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Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. Many states and larger cities have created state and local fusion centers to share information and intelligence within
their jurisdictions as well as with the federal government.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Surveys indicate that the public does not support community policing and those strategies that are indicative of
community policing.
a.
True
b.
False
3. The concept of problem-oriented policing can be attributed to Herman Goldstein.
a.
True
b.
False
4. The 1994 Crime Bill provided that all new police officers hired in the United States would be paid entirely by federal
funding.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The authors of the seminal article “‘Broken Windows’: Police and Neighborhood Safety” were O. W. Wilson and
Wesley K. Skogan.
a.
True
b.
False
6. In 2004, researchers Zhao and Thurman reported that COPS hiring and innovative grant programs were related to
significant reductions in local crime rates for both violent and nonviolent offenses in cities with populations greater than
10,000.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The 41st Precinct in the Bronx earned the nickname “The Alamo.”
a.
True
b.
False
8. In a resident officer program, a police officer works in the same neighborhood he or she lives in.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Three corporate strategies for policing discussed at Harvard’s Executive Sessions on Policing were strategic policing,
community policing, and problem-solving policing.
a.
True
b.
False
10. The FBI’s success in the fight against terrorism is directly related to the strength of their relationship with state and
local partners.
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a.
True
b.
False
11. Researchers who traveled to St. Petersburg, Florida, to observe changes occurring in police roles and police–
community relations after the implementation of community policing found that the citizens seemed satisfied with
community policing.
a.
True
b.
False
12. The four elements of the problem-solving strategy are scanning, analysis, planning, and response.
a.
True
b.
False
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
13. In the 1960s, changes in police management led to the abandonment of ____________.
a.
bicycle patrol
b.
two-man patrol units
c.
foot patrol
d.
equestrian patrol
14. The Executive Sessions on Policing focused and debated on the use and price of ____________.
a.
rolling traffic enforcement
b.
adaptable computer databases
c.
intelligence-led policing
d.
community policing
15. The problem-oriented policing process necessitates improving various skill sets. One of those skill sets is
_________.
a.
scanning
b.
analysis
c.
response
d.
communication
16. Who founded the National Center for Community Policing in East Lansing, Michigan?
a.
Robert C. Trojanowicz
b.
Logan Stout
c.
Richard Hill
d.
Rick D. Patterson
17. Which of the following is not part of a community policing operation?
a.
Kiosks
b.
Mini-stations
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c.
Storefront substations
d.
Motorcycle traffic control
18. The concept of problem-solving policing can be attributed to __________.
a.
James Q. Wilson
b.
Lee P. Brown
c.
George Kelling
d.
Herman Goldstein
19. With incident-driven policing, officers tend to respond to similar incidents at the same location _________.
a.
once
b.
as tactical response units
c.
with problem-solving tactics
d.
numerous times
20. David L. Carter of Michigan State University explains that community policing ___________.
a.
suddenly materialized as a new idea
b.
evolved over time from research conducted by a wide range of scholars
c.
is not widely accepted
d.
is only the responsibility of police chiefs
21. More than ____________________ RCPIs provide regional community policing training and technical
assistance to law enforcement around the country.
a.
5
b.
7
c.
9
d.
30
22. Which of the following is not one of the human behaviors found by Wesley Skogan to be extremely
disruptive to the community?
a.
Public drinking
b.
Youths firing gunshots into the air
c.
Commercial sex
d.
Street harassment
23. In “Broken Windows” and Police Discretion, George L. Kelling notes that the community policing model
____________________ the use of police discretion among officers at all levels of the organization.
a.
reduces and limits
b.
contracts and discourages
c.
expands and encourages
d.
Both a and b.
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24. The biggest recent threat to community policing and, consequently, the biggest criticism of community
policing initiatives is ____________.
a.
the initial startup costs
b.
the inability to keep police departments fully staffed and to keep money flowing to these initiatives
c.
convincing local governmental leaders to participate in the programs
d.
the capital investment for vehicles
25. The Office of Community Policing Services (COPS) is part of the ____________________.
a.
NIJ
b.
FBI
c.
president’s cabinet
d.
Chicago Police Department
26. A very early attempt at community policing involving the development of decentralized neighborhood-based
precincts that served as “storefront” police stations was tried in what city?
a.
Detroit
b.
Tampa
c.
Miami
d.
Hattiesburg
27. What was the role of the New York City Police Department’s Community Patrol Officer Program?
a.
To serve high-risk warrants
b.
To provide community surveillance
c.
To rid the neighborhoods of street gangs
d.
To identify neighborhood problems and develop short- and long-term strategies for solving them
28. The Regional Community Policing Institutes (RCPIs) are part of the _____ program.
a.
TOPS
b.
COPS
c.
TASP
d.
COGS
29. Texas State University–San Marcos worked with the San Marcos, Texas, Police Department to develop the
____________________ campaign.
a.
Achieving Community Together (ACT)
b.
Increasing Arrest Rates (IAR)
c.
Community Crime Control (CCR)
d.
Keeping Campuses Safe (KCF)
30. Many large cities, faced with rising crime problems, are eager to hire administrators who are familiar with
CompStat and “broken windows” policing, and who served under this successful police chief __________.
a.
Jimmy Johnson
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b.
Daryl Gates
c.
William Bratton
d.
Rick Patterson
31. Many believe that modern community policing began with James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling’s article
“‘____________________’: The Police and Neighborhood Safety.”
a.
