Does my religion encourage me to exercise my freedom and to assume responsibility for the direction
of my life?
c.
Is the way that I live my life congruent with the religion or spirituality that I profess?
d.
Is my religious faith easy to force onto others?
ANSWER:
d
19. Which statement is NOT true concerning your values?
a.
Your values influence what you do.
b.
Your daily behavior is an expression of your basic values.
c.
Your values have a significant impact on your relationships with others.
d.
It is appropriate to strive to convert others to adopt your perspective on life.
ANSWER:
d
20. In his book God’s Love Song, Sam Maier teaches that:
a.
once you have found meaning in life, it is important to influence others to embrace your thinking.
b.
diversity of cultures, religions, and world views implies an attempt to tolerate differences even
though you don’t accept them.
c.
sharing diversity fosters understanding, caring, and the creation of community.
d.
sharing diversity is not ethical.
ANSWER:
c
21. The following is not true about prejudice:
a.
Prejudice is a preconceived notion or opinion about someone.
b.
Prejudice is a defense mechanism, protecting individuals from facing undesirable aspects of
themselves by projecting them onto others.
c.
Prejudice is the same as discrimination.
d.
At the root of prejudice is fear of those who are different, low self-esteem, ignorance, and feelings of
inferiority.
ANSWER:
c
22. Francis Bok, in his very moving book, Escape From Slavery, tells the story of his village in the Sudan being pillaged
and his being taken as a slave for many years. In 2000, he became:
a.
the first escaped slave to testify before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in hearings on
Sudan.
b.
sick and was unable to work.
c.
extremely angry and led a revolution.
d.
the best slave he could be.
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ANSWER:
a
23. Philip Zimbardo, who conducted the now-classic Stanford Prison Experiment in 1971, addresses the perplexing issue
of how average, decent people become perpetrators of evil. He calls this:
a.
the Abu Ghraib phenomenon.
b.
the Lucifer effect.
c.
the Devil’s workshop.
d.
the Stanford Prison Experiment Phase II.
ANSWER:
b
24. At its worst, living without meaning and values can:
a.
result in suicide.
b.
cause moderate distress.
c.
lead to boredom and stagnation.
d.
reduce one’s productivity at work.
ANSWER:
a
25. As an expert witness in the trial of a military policeman involved in the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse,
Zimbardo describes how __________________forces transformed a good guard into a bad guard.
a.
intrapsychic
b.
hormonal
c.
situational
d.
neurological
ANSWER:
c
26. Philip Zimbardo believes that the antidote to evil is__________, and he has spearheaded the nonprofit
Heroic Imagination Project.
a.
evil
b.
heroism
c.
help
d.
fear
ANSWER:
b
27. Spirituality is often viewed as all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
a journey forced by others.
b.
an odyssey
c.
a pilgrimage
d.
an expedition into the meaning of life.
ANSWER:
a
28. ___________________ is at the foundation of healing in 12-Step programs for people struggling with
addictions to alcohol and mood-altering substances.
a.
Medication
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b.
Tough love
c.
Spirituality
d.
Solitude
ANSWER:
c
29. Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-Step Programs endorse relying on ______________________ as a
source of strength and support.
a.
God
b.
Allah
c.
a higher power
d.
Jesus Christ
ANSWER:
c
30. The Torah is part of which religion?
a.
Christianity
b.
Buddhism
c.
Hinduism
d.
Judaism
ANSWER:
d
31. The Bible is part of which religion?
a.
Christianity
b.
Buddhism
c.
Hinduism
d.
Judaism
ANSWER:
a
32. Dharma is part of which religion?
a.
Christianity
b.
Buddhism
c.
Hinduism
d.
Judaism
ANSWER:
b
33. The Qur’an is part of which religion?
a.
Christianity
b.
Buddhism
c.
Hinduism
d.
Islam
ANSWER:
d
34. The Vedas is part of which religion?
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a.
Christianity
b.
Buddhism
c.
Hinduism
d.
Islam
ANSWER:
c
35. Yan, a middle-aged woman who immigrated to the U.S. from China, and Tracy, a young white woman in
her mid-twenties, share an office at a university, where they work together as research assistants. Tracy seems
to keep her distance from Yan (and vice versa) outside of work-related tasks because they appear to have vastly
different world views. Their boss should:
a.
challenge them to learn to embrace and appreciate each other’s worldview rather than be threatened
by it.
b.
fire one or both of them if they refuse to become friendly with each other.
c.
reassign them to different offices so they will be with coworkers who are similar to them.
d.
ignore the tension as long as they are completing their tasks.
ANSWER:
a