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58. Most juvenile aftercare involves:
a.
parole.
b.
probation.
c.
community service.
d.
Counseling.
Shari is 16 years old. She used to get good grades but recently she is moody and unfocused in school and often has trouble
completing tasks. She has never been in trouble with the law but she has grown up in a socioeconomically challenged
situation with very little family support. No one showed up for her last parent–teacher conference and her teachers are
concerned about her current situation at home.
59. Shari has just been taken into custody for skipping school and underage drinking. What does the juvenile system
accomplish by taking her off the street?
a.
Voir dire
b.
Lex talionis
c.
In re Gault
d.
Parens patriae
60. If Shari had grown up in the 1600s before there was a formal juvenile justice system, what would Shari have been
considered as part of the poor laws?
a.
Wayward and destitute
b.
Child in need of supervision
c.
Person in need of supervision
d.
Status offender
61. Even though Shari was drinking underage, she has not violated any other criminal codes. Therefore, her case aligns
well with what concept in the juvenile system?
a.
Institutional programs
b.
Juvenile sentencing reform
c.
Reform schools
d.
Foster care
62. When Shari was taken into custody by the truancy officer, why did the officer have to call her parents before she was
questioned?
a.
This is used instead of Miranda rights.
b.
She is a child in need of supervision.
c.
Because of In re Winship.
d.
Juveniles have the same Miranda rights as adults.
Joquine is 16 years old and has two prior arrests on his record. He has a history of drug abuse and has been in and out of
counseling and diversion programs since he was 14. He has a stable home life, involved parents, attends school, and
seems to be well engaged in community activities when he is not hanging out with a couple of the neighborhood
troublemaker kids.
63. Joquine just committed a crime at school and the police have been called. Because he is a juvenile, what will happen
next?
a.
He will be arrested.
b.
He will be taken into custody.
c.
He will be arraigned.
d.
He will be adjudicated.
64. A prosecutor has decided to charge Joquine for assault with a dangerous weapon. He was coerced by his friends into
bringing a hammer to school and attacking someone with it. He will be detained in a secure facility pending his trial. What
was likely one of the main reasons why they kept Joquine in custody this time?
a.
He is a danger to his family.
b.
He is a repeat offender.
c.
The need to protect him.
d.
He needs to detox.
65. While awaiting his adjudication, Joquine goes to school and enrolls in a counseling program for anger management
and peer influences. When will he learn his disposition?
a.
When he is indicted
b.
After adjudication in a separate hearing
c.
After intake during the bail hearing
d.
At the adjudication hearing
66. While in detention, Joquine makes a weapon out of a piece of his bunk bed frame and gets into an altercation with
another boy who ends up in the hospital with multiple stab wounds. The judge has decided that the juvenile system can no
longer help Joquine. What are the choices of the judge?
a.
Judicial waiver
b.
Direct file waiver
c.
Sentence him to prison
d.
Involuntary commitment
Shelby grew up quickly. As a baby, she was quick to walk and talk. As a teenager, she was quick to date, to drink, and to
experiment with drugs. She was found skipping class and smoking marijuana by the school resource officer. Shelby’s
parents have been divorced since she was 6, when her dad went to prison for grand theft auto. When her mom is around,
which isn’t that often, sometimes her mom gets high with her.
67. After Shelby was taken into custody, before determining what happened next, the police and a social worker took a
detailed history of Shelby’s home and school life. Dating back to the beginning of the juvenile courts, why has there been
so much emphasis placed on how juveniles grow up?
a.
Family advocacy
b.
The poor laws
c.
“Best interests of the child”
d.
Disproportionate minority contact
68. As Shelby’s home life leaves much to be desired, and this is her first offense, what disposition will likely help Shelby
the most?
a.
Probation
b.
Placement with relatives
c.
Drug treatment
d.
Reform school
69. There are often three judicial hearings in the juvenile court process: this one is first.
a.
Adjudicatory hearing
b.
Initial appearance
c.
Dispositional hearing
d.
Initial intake
70. Juvenile custody rates are ____ times greater for African–American youths than for white youths.
a.
two
b.
three
c.
four
d.
five
Completion
71. ____________________ is the result of decision of a judge ordering an adjudicated and sentenced juvenile
to be placed in a correctional facility.
72. Juvenile offenders who commit serious crimes may be ____________________ to adult court.
73. The term “agree to a finding” is used in place of ____________________ when plea bargaining juvenile
cases.
74. Most incarcerated youths commit person, __________, or __________ offenses.
75. An adjudication is also called a(n) ____________________ hearing.
76. The ____________________ is the proceeding in which the court decides on the most appropriate treatment
for a delinquent.
77. Some believe a “_________” approach will mostly affect minority youths and enmesh them in an already
unfair system.
78. ____________________ means removing noncriminal youths convicted on status offenses from institutions
housing delinquents.
79. ____________________ marks the final stage of the formal juvenile justice process.
80. _______ is the most commonly used formal sentence for juvenile offenders.
81. ______ were reformers in America who developed programs for troubled youths and influenced legislation creating
the juvenile justice system.
82. In a ___________________the prosecutor has the discretion of filing charges in either juvenile or criminal court.
83. Before trial, prosecutors in the juvenile courts may attempt to negotiate a settlement to the case. This is called
________________in the juvenile system.
84. The philosophy called the _________________ has been in effect since 2000 and still operates today.
85. Brought to England from the American colonies, ____________ and chancery courts mandated care for wayward and
destitute children.
86. In re Gault ruled that a minor has basic _____ rights at trial.
87. Violation of curfew, truancy, smoking, and underage drinking are all examples of _______.
88. After a juvenile is formally taken into custody, the prosecutor makes a decision to release to the parent(s) or hold the
juvenile in _____.
89. The decision to waiver a juvenile to adult court occurs in a ___________.
90. Most juvenile aftercare involves ______.
91. Discuss the history and development of juvenile justice, including a discussion of the child savers and their
vision of juvenile justice.
92. Discuss the shifts in US juvenile justice philosophy that began in the 1960s.
93. Compare and contrast the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system.
94. Discuss the factors that are believed to be significant in police use of discretion regarding juvenile offenders.
95. Discuss the legal rights of juveniles, including specific reference to at least two relevant legal cases.
96. Explain the four ways states allow juveniles to be tried as adults in the criminal courts.
97. What are the major factors influencing the decision to waive a juvenile into adult court?
98. Summarize the arguments for and against retaining the juvenile court. Discuss the potential ramifications of
the demise of the juvenile court.
99. Summarize the arguments for and against retaining the juvenile court. Discuss the potential ramifications of
the demise of the juvenile court.
100. Discuss the problem of minority overrepresentation in the juvenile justice system.
