56. Which is not believed to be a reason that people fail on parole?
a.
Parolees are released into the same environment that contributed to their deviant behavior in the first
place.
b.
Personal deficits that led to an offender’s imprisonment are not addressed by institutionalization.
c.
The prison experience itself focuses more on punitive efforts than rehabilitation.
d.
The parole system places unrealistic expectations on ex-offenders that they cannot possibly meet.
Ben is an identity thief. His scam is really easy: he has a skimmer that he puts on the credit card reader at the gas station.
When unsuspecting patrons pay for their gasoline, Ben gets a copy of their credit card number. Ben has just bought a
Mercedes Benz under one of his unsuspecting victim’s names. When the dealer does the credit check, they find that there
is an alert for potential stolen identity. Ben is arrested, charged, convicted, and sentenced to 10 years in prison.
57. As an identity thief who is good with numbers and money, Ben makes friends inside prison pretty quickly. He runs a
sports betting ring that both correctional officers and inmates are part of and Ben gives pointers to some of the younger
guys. Which best aligns with how Ben is able to carry himself on the inside?
a.
Ben’s experience is a total institution.
b.
Ben is teaching classes in prison.
c.
Ben is part of the criminal university.
d.
Ben has adapted to being classified.
58. Ben has a beef with one of the other inmates. He hasn’t paid his gambling debt and keeps betting on other games. Ben
is growing tired of dealing with the inmate but he is trying not to lose his head. Why won’t he go ahead and get his money
at any cost?
a.
Ben is not a violent criminal.
b.
Ben is a low man in the prison hierarchy.
c.
There is an inmate social code.
d.
The importation model.
59. Getting used to prison hasn’t been easy for Ben. He is a homosexual and was in a committed relationship on the
outside, and now he misses his partner. Even though he is in an all-male institution, he has never been assaulted or
victimized, even though there are a lot of male relationships. What is the most likely reason that Ben hasn’t been
propositioned by other inmates?
a.
Ben’s partner comes to visit and others know he is “off limits.”
b.
Ben has been prisonized.
c.
Ben ignores the inmate social code.
d.
Ben is true to himself.
60. In addition to Ben’s sports betting practice, he has a job in the captain’s office helping crunch numbers and budgets.
What does Ben accomplish by working in the captain’s office?
a.
Vocational training will help Ben at his parole hearing.
b.
This is the concept of a furlough.
c.
He is working toward his degree in accounting.
d.
Correctional administration needs to keep inmates busy.
Jill has two children and stays at home with them. She got into trouble when she hurt her back and got addicted to the pain
pills her doctor prescribed. When she couldn’t get any more pills, she went searching the streets for something else to take
the pain away. She would leave her kids with her mom and disappear for days while getting addicted to heroin. Jill just
got through the classification process at the women’s correctional facility and has found out that she is pregnant with
twins.
61. Jill has adapted to prison quite well. She is seen as gentle on the cell block and sometimes worries about the babies she
is carrying. She is protected and cared for and usually stays out of trouble and altercations with the other inmates. What is
the likely reason Jill has adapted to prison so well?
a.
She is on a special cell block for pregnant women.
b.
She found that she can get high inside prison.
c.
She and her cellmate have become lovers.
d.
She has joined a make-believe family.
62. Jill isn’t supposed to be friends with the correctional officers, but it turns out that one of the correctional officers that
maintains security on the cell block went to high school with Jill. They even dated the same guy years ago. What is the
major problem with Jill and the correctional officer being friends?
a.
The duality of the correctional officer’s role.
b.
Jill will likely turn on her correctional officer friend someday to exploit her.
c.
The other inmates on Jill’s cell block are jealous.
d.
Jill will be moved to a special wing to give birth.
63. Jill’s new cellmate is mean and angry. She seems to have had a rough life, grew up in an abusive home, and turned to
drugs to escape her situation. At one time, she even turned to prostitution to support her drug habit and has a long list of
medical issues. What is most significant about Jill’s cellmate and her situation?
a.
She is not amenable to treatment because of her anger.
b.
She is the typical female inmate.
c.
She will be a problem for the prison management.
d.
Jill is scared that she will be a victim of violence.
64. Jill, her new cellmate, and the other women in the prison get regular medical checkups and in Jill’s case, she gets
additional appointments with the doctors because she is pregnant. They see a counselor and the administration is
attempting to address the counseling and programming needs of all inmates. What is the main reason that there is such an
effort to do this for people who committed crimes?
a.
As a population, they are the most in need of these services.
b.
Inmates are protected from cruel and unusual punishment.
c.
Inmates have a right to adequate medical care.
d.
Seeing doctors is included in their Fourth Amendment rights.
Gary has just been granted parole. He served 7 of his 10 year sentence because he was mostly well behaved; he worked in
the captain’s office and got an accounting degree inside prison. When he is released, his partner doesn’t want to see him
and his parents won’t let him stay with them until he gets a job and proves that he is no longer a criminal.