Littered Streets
b.
Disordered Communities
c.
Broken Windows
d.
Dangerous Streets
32. Problem-oriented policing involves officers dealing with the ___________.
a.
underlying causes of incidents
b.
things as they are before them
c.
community pressures
d.
management priorities
33. Community-oriented policing strategies have proven successful in ___________.
a.
only cities with a population over 50,000
b.
only cities with a population over 100,000
c.
only cities with a population over 500,000
d.
cities of all sizes
34. According to Herman Goldstein, traditional policing is ___________.
a.
incident driven
b.
community driven
c.
patrol driven
d.
service driven
35. The real responsibility for proper police–community relations rests with ____________________.
a.
the police chief
b.
the city manager
c.
every police officer
d.
the community relations officer
36. What involves a continued reliance on traditional policing operations?
a.
Strategic policing
b.
Community policing
c.
Citizen-based policing
d.
Political-based policing
37. Which of the following is not one of the most important benefits of community policing, according to the
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scholar Herman Goldstein?
a.
A more realistic acknowledgment of police functions
b.
A recognition of the interrelationships among police functions
c.
An acknowledgment of the limited capacity of the police to accomplish their jobs on their own and of
the importance of an alliance between the police and the public
d.
Community control of the police
38. Which of the following was not one of the corporate strategies of policing described by the Executive
Sessions on Policing?
a.
Team policing
b.
Strategic policing
c.
Community policing
d.
Problem-solving policing
39. In what decade did increases in crime, technological advances, and changes in police management thinking
lead to the reduction of police foot patrols and their resultant ties to the community?
a.
1920s
b.
1940s
c.
1960s
d.
1990s
40. Community-oriented policing is an approach toward crime that addresses the underlying causes of crime and
endeavors to apply ____________________ problem solving to the issue through improved police–community
relationships.
a.
rule-of-law
b.
long-term
c.
zero-tolerance
d.
short-term
41. Officers practicing incident-driven policing __________.
a.
seek to determine the underlying causes of incidents
b.
act proactively by contacting merchants prior to an incident
c.
tend to respond to similar incidents at the same location numerous times
d.
generally walk a business beat and are not tied to a patrol car
42. What is the philosophy of empowering citizens and developing a partnership between the police and the
community to work together to solve problems?
a.
Community policing
b.
Zero-tolerance policing
c.
Political-based policing
d.
Neighborhood policing
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43. Analyzing crime issues to determine the underlying problems and addressing those underlying problems is
referred to as ___________.
a.
zero-tolerance policing
b.
problem-solving policing
c.
political-based policing
d.
targeted policing
44. When officers reach the assessment process in the SARA model of problem-solving, officers ___________.
a.
plan further strategic movements
b.
evaluate community policing
c.
evaluate the effectiveness of the response
d.
evaluate incident-driven policing
Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.
45. __________ was established to administer the grant money provided by the 1994 Crime Bill and to promote
community policing.
46. Community policing is more easily facilitated with the __________ available today, which helps police maximize
their outreach to the community.
47. An untapped resource that can greatly contribute to the mission of keeping the homeland safe and that could prove to
be an extremely valuable partner to law enforcement is the __________industry.
48. A __________ is an organization composed of individuals from various federal, state, county, and municipal law
enforcement agencies in an area through which these individuals facilitate the gathering and sharing of intelligence
information and the evaluation of this information.
49. The idea of problem-solving policing can be attributed to __________.
50. The seminal article in the Atlantic Monthly that many believe was responsible for the modern stage of community
policing was written by __________ and __________.
51. The argument that community preservation, public safety, and order maintenance, not crime fighting, should become
the primary focus of police patrol has come to be known as the __________ model approach to policing.
52. Programs through which officers live in particular communities to strengthen relations between the police and the
community are called __________.
53. __________ involves officers thinking, not just responding to yet another call for duty.
54. The plan initiated in 1997 allowing police officers to receive 50 percent discounts and low-cost loans to purchase
homes in “distressed” areas nationwide was called the __________ program.
55. Many believe that the modern state of community policing began with a seminal 1982 article entitled __________.
56. __________ involves a continued reliance on traditional policing operations.
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57. Discuss the contributions that James Q. Wilson, George L. Kelling, and Wesley G. Skogan made to the concept of
community policing.
58. Explain the SARA process and how police officers implement it.
59. Consider the examples of successful community-oriented policing described in the text. What factors made them
successful? Are there similarities that could be used successfully in other communities?
60. Are community-policing strategies an effective way to combat terrorism? Why or why not?
61. Explain why some experts are not enthusiastic about community policing.
62. Discuss how problem-solving policing is more closely related to the historic beat policing than incident-driven
policing.
63. Explain how the community-policing concept has changed the role of police officers.
64. How was the police–community relations (PCR) movement different from modern community policing? Why did the
PCR movement fail?
65. Discuss how the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) has influenced and supported community
policing.
66. Explain why a police department website is considered a community policing strategy. Support your response with
examples from the Aurora, Colorado website.
67. Discuss the programs police departments in New Rochelle, New York; Northampton, Massachusetts; and other
locations implemented to address specific community problems. Do their accomplishments support community policing?
Why or why not?
68. Discuss the similarities and differences among the corporate strategies for policing—strategic policing, community
policing, and problem-solving policing.
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