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d.
first-time violent offenders who will serve long sentences.
54. Which is a factor that helps contribute to swelling prison populations?
a.
Failure of community release programs
b.
Mandatory sentencing laws
c.
Conviction rates
d.
All of these factors contribute to the prison population
55. Which of the following is true regarding future prison trends?
a.
Fewer people are receiving a prison sentence than 5 years ago.
b.
A significantly greater number of people are receiving prison sentences than a decade ago.
c.
Policymakers are shifting to a rehabilitation perspective.
d.
All states spend more on prisons than higher education.
56. The suicide rate in county jails was approximately ____ times greater than that in the general population of the United
States.
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
5
Sean hasn’t always been on the wrong side of the law; he grew up in a two-parent household and was involved with his
church and the community garden that his dad loved. When his dad was arrested and sent to prison for growing copious
amounts of marijuana, everything changed. When his father was sentenced, his mom left him with his grandma and she
hasn’t been seen in 2 years. Sean has had many chances to reform his behavior in the juvenile system, and his
grandmother has tried to get him counseling and a mentor. Despite his young age of 16, Sean has just been sentenced as
an adult in a shooting rampage that killed one and wounded four.
57. Sean was placed in solitary confinement when he first arrived at the prison. The problem is that he has now been in
solitude for 3 months. What is the historical purpose of these actions?
a.
Penance
b.
Solitude for safety
c.
Retribution
d.
Rehabilitation to cure
58. Sean has recently been handpicked by the warden along with several other inmates to leave the prison and work for a
company that is going to replace the roofs of all of the correctional institutions in the state. The origin of this type of work
or arrangement can be found in:
a.
indentured servants.
b.
the ticket of leave.
c.
the contract system.
d.
the convict lease.
59. Sean hasn’t ever come to grips with his childhood and his feelings of abandonment. He has been seeing the prison
psychologist and is getting treatment. What model provides the rationale for giving inmates this opportunity inside prison?
a.
The medical model
b.
The Pennsylvania model
c.
The Auburn model
d.
The Bill of Rights requires treatment in prison
60. Sean has gotten in a fight with another inmate, and he will be transferred to another prison with a different custody
level. What will be the likely choice for Sean who is now considered a more violent offender?
a.
Federal prison camp
b.
Medium-security prison
c.
Private prison
d.
Maximum-security prison
Wayne is an architect. He designs all kinds of buildings, but lately he has found that designing correctional institutions is
a very lucrative business. He knows a couple of people that have gone to jail and prison and has been asked to come up
with the best way to maintain security in each facility.
61. Wayne is working on a project that will be a free-standing structure that houses inmates in pods. This will allow
officers to supervise them differently. What is Wayne building?
a.
Medium-security prison
b.
New-generation jail
c.
Private prison
d.
Maximum-security prison
62. Wayne has been contacted by the GEO group to design a facility. What type of work is he about to sign-on for?
a.
Private prison
b.
Boot camp
c.
Super-maximum facility
d.
Halfway house
Becky is a 17 years old and has always been trouble. She disobeys her parents, skips school, and seems to have some
anger toward authority figures. She also has some developmental delays that she was born with and although she is 17,
she acts as if she is 12. She is standing in front of Judge Brown for the first time and is being charged with shoplifting.
The judge has a lot of options for punishment because Becky lives in a state where 17 is the legal age to be considered an
adult.
63. The judge would like Becky to learn discipline and to understand the seriousness of her actions. Of the many
punishments, what will most likely accomplish the judge’s goal?
a.
Halfway house
b.
Boot camp
c.
New-generation jail
d.
Minimum-security prison
64. Becky is back in court for her second shoplifting offense. The judge still feels that an alternative sentence is
appropriate for Becky, possibly one that provides her skills that will help in the future. What type of facility will likely
accomplish his goal?
a.
Boot camp
b.
Halfway house
c.
Private prison
d.
Prison camp
65. Becky has been sentenced to a minimum-security prison where she is working with other inmates to make goods. She
engages in other group activities such as meals and recreation but stays alone in her cell at night. What is the origin of this
type of punishment?
a.
The congregate system
b.
The Pennsylvania system
c.
The Walnut street jail
d.
The convict-lease system
66. The penitentiary house was a central feature in the early ____________________ prison system.
67. The tier system was first introduced as part of the ____________________ system.
68. The Auburn system was also referred to as the ____________________ system since most prisoners ate and
worked in groups.
69. A _____ houses those awaiting trial and confines convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less than one year.
70. Incarceration of felony offenders for terms of one year or more occurs in a _____.
71. The ____________________ was the practice of correctional official selling the labor of inmates to private
businesses.
72. ____________________ are found primarily in the South and West and have been in operation since the
nineteenth century to detain offenders.
73. ____________________ prisons are the most stringent type of facilities that lock down inmates 23 hours a
day.
74. In a(n) ____________________ inmates have a great deal of personal freedom that sometimes includes
work furloughs
75. Boot camps are an example of ____________________ incarceration.
76. A halfway house is an example of a(n) ____________________.
77. The US Corrections Corporation opened the first ____________________ in 1986.
78. ____________________ is a prison sentence served in a boot camp type facility.
79. Using the supervision of citizen volunteers called ______________, Zebulon Brockway selected rehabilitated
offenders for early release.
80. Almost 9 out of 10 jail inmates are __________________.
81. New-generation jails allow for _________________observation of residents.
82. A typical _____________________ facility is fortress like, surrounded by stone walls with guard towers that are
strategically placed around the grounds.
83. The ____________ involves leasing inmates to a business for a fixed annual fee.
84. The ___________ is a correctional philosophy suggesting that inmates need treatment rather than punishment to aid in
their reform.
85. _____________is the philosophy that harsh treatment while serving a correctional sentence will convince offenders
that crime does not pay, which will lower the chances of recidivism.
86. Holding probationers and parolees picked up for violations and waiting for a hearing is one purpose of a _____.
87. To relieve overcrowding and improve effectiveness, many jails use a modern design referred to as the ___________.
88. “Club Fed” is a slang term for a ____________ prison.
89. Intensive physical conditioning and discipline occurs at a ______, popular in the 1980s and 1990s.
90. Used to gradually acclimate inmates to conventional society, a ________ is a community-based correctional facility
that houses inmates prior to their outright release.
91. Elaborate on the history and origins of corrections in the United States, including a discussion of the
Pennsylvania and Auburn systems.
92. Explain the influence of Quakers on the development of America’s prisons.
93. Discuss correctional trends that have occurred during the past 50 years.
94. Discuss the general conditions in a typical jail and the role of the new-generation jail in attempting to
combat these problems.
95. List the five primary purposes of the nation’s jails. Who are the typical jail inmates?
96. Discuss the difference between the medical model and the penal harm model.
97. Discuss the changes in design and treatment that go along with super maximum-security prisons. Elaborate
on the benefits and drawbacks of such a system.
98. Discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of two alternative correctional
programs.
99. Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of community correctional facilities. Have these programs been
effective?
100. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of private prisons.