65. Gary has signed up to take the Certified Public Accounting (CPA) exam. He was sure that getting a college degree in
prison would make him marketable and he would be able to get a good job upon leaving prison. He hasn’t had a
successful experience thus far and has just found out that he is not allowed to take the CPA exam. What is the main reason
for Gary having so much trouble on the outside?
a.
His college degree earned in prison is not the same as a free person’s college degree.
b.
His family is not supportive.
c.
Gary is barred from being employed in a financial field.
d.
Prison locks people into the lowest rung of society.
66. Gary feels like an outsider. He can’t seem to get a job despite his college degree and everyone looks at him as if he is
going to steal from them. He is not a criminal and is tired of being treated like one. He is just about ready to commit
another crime so he can go back to his friends on the inside. Which of the following is not one of the reasons why this
feeling is common among parolees?
a.
They can’t find a job.
b.
He doesn’t have a place to live and his psychologist can’t help him.
c.
Prison rarely addresses the psychological and economic needs of offenders.
d.
Restorative justice programs.
67. More than half of all-male inmates are held in ______ institutions.
a.
minimum-security
b.
medium-security
c.
maximum-security
d.
super maximum-security
68. Which is not an element of the inmate social code?
a.
Don’t interfere with inmates’ interests.
b.
Exploit inmates for your own gain.
c.
Don’t lose your head.
d.
Be tough.
69. Which is false regarding correctional officers?
a.
Correctional officers have minimal impact on a prisoner’s ability to adjust to prison life.
b.
Prison guards historically were viewed as ruthless individuals who enjoyed their power over inmates.
c.
A significant problem of correctional officers is that facilities are underfunded.
d.
Crowded prisons create stress and impair job performance for correctional officers.
70. Which increases an individual’s chances of successful reentry?
a.
Family support
b.
Employment assistance
c.
Substance abuse treatment
d.
All of the above increase one’s chances of successful reentry
Completion
71. Given its designed segregation and surveillance, the modern prison is a model ____________________.
72. Clemmer coined the term “____________________ process” to refer to an inmate’s adjustment to prison
life.
73. Female inmates often form groups called ____________________ to cope with prison life.
74. While some inmates violate the code and exploit their peers, the ____________________ is someone who
uses the inmate social code as his personal behavior guide.
75. Helping inmates obtain jobs after release is an example of a ____________________ program.
76. In _______________, the inmate is released when the unserved portion of the maximum prison term equals
his or her earned good time (minus time served in jail awaiting trial).
77. The first treatment programs in prison were ____________________.
78. The two distinct theories regarding the cause of collective violence are the inmate balance theory and the
____________________ theory.
79. If prison administrators believe that correspondence between inmates undermines prison security, the
____________________ Amendment rights of inmates can be curtailed.
80. ____________________ uses smaller caseloads and closer surveillance and is a form of parole reserved for
more serious offenders.
81. Inmates with strong ______________ have a better chance of making it on the outside.
social support
82. Ex-inmates may also find that going straight is an _______________ impossibility.
83. On the basis of the risk __________________ they are given, inmates are assigned to a permanent facility.
84. Donald Clemmer’s most important contribution to the world of corrections is his identification of the
__________________ process.
85. Inmates with long histories of delinquent and antisocial behavior may have ________________ their antisocial
behavior into prison.
86. The _______ is the loosely defined set of rules that pervades prisons and has its own norms and language.
87. A treatment approach that focuses on patterns of thinking and beliefs to help people become conscious of their own
thoughts and behaviors so they can make positive changes is _________.
88. Some correctional facilities have been reformulated into a ________ that apply a psychosocial, experiential learning
process and rely on positive peer pressure within a highly structured social environment.
89. The ___________ is the legal practice of allowing prison administrators free reign to run the prison, even if
correctional practices violate inmates’ constitutional rights.
90. An inmate trained in law who helps other inmates prepare legal briefs and appeals is often referred to as a
__________.
91. Discuss how and why there are differences between female and male inmate cultures? How do these
differences influence adjustment to prison life?
92. Discuss the elements of the Inmate Social Code.
93. Compare and contrast three forms of correctional treatment, including a discussion of the effectiveness of
each treatment.
94. Discuss the problem of prison violence and what efforts can be undertaken to reduce the chances of such
violence.
95. Compare and contrast the inmate balance and administrative control theories on prison riots.
96. Discuss the principles of the hands-off doctrine and how it shaped prisoners’ rights prior to 1960.
97. Elaborate three substantive rights granted to prisoners by the courts.
98. Describe the criteria used by the courts in determining whether a punishment constitutes cruel and unusual conduct.
99. States place a variety of controls/restrictions on former felons. Discuss several of these restrictions and the
impact of such policies on prisoner reentry.
100. What are some obstacles faced by the paroled inmate in the community and how do these obstacles
influence the likelihood of recidivism?